Kubrawiya
Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam
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The Kubrawiya order (Arabic: سلسلة کبرویة) or Kubrawi order,[1] also known as Kubrawi Hamadani, is a Sufi order. The order traces its spiritual lineage (Silsilah) back to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, through Ali—Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and the First Imam—as do many other Sufi orders. The Kubrawiya order is named after its 13th-century founder Najm al-Din Kubra, who lived in Konye-Urgench (present day Turkmenistan) under the Khwarazmian dynasty.[2] In 1221, the Mongols captured Konye-Urgench and killed much of its population, including Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra.
The Kubrawiya order places emphasis on the universality of its approach.[3] It is popular in Bangladesh, Mauritius, eastern India, and some areas of Pakistan.
Branches
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani was a missionary, scholar, and saint of the Kubrawiyyah, who—starting in the 14th century—helped the order to expand into parts of South Asia, China, and Central Asia (especially among nomads).[4]
In Iran, the Kubrawiya order was split into branches after Khwaja Ishaq Khatlani succeeded the founder. Eventually, differences arose between two claimants to the succession, and between their respective supporters: one group supported Mir Sayyid Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani, who lived in Qaen, and thus they were called the Noorbakshia or Nurbakshia; the other group instead supported Syed Abdullah Barzish Abadi, who was based in Mashhad.
The present Noorbakshia are found in areas such as Baltistan and western Ladakh (Kargil); the supporters of Barzish Abadi initially spread mainly within Khorasan, though they later spread to other countries as well.[5]
Notable Kubrawiya
- Najm al-Dīn Rāzī Dāya (1177–1256)
- Saʿd al-Dīn al-Ḥamuwayī (1190–1260)
- Sayf al-Dīn Bākharzī (1190–1261)
- Emīr Sulṭān (1368–1429)