List of long-duration energy storage technologies

This is a list of long-duration energy storage or LDES technologies which are energy storage systems designed to discharge electricity for multiple hours to days or longer. These systems are used to support power grid reliability, renewable energy integration, peak shifting, energy security, seasonal balancing, and grid resilience. LDES is typically defined as storage with discharge durations of 10 hours or more.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

List of technologies

Compressed air energy storage – Method for matching variable production with demand
Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage – Type of grid energy storage
Gravity battery – Type of electrical storage device
Liquid air energy storage – Use of low temperature liquids to store energy
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity – Electric energy storage system

Flow battery – Type of electrochemical cell
Iron–air battery – Electrochemical cell using a metallic anode and oxygen cathode
Lead–acid battery – Rechargeable battery type often used in motor vehicles
Lithium-ion battery^[5]
Nickel–hydrogen battery – Type of rechargeable battery
Sodium-ion battery – Type of rechargeable battery
Sodium–nickel chloride battery – Type of molten salt battery
Sodium–sulfur battery – Type of molten-salt battery
Vanadium redox battery – Type of rechargeable flow battery
Zinc–air battery – High-energy-density electrical storage device

Carnot battery – Energy storage system
Molten salt energy storage – Technologies to store thermal energy
Phase-change material – Substance with high latent heat of melting or solidifying
Pumped-heat electricity storage – Technologies to store thermal energy
Thermal energy storage – Technologies to store thermal energy
Underground thermal energy storage – Storage of heat or cold for periods of up to several months