List of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of heads of government who were later imprisoned. There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest, overthrown in a coup or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.

Africa

More information Portrait, Name ...
PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater
imprisonment		Reason
Muhammad VIII al-Amin TunisiaBey of Tunis (1943–1956) & King of Tunisia (1956–1957)1957Overthrown[1]
Patrice Lumumba Democratic Republic of the CongoPrime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960)1961Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
Ahmed Ben Bella AlgeriaPresident of Algeria (1963–1965)1965Overthrown[3]
Ntare V of Burundi BurundiKing of Burundi (1966)1966Overthrown
Alphonse Massamba-Débat Republic of the CongoPresident of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968)1968Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
Modibo Keïta MaliPresident of Mali (1960–1968)1968Overthrown[4][5]
Idris of Libya LibyaKing of Libya (1951–1969)1969Overthrown
Hamani Diori NigerPresident of Niger (1960–1974)1974Overthrown[6]
Haile Selassie EthiopiaEmperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)1974Overthrown[7]
Moktar Ould Daddah MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (1960–1978)1978Overthrown[8]
Ali Soilih ComorosHead of State of the Comoros (1976–1978)1978Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[9]
Ignatius Kutu Acheampong GhanaHead of state of Ghana (1972–1978)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Akwasi Afrifa GhanaHead of state of Ghana (1969–1970)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Fred Akuffo GhanaHead of state of Ghana (1978–1979)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Francisco Macías Nguema Equatorial GuineaPresident of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[11]
Luís Cabral Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980)1980Overthrown
Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (1980–1984)1984Colluding with a foreign power[12]
Jean-Bédel Bokassa Central African RepublicPresident of the Central African Republic (1966–1976)
Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979)		1987Murder[13]
Mengistu Haile Mariam EthiopiaPresident of Ethiopia (1987–1991)1991Overthrown
Moussa Traoré MaliPresident of Mali (1968–1991)1993Overthrown[14]
Jean Kambanda RwandaPrime Minister of Rwanda (1994)1998Crimes against humanity[15]
Canaan Banana ZimbabwePresident of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)1999Homosexuality[16]
João Bernardo Vieira Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009)1999Overthrown
Kumba Ialá Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)2003Overthrown
Pasteur Bizimungu RwandaPresident of Rwanda (1994–2000)2004Corruption[17]
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (1984–2005)2005Overthrown[18]
Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó Equatorial GuineaPrime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006)2007Corruption[19]
Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (2007–2008)2008Overthrown[20]
Mohamed BacarAnjouan State of AnjouanPresident of Anjouan (2001–2008)2008Illegally entering a country[21]
Marc Ravalomanana MadagascarPresident of Madagascar (2005–2009)2010Murder[22]
Mamadou Tandja NigerPresident of Niger (1999–2010)2010Overthrown[23]
Eugène Koffi Adoboli TogoPrime Minister of Togo (1999–2000)2011Corruption[24]
Abuzed Omar Dorda LibyaPrime Minister of Libya (1990–1994)2011Crimes against humanity[25]
Baghdadi Mahmudi LibyaSecretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011)2011Illegally entering a country[26]
Muammar Gaddafi LibyaBrotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011) & Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)2011Overthrown
Hosni Mubarak EgyptPresident of Egypt (1981–2011)2011Overthrown
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali TunisiaPresident of Tunisia (1987–2011)2011Overthrown[27]
Charles Taylor LiberiaPresident of Liberia (1997–2003)2012Crimes against humanity[28]
Raimundo Pereira Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012)2012Overthrown
François Bozizé Central African RepublicPresident of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)2013Overthrown[29]
Ephraïm Inoni CameroonPrime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009)2013Corruption[30]
Mohamed Morsi EgyptPresident of Egypt (2012–2013)2013Overthrown[31][32]
Hissène Habré ChadPresident of Chad (1982–1990)2016Crimes against humanity[33]
Robert Mugabe ZimbabwePrime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)		2017Overthrown[34]
Hama Amadou NigerPrime Minister of Niger (1995–1996 & 2000–2007)2017Child smuggling[35]
Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi ComorosPresident of the Comoros (2006–2011)2018Corruption[36]
Youcef Yousfi AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (2014)2019Corruption[37]
Abdelmalek Sellal AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (2012–2017)2019Corruption[38]
Ahmed Ouyahia AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019)2019Corruption[38]
Mohamed Tahir Ayala SudanPrime Minister of Sudan (2019)2019Overthrown[39]
Omar al-Bashir SudanPresident of Sudan (1989–2019)2019Overthrown[40][41][42]
Guillaume Soro Ivory CoastPrime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012)2020Corruption[43]
Tom Thabane LesothoPrime Minister of Lesotho (2012–2015 & 2017–2020)2020Murder[44]
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta MaliPresident of Mali (2013–2020)2020Overthrown[45]
Pierre Habumuremyi RwandaPrime Minister of Rwanda (2011–2014)2020Fraud[46]
Bah Ndaw MaliPresident of Mali (2020–2021)2021Overthrown[47]
Moctar Ouane MaliPrime Minister of Mali (2020–2021)2021Overthrown[47]
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (2009–2019)2021Corruption[48]
Yahya Ould Hademine MauritaniaPrime Minister of Mauritania (2014–2018)2021Corruption[49]
Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir MauritaniaPrime Minister of Mauritania (2018–2019)2021Corruption[49]
Jacob Zuma South AfricaPresident of South Africa (2009–2018)2021Corruption[50]
Alpha Condé GuineaPresident of Guinea (2010–2021)2021Overthrown[51]
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Burkina FasoPresident of Burkina Faso (2015–2022)2022Overthrown[52]
 Moussa Dadis Camara Guinea President of Guinea (2008–2010) 2022 Imprisoned before trial[53]
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba Burkina FasoPresident of Burkina Faso (2022)2022Overthrown[54]
Ibrahima Kassory Fofana GuineaPrime Minister of Guinea (2018–2021)2022Embezzlement[55]
Blaise Compaoré Burkina FasoPresident of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)2022Murder[56]
Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni BurundiPrime Minister of Burundi (2020–2022)2023Attempted coup[57]
Noureddine Bedoui AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (2019)2023Corruption[58]
Mohamed Bazoum NigerPresident of Niger (2021–2023)2023Overthrown[59]
Ali Bongo Ondimba GabonPresident of Gabon (2009–2023)2023Overthrown[60]
Ali Laarayedh TunisiaPrime Minister of Tunisia (2013–2014)2025Terrorism[61]
Youssef Chahed TunisiaPrime Minister of Tunisia (2016–2020)2025Terrorism[62]
Matata Ponyo Mapon Democratic Republic of the CongoPrime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2012–2016)2025Corruption[63]
Close

Asia

More information Portrait, Name ...
PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater
imprisonment		Reason
Li Si ChinaImperial Chancellor (208 BC)208 BCTreason (Executed by Waist chop)
Zhao Gao ChinaImperial Chancellor (208–207 BC)207 BCOverthrown (Stabbed to death)
Ziying of Qin ChinaRuler of Qin (207 BC)206 BCOverthrown (Executed by beheading)
Huai of Jin ChinaEmperor of China (Western Jin) (307–311)313Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Min of Jin ChinaEmperor of China (Western Jin) (313–316)318Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Tianzuo of Liao ChinaEmperor of the Liao Dynasty (1101–1125)1156Overthrown (Executed by being shot to death with arrows)
Qinzong of Song ChinaEmperor of the Song Dynasty (1126–1127)1127Captured by enemy forces during the Jingkang incident
Wen Tianxiang ChinaGrand Chancellor of the Song Dynasty (1275–1278)1283Treason (Executed by beheading)
Puyi ChinaEmperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945) and Emperor of China (1908–1912)1946Crimes against humanity
Chen Gongbo Collaborationist ChinaPresident of the Republic of China (1944–1945)1946Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Liang Hongzhi Collaborationist ChinaPresident of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940)1946Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Kōki Hirota JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1936–1937)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hiranuma Kiichirō JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1939)1946Crimes against humanity
Kuniaki Koiso JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1944–1945)1946Crimes against humanity
Masaharu Homma JapanMilitary Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1942)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Shigenori Kuroda JapanMilitary Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1943–1944)1946Crimes against humanity
Tomoyuki Yamashita JapanMilitary Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1944–1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Jirō Minami JapanGovernor-General of Korea (1936–1942)1946Crimes against humanity
