Linglinghua
Mixed Mandarin–Miao dialect of Guangxi, China
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Lingling (Chinese: Linghua 伶话 Línghuà or Lingling hua; Lingling: liŋ55 va33) is an unclassified mixed Chinese dialect. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic Miao in Longsheng County, Guangxi. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, Southwestern Mandarin is spoken.
| Lingling | |
|---|---|
| Linghua | |
| liŋ55 va33 | |
| Pronunciation | [liŋ˥ va˧] |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Guangxi |
| Ethnicity | Miao |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1991)[citation needed] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping (太平村), Pingdeng Township (平等乡), Longsheng County, Guangxi.
A description of the Taipingtang 太平塘村 dialect of Linghua can be found in Wang (2014).[1]
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | y | u | |
| Mid | ə | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | |||
| Tone category | Tone value |
|---|---|
| A1 | 55 |
| A2 | 22 |
| B1 | 33 |
| B2 | 44 |
| C | 44 |
| D | 22 |
Vocabulary
This section lists sample vocabulary in Linghua from Wang (2014). Translated English glosses have also been provided.[1]
Pronouns
| sg. | pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ŋa³³ | ŋai³³ |
| 2nd person | ŋ̍³³ | ŋ̍³³liɛ⁵⁵ |
| 3rd person | tʰa⁵⁵, i⁵⁵ | i⁵⁵liɛ⁵⁵ |
Numerals
| Numeral | Linghua |
|---|---|
| 1 | i²² |
| 2 | ni⁴⁴ |
| 3 | ɬa⁵⁵ |
| 4 | ɬi⁴⁴ |
| 5 | ŋ̍³³ |
| 6 | liu²² |
| 7 | tɬʰi²² |
| 8 | pia²² |
| 9 | tɕiu³³ |
| 10 | dl̩²² |
Nature
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua |
|---|---|---|
| 天 | sky | tʰiɛ⁵⁵ |
| 太阳 | sun | ni²²dau²²/⁵⁵ |
| 月亮 | moon | wei²²liɔ⁴⁴ |
| 星星 | star | ɬiɛ⁵⁵liɛ³³ |
| 云 | cloud | uŋ²²wu⁴⁴ |
| 雨 | rain | u³³ |
| 风 | wind | puŋ⁵⁵ |
| 山 | mountain | ɬai⁵⁵ |
| 田 | field | diɛ²² |
Body parts
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua |
|---|---|---|
| 头 | head | dau²² |
| 头发 | hair (of head) | dau²²pei²²/⁵⁵ |
| 脸 | face | miɛ⁴⁴ |
| 耳朵 | ear | niɛ³³tɔ³³ |
| 眼睛 | eye | ŋai³³tɬiɛ⁵⁵ |
| 鼻子 | nose | bi²²haŋ³³ |
| 嘴 | mouth | hau³³ |
| 舌头 | tongue | iɛ²²liɛ³³ |
| 牙齿 | tooth | ŋa²²tɬʰl̩³³ |
| 脖子 | neck | tɕiɛ³³kuai³³ |
| 肩 | shoulder | kai⁵⁵dau²² |
| 脊背 | back | pei⁴⁴ |
| 手 | hand | ɕiu³³ |
| 脚 | leg, foot | tɕiɔ²² |
| 心 | heart | ɬiŋ⁵⁵ |
| 肉 | meat, flesh | nai⁴⁴ |
| 皮 | skin | bi²² |
| 骨头 | bone | gy³³ |
| 左 | left (side) | tɬɔ³³ |
| 右 | right (side) | iu⁴⁴ |