Kuyubí language
Dialect of Moré
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Kujubim (Kuyubí, Cojubím) is a recently extinct dialect of Moré, a Chapacuran language, formerly spoken around the city of Guajará-Mirim in Rondônia, Brazil. The endonym, Kaw To Yo (or Kaw Tayó, which means 'eaters of payara fish'), may be the source of the river and synonym for this language, Cautario.[1] Sources which list one do not list the other, so these may be the same language.[3]
| Kuyubí | |
|---|---|
| Kujubim, Kumaná | |
| Kaw To Yo, Kaw Tayó | |
| Native to | Bolivia, Brazil |
| Region | Southwestern Rondônia, Bolivia–Brazil border area |
| Ethnicity | 27 (2001)[1] |
| Extinct | by 2023[2] |
Chapacuran
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | kuyu1236 |
| Linguasphere | 88-HAA-ab |
 Kujubim is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
In addition, there is a closely related variety called Cumana (Kumaná), a possibly extinct variety of Kuyubí.[4] Kumaná was documented in a wordlist by Emil Heinrich Snethlage in the 1930s.[5][6] Various names ascribed to the language in Campbell (2012)[7] are Torá, Toraz (distinguish Torá language), and Cautario, the last perhaps after the local river, and Abitana-Kumaná (distinguish Abitana dialect).
Phonology
Kuyubí has 34 phonemes, 29 consonants and 5 vowels.[8]
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occlusive | oral | plain | p | t | k | ʔ | |||
| preglottalized | ˀp | ˀt | ˀk | ||||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||||
| tap | ɾ | ||||||||
| preglottalized tap | ˀɾ | ||||||||
| nasal | plain | m | n | ɲ | |||||
| preglottalized | ˀm | ˀn | ˀɲ | ||||||
| postglottalized | mˀ | nˀ | ɲˀ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | h | ||||||
| voiced | z | ||||||||
| Resonant | plain | (w) | j | w | |||||
| preglottalized | (ˀw) | ˀj | ˀw | ||||||
| postglottalized | (wˀ) | jˀ | wˀ | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Vocabulary
Conjubim vocabulary from Sampaio & da Silva (2011):[9]
gloss Conjubim ‘I (1sg)’ pa ‘thou (2sg)’ ma ‘we (1pl)’ ti ‘many’ napa ‘one’ tan ‘two’ wakoran ‘big’ pu ‘small’ pe ‘woman’ tana'man ‘man (adult male human)’ namankon ‘child’ rato ‘person (individual human)’ piten ‘bird’ pune ‘dog’ kinam ‘louse (lice)’ piw ‘tree’ pana ‘seed (n)’ tukayn ‘leaf (botanics)’ tan ‘root (botanics)’ toka ijn pana ‘meat/flesh’ nawa zip ‘blood (n)’ wik ‘bone’ pat ‘egg’ pariz ‘fat (organic substance)’ mapum ‘horn’ tataw ‘tail’ kipun ‘hair (of head)’ tunam upek ‘head (anatomic)’ pupek ‘ear’ tenetet ‘eye’ tok ‘nose’ pul ‘tooth (general)’ jat ‘tongue (anatomical)’ kapajak ‘fingernail’ tupi ‘foot (not leg)’ tinak ‘knee’ toko zimtinak ‘hand (not arm)’ pepeje tipan ‘belly (abdomen, stomach)’ takawta ‘heart (organ)’ tuku rutim ‘liver’ tawan ‘drink (v)’ tok ‘eat’ kaw ‘bite (v)’ kiw ‘ash(es)’ pop ‘burn (tr. v)’ pop ‘see (v)’ kirik ‘hear (v)’ rapat ‘sleep (v)’ pupiyn ‘die (v)’ pinĩ ‘kill (v)’ puru ‘swim (v)’ mara kujan ‘fly (v)’ ze ‘walk (v)’ wana ‘lie (recline) (v)’ titim ‘sit (v)’ pe ‘stand (v)’ pak ‘give (v)’ ni ‘sun’ mapitõ ‘moon’ panawo ‘star’ pipojõ ‘water (n)’ kom ‘rain (n)’ pipan narikom ‘sand’ tinak ‘earth (soil, ground)’ tinak ‘tobacco’ ju'e ‘fire’ pite ‘red (colour)’ siwí ‘white (colour)’ towa ‘night’ pisim ‘warm’ nok ‘cold’ tiw ‘full’ pẽpe ‘good’ nami ‘round’ pu
A word list with 793 lexical items is also available from Rodrigues Duran (2000).[8]