Takashi Sakai JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1941–1942)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Rensuke Isogai JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1942–1944)1946Crimes against humanity
Hisakazu Tanaka JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1945)1947Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Yoshijirō Umezu JapanGovernor-General of Kwantung (1939–1944)1948Crimes against humanity
Heitarō Kimura JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1944–1945)1948Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hideki Tojo JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1941–1944)1948Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Faisal II of Iraq IraqKing of Iraq (1939–1958)1958Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Nuri al-Said IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1930–1958)1958Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Adnan Menderes TurkeyPrime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)1960Treason (Executed by hanging)[64]
Celâl Bayar TurkeyPresident of Turkey (1950-1960)1960Treason[64]
Abd al-Karim Qasim IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963)1963Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Sukarno IndonesiaPresident of Indonesia (1945–1967)1967Overthrown[65]
Liu Shaoqi ChinaChairman of the People's Republic of China (1958–1968)1968Treason[66]
Said bin Taimur OmanSultan of Oman (1932–1970)1970Overthrown
Tajuddin Ahmad BangladeshPrime Minister of Bangladesh (1971–1972)1975Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[67]
Muhammad Mansur Ali BangladeshPrime Minister of Bangladesh (1975)1975Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[67]
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad BangladeshPresident of Bangladesh (1975)1975Overthrown[67]
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda IranPrime Minister of Iran (1965–1977)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[68]
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi IranShah of Iran (1941–1979)1979Overthrown
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto PakistanPresident of Pakistan (1971–1973)
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977)		1979Murder (Hanging)[69][70][71]
Kakuei Tanaka JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1972–1974)1983Bribery[72]
Zhao Ziyang ChinaGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–1989)
Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980–1987)		1989Politically purged
Hussain Muhammad Ershad BangladeshPresident of Bangladesh (1983–1990)1990Corruption[73]
Mohammad Najibullah AfghanistanPresident of Afghanistan (1987–1992)1992Overthrown (Tortured to death)[74]
Tursunbek Chyngyshev KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1992–1993)1994Corruption[75]
Chun Doo-hwan South KoreaPresident of South Korea (1980-1988)1996Treason[76]
Roh Tae-woo South KoreaPresident of South Korea (1988–1993)1996Treason[77]
Akezhan Kazhegeldin KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997)1998Tax evasion[78]
Necmettin Erbakan TurkeyPrime Minister of Turkey (1996–1997)1998Corruption[79]
Benazir Bhutto PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990 & 1993–1996)1999Corruption[80]
P. V. Narasimha Rao IndiaPrime Minister of India (1991–1996)2000Corruption[81]
Suharto IndonesiaPresident of Indonesia (1968–1998)2000Corruption[82]
Ne Win BurmaPrime Minister of Burma (1958–1960 & 1962–1974)
President of Burma (1974–1981)		2002Treason[83]
Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1991–1993)2003Overthrown[84]
Sa'dun Hammadi IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1991)2003Overthrown[85]
Saddam Hussein IraqPresident of Iraq (1979–2003)2003Overthrown (Executed by hanging)[86]
Khin Nyunt BurmaPrime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004)2005Corruption[87]
Joseph Estrada PhilippinesPresident of the Philippines (1998–2001)2007Corruption[88]
Norodom Ranariddh CambodiaPrime Minister of Cambodia (1993–1997)2007Corruption[89]
Chen Shui-bian TaiwanPresident of the Republic of China (2000–2008)2009Bribery[90]
Abdul Kabir AfghanistanActing Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001, 2023)2010Terrorism[91]
Moshe Katsav IsraelPresident of Israel (2000-2007)2011Rape[92]
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo PhilippinesPresident of the Philippines (2001–2010)2011Hospital arrest. Election fraud charges, later dismissed[93]
2012Hospital arrest. Corruption charges, later dismissed[94]
Yousaf Raza Gillani PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012)2012Contempt of court[95]
Nambaryn Enkhbayar MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
President of Mongolia (2005–2009)		2012Corruption[96]
