List of active separatist movements in Europe

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This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession.[1][2][3]

Supporters of Catalan independence in Barcelona in October 2019
Scottish independence supporters in Glasgow. Scotland held an independence referendum on 18 September 2014

Belgium

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LocationPeopleProposed statePolitical parties
Flanders Flemings Independent Republic of Flanders or a Confederal Belgium (gradual independence)[4] New Flemish Alliance, Vlaams Belang[citation needed]
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Bosnia and Herzegovina

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LocationPeopleProposed statePolitical organisationPolitical parties
Republika Srpska Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska or unification with Serbia Republika Srpska Alliance of Independent Social Democrats[5][6][7][8][9], United Srpska[10], Democratic People's Alliance[10], Serb Democratic Party[9]
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Denmark

For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America
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LocationRelated pagesPeopleProposed statePolitical parties
Faroe Islands Faroese independence movement Faroese Faroe Islands[11][12] or autonomy[13] Republican Party, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
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Finland

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LocationPeopleProposed statePolitical parties
Aland Swedish-speaking population of Finland Aland Future of Åland[14][15]
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France

See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § France, List of active separatist movements in South America § France, List of active separatist movements in Africa § France, and List of active separatist movements in Oceania § France
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LocationRelated pagesPeopleProposed statePolitical partiesTrade unionsYouth groupsOther groups
French Basque Country Basque Unification with the Basque Country and Navarre – Euskal Herria[16][17][18] as an independent state or autonomy.[19] Euskal Herria Bai, Abertzaleen Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
Brittany (including Loire-Atlantique) Bretons Brittany[20] Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann, Brittany Movement and Progress, Young Bretons Movement Advocacy group: Celtic League[21]
Corsica Corsicans Corsica[22][20] Corsica Libera, Pè a Corsica, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA) Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica
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Georgia

Main article: Russo-Georgian war
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LocationRelated pagesPeopleDe facto stateProposed statePolitical organisationsMilitant organisation
Territory of the former Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Abkhazians Abkhazia[23] (recognized by 5 UN members) Government of Abkhazia Abkhazian Armed Forces
Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast Ossetians South Ossetia[24] (recognized by 5 UN members) Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia[25][26][27][28] or unification with North Ossetia to form a united independent Ossetia Government of South Ossetia Armed Forces of South Ossetia
Javakheti Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti) or unification with Armenia[citation needed] Parties: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance[29][30][31]
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Germany

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LocationPeopleProposed statePolitical partiesOther groups
Saxony Upper Saxons Saxony Free Saxony[32][33][34]
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Italy

Further information: Italian unification
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LocationRelated pagesPeopleProposed stateSecessionist partiesAutonomist partiesOther groups
Friuli-Venezia Giulia Friulians Friuli Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan,[35] Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front,[36] Pact for Autonomy[36]
Lombardy Republic of Lombardy or autonomy. Pro Lombardy Independence, Lega Lombarda[37][38] Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda[39]
Northern Italy Padania[40] Lega Nord (formerly),[41] Lega Padana, Padanian Union, Alpine Padanian Union Lega Nord, Great North[41][42]
Sicily Sicilians Sicily[43][40] Free Sicilians[44][45] Sicilian Socialist Party, Great Sicily,[46] Party of the Sicilians, Movement for Autonomy Advocacy groups: Sicilian National Front,[47] Sicilia Nazione,[48] Sicilian National Liberation Movement.[citation needed][49]
South Tyrol Greater autonomy or independence for South Tyrol or unification with Tyrol in Austria[50][51] Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen (independence), South Tyrolean Freedom (unification)
Veneto Republic of Venice or autonomy[52][53][54] Party of Venetians, Venetian Independence, We Are Veneto, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left Liga Veneta, Resist Veneto,[55] Veneto for Autonomy[56] Youth organization: Independentist Youth
National Liberation Movement (Self-determination): Venetian National Liberation Movement[citation needed]
Sardinia Sardinian people Greater autonomy or independence for Sardinia.[57][58] Political parties: Sardinian Action Party (regionalist)
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Moldova

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LocationRelated pagesPeopleDe facto statePropositionPolitical organisationMilitary forces
Transnistria Russians, Ukrainians, and Moldovans Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic International recognition as a sovereign state or unification with Russia[citation needed] Government of Transnistria Army of Transnistria
Gagauzia Gagauz people Gagauz Republic Peoples of Union of Gagauzia[59][60]
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Netherlands

See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § Netherlands
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LocationPeopleProposed statePolitical organisation
Frisia Frisians, West Frisians Greater autonomy or independence for West Frisia Frisian National Party (Greater autonomy; EFA member),[61][62] Groep fan Auwerk
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Russia

