Cyrillization of Korean
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The Cyrillization of Korean is the transcribing and transliterating the Korean language into the Cyrillic alphabet. The main cyrillization system in use is the Kontsevich system (Russian: Систе́ма Конце́вича, romanized: Sistema Kontsevicha, IPA: [sʲɪˈsʲtʲemə kɐnˈt͡sɛvʲɪt͡ɕə]). The Kontsevich system was created by the Soviet-Russian scholar Lev Kontsevich (Russian: Лев Конце́вич, IPA: [ˈlʲef kɐnˈtsɛvʲɪtɕ]) in the 1950s based on the earlier transliteration system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich (Russian: Алекса́ндр Холодо́вич, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr xəlɐˈdovʲɪtɕ]). As a consequence of the Cold War, a Latin-script variant of the Kontsevich system is used in the states of the former Warsaw Pact (for example, in Polish and Czech[1]), while Serbian[2] and Macedonian[3] follow a Cyrillization system based on McCune–Reischauer romanization owing to the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia being a non-aligned state outside the Soviet bloc.
Features
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North Korea (where it has been proposed to replace the current script in the past) and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemization of these rules. In contrast with some systems of Romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling.
Consonants
Initial
| Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅇ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | к | н | т | р | м | п | с | ч | чх | кх | тх | пх | х | кк | тт | пп | сс | чч | – |
| McCune–Reischauer | k | n | t | r | m | p | s | ch | ch' | k' | t' | p' | h | kk | tt | pp | ss | tch | – |
| Revised Romanization | g | n | d | r | m | b | s | j | ch | k | t | p | h | kk | tt | pp | ss | jj | – |
Final
| Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅇ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | к | н | т | ль | м | п | т | т | т | к | т | п | т | к | – | – | т | – | нъ |
| McCune–Reischauer | k | n | t | l | m | p | t | t | t | k | t | p | t | k | – | – | t | – | ng |
| Revised Romanization | k | n | t | l | m | p | t | t | t | k | t | p | t | k | – | – | t | – | ng |
Medial consonant rules
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.
Next initial Previous ending | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㅇ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| к | н | т | р | м | п | с | ч | чх | кх | тх | пх | х | – | ||
| ㄱ | к | кк | нн | кт | нн | нм | кп | кс | кч | кчх | ккх | ктх | кпх | кх | г |
| ㄴ | н | нг | нн | нд | лл | нм | нб | нс | ндж | нчх | нкх | нтх | нпх | нх | н |
| ㄹ | ль | льг | лл | льтт | лл | льм | льб | льсс | льчч | льчх | лькх | льтх | льпх | рх | р |
| ㅁ | м | мг | мн | мд | мн | мм | мб | мс | мдж | мчх | мкх | мтх | мпх | мх | м |
| ㅂ | п | пк | мн | пт | мн | мм | пп | пс | пч | пчх | пкх | птх | ппх | пх | б |
| ㅇ | нъ | нг | нн | нд | нн | нм | нб | нс | ндж | нчх | нкх | нтх | нпх | нх | нъ |
Vowels
| Hangul | ㅏ | ㅑ | ㅓ | ㅕ | ㅗ | ㅛ | ㅜ | ㅠ | ㅡ | ㅣ | ㅐ | ㅒ | ㅔ | ㅖ | ㅚ | ㅟ | ㅢ | ㅘ | ㅝ | ㅙ | ㅞ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | а | я | о | ё | о | ё | у | ю | ы | и | э | йя | е | йе/ -е | ве | ви | ый/ -и | ва | во | вэ | ве |
| McCune–Reischauer | a | ya | ŏ | yŏ | o | yo | u | yu | ŭ | i | ae | yae | e/ -ë | ye | oe | wi | ŭi | wa | wŏ | wae | we |
| Revised Romanization | a | ya | eo | yeo | o | yo | u | yu | eu | i | ae | yae | e | ye | oe | wi | ui | wa | wo | wae | we |
Examples
| English | Hangul (Hanja) | RR (RR transliteration in parentheses) |
Kontsevich (Latin transliteration in parentheses) |
Serbian-script McCune–Reischauer (Gaj's Latin alphabet in parentheses) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| wall | 벽 (壁) | byeok (byeog) |
пёк (pyok) |
пјок (pjok) |
| on the wall | 벽에 | byeoge (byeog-e) |
пёге (pyoge) |
пјоге (pjoge) |
| outside (uninflected) |
밖 | bak (bakk) |
пак (pak) |
пак (pak) |
| outside | 밖에 | bakke (bakk-e) |
пакке (pakke) |
паге (page) |
| kitchen | 부엌 | bueok (bueok) |
пуок (puok) |
пуок (puok) |
| to the kitchen | 부엌에 | bueoke (bueok-e) |
пуокхе (puokhe) |
пуоке (puoke) |
| Wikipedia | 위키백과 | wikibaekgwa (wikibaeggwa) |
викхибэкква (vikhibèkkva) |
викибекква (vikibekkva) |
| Hangul | 한글 | hangeul or han-geul (han-geul) |
хангыль (hangyl') |
хан'гул (han'gul) |
| Hanja | 한자 (漢字) | hanja (han-ja) |
ханчча (hanchcha) |
ханђа (hanđa) |
| character, letter | 글자 (㐎字) | geulja (geul-ja) |
кыльчча (kyl'chcha) |
кулђа (kulđa) |
| easy | 쉬운 | swiun (swiun) |
свиун (sviun) |
свиун (sviun) |
| Four seasons are distinct. | 사계절(四季節)이 뚜렷하다. | Sagyejeori tturyeotada. (Sa-gye-jeol-i ttu-lyeos-ha-da.) |
Сагеджори ттурётхада. (Sagedzhori tturyothada) |
Сагјеђори ттурјотхада. (Sagjeđori tturjothada) |
| Just check the line color and width you want. | 원(願)하시는 선(線) 색(色)깔과 굵기에 체크하시면 됩니다. | Wonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gulgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida. (Won-ha-si-neun seon saeg-kkal-gwa gulg-gi-e che-keu-ha-si-myeon doeb-ni-da.) |
Вонхасинын сон сэкккальгва кульккие чхекхыхасимён твемнида. (Vonhasinyn son sèkkal'gva kul'kkie chhekhyhasimyon tvemnida.) |
Вонхасинун сон секкалгва кулгие ћ'ек'ухасимјон тоемнида. (Vonhasinun son sekkalgva kulgie ć'ek'uhasimjon toemnida.) |
| Republic of Korea | 대한민국 (大韓民國) |
Daehan Minguk (Dae-han Min-gug) |
Тэхан Мингук (Tèkhan Minguk) |
Техан Мингук (Tehan Minguk) |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 조선민주주의인민공화국 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) |
Joseon Minjujuui Inmin Gonghwaguk (Jo-seon Min-ju-ju-ui In-min Gong-hwa-gug) |
Чосон Минджуджуый Инмин Конхвагук (Choson Mindzhudzhuyy Inmin Konhvaguk) |
Ћосон Минђуђууј Инмин Конгвагук (Ćoson Minđuđuuj Inmin Kongvaguk) |
See also
Notes
Korean personal names are written by family name first, followed by a space and then the given name. As a rule, syllables in given names are not separated.