Lantian County
County in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lantian County (simplified Chinese: 蓝田县; traditional Chinese: 藍田縣; pinyin: Lántián Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province, China. It is the easternmost and second-most spacious (after Zhouzhi County) of the 13 county-level divisions of Xi'an. The county borders the prefecture-level cities of Weinan to the northeast and Shangluo to the southeast, Lintong District to the north, Chang'an District to the west, and Baqiao District to the northwest.
19 township-level divisions
(1 subdistrict and 18 towns) and
346 village-level divisions
(9 communities and 337 villages)
Lantian County
蓝田县 Lantien | |
|---|---|
View of central Lantian | |
 Location of the county in Xi'an | |
| Coordinates: 34°08′56″N 109°19′08″E[1] | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shaanxi |
| Sub-provincial city | Xi'an |
| Divisions[2] | 19 township-level divisions (1 subdistrict and 18 towns) and 346 village-level divisions (9 communities and 337 villages) |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,005.95 km2 (774.50 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 536,100 |
| • Density | 256.25/km2 (663.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 710500 |
| Website | www.lantian.gov.cn |
Toponymy
Lantian County was first founded in 379 BCE, and was named after the nearby Lantian Mountain (simplified Chinese: 蓝田山; traditional Chinese: 藍田山; pinyin: Lántián Shān), located 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the southeast of the current county seat.[4]
History
Lantian County was first established in 379 BCE, in present-day Huaxu, 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of its current seat.[4] The county was named for the nearby Lantian Mountain (simplified Chinese: 蓝田山; traditional Chinese: 藍田山; pinyin: Lántián Shān).[4] Numerous ancient Chinese texts, such as the Taiping Huanyu Ji and the Rites of Zhou state that the mountain was renown for its jade.[4]
From 446 CE to 487 CE, under the Xianbei-led Northern Wei, Lantian County was merged into Bacheng County (simplified Chinese: 霸城县; traditional Chinese: 霸城縣; pinyin: Bàchéng Xiàn).[4] Upon its restoration, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao Commandery (Chinese: 京兆郡; pinyin: Jīngzhào Jùn).[4]
From 557 CE to 573 CE, under the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou, Lantian County was promoted and reorganized as Lantian Commandery.[4] During this period, Lantian County was abolished, and Lantian Commandery administered two counties formed in its place: Yushan County (simplified Chinese: 玉山县; traditional Chinese: 玉山縣; pinyin: Yùshān Xiàn) and Bailu County (simplified Chinese: 白鹿县; traditional Chinese: 白鹿縣; pinyin: Báilù Xiàn).[4] Upon the restoration of Lantian County in 573 CE, the county's seat of government was moved to the ancient city of Yaoliu (simplified Chinese: 峣柳城; traditional Chinese: 嶢柳城; pinyin: Yáoliǔ Chéng), located in present-day Languan Subdistrict.[4]
In 619 CE, during the Tang dynasty, Bailu County was restored.[4] Yushan County was also re-established the same year, with its seat of government in present-day Yushan.[4] The following year Bailu County was renamed to Ningmin County (simplified Chinese: 宁民县; traditional Chinese: 寧民縣; pinyin: Níngmín Xiàn).[4] Both counties were abolished again in 629 CE, and merged back into Lantian County, which was now under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao Fu (Chinese: 京兆府; pinyin: Jīngzhào Fǔ).[4]
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Lantian County was under the jurisdiction of Xi'an Fu (Chinese: 西安府; pinyin: Xī'ān Fǔ).[4]
In 1913, following the establishment of the Republic of China, the county was placed under the jurisdiction of Guanzhong Circuit.[4] Beginning in 1928, the county was under direct administration from the province of Shaanxi.[4]
Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the county was placed under the administration of Weinan District (simplified Chinese: 渭南分区; traditional Chinese: 渭南分區; pinyin: Wèinán Fēnqū).[4] The following year, Weinan District was re-organized as Weinan Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 渭南专区; traditional Chinese: 渭南專區; pinyin: Wèinán Zhuānqū).[4] From 1956 to 1958, the county was directed administered by Shaanxi.[4] In 1958, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Xi'an.[4] From 1961 to 1983, Lantian County was returned to Weinan Prefecture.[4] Weinan Prefecture.[4] In 1983, Lantian County was once again placed under Xi'an, which it remains today.[4]
In 2011, the county's 12 townships were reorganized as towns.[4] On February 13, 2015, three of the county's towns were merged into other towns, and the town of Languan was reorganized as the county's sole subdistrict.[4]
Administrative divisions
Lantian County is divided into 1 subdistrict (Chinese: 街道; pinyin: jiēdào) and 18 towns (Chinese: 镇; pinyin: zhèn).[5] These township-level divisions then in turn govern 9 residential communities (Chinese: 社区; pinyin: shèqū) and 337 administrative villages (Chinese: 行政村; pinyin: xíngzhèng cūn).[2]
Subdistricts
The county's sole subdistrict is Languan Subdistrict (蓝关街道).[5]
Towns
The county's 18 towns are as follows:[5]
Former administrative divisions
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 605,000 | — |
| 2000 | 560,283 | −1.90% |
| 2010 | 514,026 | −0.86% |
| 2012 | 518,800 | +0.46% |
A 2012 estimate put the county's permanent population at 518,800.[4] Per the 2010 Chinese Census, Lantian County's population totaled 514,026,[4][6] down from the 560,283 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.[4] Lantian County comprised 6.07% of Xi'an's population in 2010, down from 7.70% in 2000.[6] A 1996 estimate put the county's population at about 605,000.[4]
Climate
| Climate data for Lantian, elevation 540 m (1,770 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
39.7 (103.5) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.9 (107.4) |
39.7 (103.5) |
40.0 (104.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.7 (90.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
0.3 (32.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.5 (2.3) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.3 (0.33) |
13.8 (0.54) |
25.9 (1.02) |
48.4 (1.91) |
69.2 (2.72) |
84.9 (3.34) |
111.2 (4.38) |
113.9 (4.48) |
114.3 (4.50) |
65.7 (2.59) |
29.2 (1.15) |
7.4 (0.29) |
692.2 (27.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.6 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 99.3 |
| Average snowy days | 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 15.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 65 | 64 | 67 | 65 | 59 | 67 | 74 | 76 | 77 | 76 | 69 | 69 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 134.6 | 134.7 | 170.1 | 194.4 | 210.6 | 216.8 | 223.3 | 194.8 | 152.4 | 134.7 | 130.9 | 135.6 | 2,032.9 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 43 | 43 | 46 | 50 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 47 | 42 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 46 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Transport
See also
- Lantian Man
- Shangchen, palaeolithic site in Lantian
- Wangchuan ji