Main articles: Separatism in Russia and Proposed federal subjects of Russia
See also: Separatism in Russia and List of active separatist movements in Asia § Russia
See also: Circassian nationalism
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LocationPeopleProposed stateMilitant organisationsAdvocacy groupsOther groups
Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia[63] Circassians Circassia International Circassian Association (former member of the UNPO), Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus, Free Nations League
Bashkortostan Bashkirs Bashkortostan[64] Committee of Bashkir Resistance,[65] Bashkir Company[66] Bashkort movement, Bashkir National-Political Center,[67] Free Nations League
Chechnya Chechens Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile) Chechen separatists, Ajnad al-Kavkaz, Chechen volunteers in Ukraine, Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion, Ichkerian Special Purpose Battalion, Khamzat Gelayev Detachment Adat People's Movement, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus Ichkerian government in exile (Proposed to be recognized by UN member: Ukraine)
Dagestan Dagestanis Dagestan Imam Shamil Dagestan Battalion Dagestani National Center,[68] Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus
Ingushetia Ingush Ingushetia Ingush Liberation Army Ingush Independence Committee, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus
Republic of Kalmykia Kalmyks Kalmykia with possible unification with Astrakhan Oblast[69] Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress
Republic of Karelia[70] Karelians, Vepsians, Russians, Finns, Pomors Karelia Karelian Group Karelian National Movement
Krasnodar Krai[71] Cossacks,[72] Russians Kuban Kuban Cossack Army Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia Political organizations: Cossack Congress, Cossacks of the Kuban Rada
Political parties: Free Cossack Movement, Lapin, Movement for the Federalizations of Kuban, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia and Abroad, Committee for the Liberation of the Kuban
Kingiseppsky, Lomonosovsky, Volosovsky & Sosnovy Bor districts of Leningrad Oblast[73] Russians, Izhorians, Ingrians, Votes Ingria[74] Free Ingria, Ingria Without Borders[75]
Mari El[76][77] Mari Mari El Free Idel-Ural
Mordovia[77] Erzyas Erzyan Mastor[78] Free Idel-Ural, Erzyan Mastor
Mokshas Mokshan state Free Idel-Ural, Moksha Committee,[79] Free Nations League
North Caucasian Federal District Peoples of the Caucasus Confederation of the Northern Caucasus, United Caucasia Chechen government in exile[80]
Tatarstan[73] Tatars Tatarstan All-Tatar Public Center Ittifaq Party, Free Idel-ural, All-Tatar Public Center, Free Nations League Tatarstan government in exile[81]
Rostov Oblast Cossacks, Russians Cossackia, Don Cossack Host Members of the Free Nations League[82]
Udmurtia[77] Udmurts Udmurtia Free Idel-Ural
Volga Federal District Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Russians, Tatars, Udmurts Idel-Ural Republic Free Idel-Ural[83]
Kumykia[84] Kumyks Autonomy for the Kumyks in Dagestan
Astrakhan Oblast[85] Nogai, Astrakhan Tatars Nogai_flag Nogai_El_flag Nogai El or unification with Kalmykia Free Nogai El
Komi[86] Komi people Independence for Komi
Chuvashia[87] Chuvash people Independence for Chuvashia Irĕklĕ Chăvash En
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug[88] Komi-Permyaks Komi-Permyak
Karachay-Cherkessia Karachays and Balkars Karachaia[89]
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Spain

Further information: National and regional identity in Spain
See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain
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LocationRelated pagesPeopleProposed statePolitical partiesTrade UnionsYouth groupsOther groups
Basque Country and Navarre Basques Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria[16] Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EDP), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA), Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza, Alternatiba Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Ikasle Abertzaleak
Catalonia[90] Catalans Catalan Republic
Catalan Countries (i.e. including other Catalan-speaking areas)[citation needed]		 Pro-independence: Republican Left of Catalonia, Together for Catalonia, Popular Unity Candidacy Intersindical-CSC, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical, Intersindical Alternativa de Catalunya Arran, La Forja, Jovent Republicà, Joves d'Esquerra Verda, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Joventut Comunista de Catalunya Civil organisations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural, Association of Municipalities for Independence, Procés Constituent, Sobirania i Progrés, Committees for the Defense of the Republic, Negres Tempestes
Galicia (Spain) Galicia[91] Galicians Galicia (or right to self-determination within a confederal framework) Soverigntist: Galician Nationalist Bloc (EFA)
Independist: Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood		 Confederación Intersindical Galega Galiza Nova, Erguer-Estudantes da Galiza
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United Kingdom

Main articles: Separatism in the United Kingdom, Federalism in the United Kingdom, Countries of the United Kingdom, and Potential breakup of the United Kingdom
See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom and List of active separatist movements in Africa § United Kingdom
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LocationRelated pagesMovementPeopleProposed statePolitical partiesAdvocacy groupsOther groups
Northern Ireland Major Irish, Northern Irish (Nationalists) Re-unification with Ireland or independence[92][93] Sinn Féin,[94] Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú,[95][failed verification][96] People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers' Party of Ireland Militant organisations: RIRA, CIRA[97]
Scotland Major Scots Scotland Scottish National Party (EFA member),[98] Scottish Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, Alliance to Liberate Scotland Independence for Scotland Party, Scottish Libertarian Party, Sovereignty, West Dunbartonshire Community Party[99] Scottish Independence Convention (Common Weal, People's Voice, Scottish CND, Voice for Scotland, Women for Independence), Labour for Independence, Siol nan Gaidheal, Celtic League[100]
Wales Major Welsh Wales Plaid Cymru (EFA member),[101] Wales Green Party,[102] Gwlad,[103] Propel YesCymru[104] , All Under One Banner Cymru[105], Celtic League[100]
Cornwall Minor Cornish Cornwall or Constituent Country known as: Duchy of Cornwall[106] Cornish Nationalist Party[107], Mebyon Kernow[108] Celtic League[100]
Northern England Minor Northumbrians Northumbria Northern Independence Party[109]
Isle of Man[110] Separatist movement of dependent territory Manx people Isle of Man (Sovereign Republic) Mec Vannin, Isle of Man First Manx Independence Movement, Celtic League[100]
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