Abdumalik Abdullajanov TajikistanPrime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993)2013Attempted assassination[97]
Daniar Usenov KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2009–2010)2013Corruption[98]
Ehud Olmert IsraelPrime Minister of Israel (2006-2009)2014Bribery[99]
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013)2014Corruption[100]
Khieu Samphan Democratic KampucheaChairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1976–1979)2014Crimes against humanity[101]
Nuon Chea Democratic KampucheaPrime Minister of Kampuchea (1976)2014Crimes against humanity[102]
Kenan Evren TurkeyPresident of Turkey (1980–1989)2014Treason[103]
Serik Akhmetov KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012–2014)2015Corruption[104]
Han Myeong-sook South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (2006–2007)2015Bribery[105]
Mohamed Nasheed MaldivesPresident of the Maldives (2008-2012)2015Terrorism[106]
Lee Wan-koo South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (2015)2016Bribery[107]
Igor Chudinov KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2007–2009)2017Corruption[108]
Yingluck Shinawatra ThailandPrime Minister of Thailand (2011–2014)2017Corruption[109]
Choi Kyoung-hwan South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (2015)2018Bribery[110]
Chimediin Saikhanbileg MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2014–2016)2018Corruption[111]
Sanjaagiin Bayar MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2007–2009)2018Corruption[111]
Almazbek Atambayev KyrgyzstanPresident of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2017)2018Murder[112]
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom MaldivesPresident of the Maldives (1978–2008)2018Treason[113]
Lee Myung-bak South KoreaPresident of South Korea (2008–2013)2018Bribery[114]
Park Geun-hye South KoreaPresident of South Korea (2013–2017)2018Bribery[115]
Khaleda Zia BangladeshPrime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996 & 2001–2006)2018Corruption[116]
Nawaz Sharif PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993, 1997–1999 & 2013–2017)2018Corruption[117][118][119]
Ma Ying-jeou TaiwanPresident of the Republic of China (2008-2016)2018Leaking classified information[120]
Abdulla Yameen MaldivesPresident of the Maldives (2013–2018)2019Corruption[121]
Thaksin Shinawatra ThailandPrime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)2019Corruption[122]
Nur Bekri ChinaChairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
People's Government (2008–2014)		2019Bribery[123]
Pervez Musharraf PakistanPresident of Pakistan (2001–2008)2019Treason[124]
Asif Ali Zardari PakistanPresident of Pakistan (2008–2013, 2024–present)2019Corruption[125]
Najib Razak MalaysiaPrime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018)2019Corruption[126]
Zhantoro Satybaldiyev KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012–2014)2019Corruption[127]
Sapar Isakov KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2017–2018)2019Corruption[127]
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi YemenPresident of Yemen (2012–2022)2020Treason[128]
Dendeviin Terbishdagva MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2014)2020Abuse of power[129]
Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2016–2017)2020Abuse of power[130]
Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (1996–1998)2020Abuse of power[129]
Aung San Suu Kyi MyanmarState Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021)2021Illegally importing walkie-talkies[131]
Win Myint MyanmarPresident of Myanmar (2018–2021)2021 (pardoned and released 2026)Corruption, incitement of opposition, violations of COVID-19 protocols[132]
Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2018–2020)2021Corruption[133]
Ömürbek Babanov KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2012)2021Corruption[134]
Kubanychbek Jumaliyev KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998)2021Corruption[135]
Temir Sariyev KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2015–2016)2021Corruption[135]
Sooronbay Jeenbekov KyrgyzstanPresident of Kyrgyzstan (2017-2020) & Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2016–2017)2021Corruption[136]
Djoomart Otorbaev KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2014–2015)2022Corruption[133]
Karim Massimov KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan (2014–2016)2023Treason[137]
Imran Khan PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022)2023Corruption[138]
Yoon Suk Yeol South KoreaPresident of South Korea (2022–2025)2026Insurrection[139]
Han Duck-soo South KoreaActing President of South Korea (2024–2025)[a]2026
  • Aiding an insurrection[140]
  • Falsifying and destroying official documents
  • Perjury[141]
Close

Europe

More information Portrait, Name ...
PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
ValerianRoman EmpireEmperor of Rome (253–260)260Overthrown
Mary, Queen of Scots ScotlandQueen of Scotland (1542–1567)1587Treason (Executed by beheading)
Charles I of England England, Scotland & IrelandKing of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–1649)1649Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Louis XVI FranceKing of France (1774–1792)1793Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Lajos Batthyány HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1848)1849Overthrown
(Executed by firing squad)
Nicholas II of Russia RussiaEmperor of Russia (1894–1917)1917Overthrown
(Executed by firing squad)
Carol II of Romania RomaniaKing of Romania (1930–1940)1940Overthrown
Géza Lakatos HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944)1945Crimes against humanity
Bogdan Filov BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1940–1943)1945Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Dobri Bozhilov BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1943–1944)1945Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Benito Mussolini ItalyPrime Minister of Italy (1922–1945)1945Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Philippe Pétain FranceChief of the Government (1940)
Chief of the French State (1940–1944)		1945Crimes against humanity and Treason
Pierre Laval FranceChief of the Government (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1940 & 1942–1944)1945Crimes against humanity and Treason
(Executed by firing squad)
Vidkun Quisling NorwayMinister President of Norway (1942–1945)1945Crimes against humanity and Treason
(Executed by firing squad)
Risto Ryti FinlandPresident of Finland (1940–1944)1945Treason
Ibrahim Biçakçiu AlbaniaPrime Minister of Albania (1944)1945Crimes against humanity
Georgios Tsolakoglou GreecePrime Minister of Greece (1941–1942)1945Crimes against humanity and Treason
Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1944)1945Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Petar Gabrovski BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1943)1945Crimes against humanity
Wilhelm Frick Nazi GermanyProtector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Ferenc Szálasi HungaryHead of State of Hungary (1944–1945)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Döme Sztójay HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Karl Hermann Frank Nazi GermanyReich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Hans Frank Nazi GermanyGovernor-General of the General Government of Occupied Poland (1939–1945)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Kurt Daluege Nazi GermanyProtector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Kostaq Kotta AlbaniaPrime Minister of Albania (1928–1930 & 1936–1939)1946Crimes against humanity
Béla Imrédy HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1938–1939)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Ion Antonescu RomaniaPrime Minister of Romania (1940–1944)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Ioannis Rallis GreecePrime Minister of Greece (1943–1944)1946Crimes against humanity and Treason
Konstantinos Logothetopoulos GreecePrime Minister of Greece (1943–1944)1946Crimes against humanity and Treason
Arthur Seyss-Inquart Nazi GermanyChancellor of Austria (1938) & Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands (1940–1945)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
László Bárdossy HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1942)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Karl Dönitz Nazi GermanyPresident of the German Reich (1945)1946Crimes against humanity
Johan Wilhelm Rangell FinlandPrime Minister of Finland (1941–1943)1946Crimes against humanity
Edwin Linkomies FinlandPrime Minister of Finland (1943–1944)1946Crimes against humanity
Konstantin von Neurath Nazi GermanyProtector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943)1946Crimes against humanity
Jan Syrový CzechoslovakiaPrime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938)1945Treason
Rudolf Beran CzechoslovakiaPrime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939)		1941 & 1945Treason
Emil Hácha CzechoslovakiaPresident of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945)		1945Treason
Alois Eliáš Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaPrime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1941)1941Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Jaroslav Krejčí Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaPrime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1941–1945)1945Treason
Richard Bienert Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaPrime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1945)1945Treason
Vojtech Tuka SlovakiaPrime Minister of the Slovak Republic (1939–1944)1946Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Jozef Tiso SlovakiaPresident of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945)1947Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Hinrich Lohse Nazi GermanyReichskommissar for the Ostland (1941–1944)
Oberpräsident of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein (1933–1945)
Gauleiter of Gau Schleswig-Holstein (1925–1945)		1948Crimes against humanity
Erich Koch Nazi GermanyGauleiter of Gau East Prussia (1928–1945), Oberpräsident of East Prussia (1933–1945)
Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941–1944)
Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1944–1945)		1950Crimes against humanity
Eggert Reeder Nazi GermanyAdministrator of Belgium and Northern France (1940–1944)1951Crimes against humanity
Alexander von Falkenhausen Nazi GermanyGovernor of Belgium and Northern France (1940–1944)1951Crimes against humanity
Konstantin Päts EstoniaPresident of Estonia (1938–1940)1952Anti-Soviet agitation
Imre Nagy HungaryPrime Minister of Hungary (1953–1955 & 1956)1958Overthrown
(Executed by hanging)
Zoltán Tildy HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946) & President of Hungary1958Overthrown
Georgios Zoitakis GreeceRegent of Greece (1967–1972)1974Treason and Insurrection
Georgios Papadopoulos GreecePresident of Greece (1973) & Prime Minister of Greece (1967–1973)1974Treason and Insurrection
Wojciech Jaruzelski PolandPresident of Poland (1981–1989)1989Treason and Corruption
Nicolae Ceaușescu RomaniaPresident of Romania (1974–1989)1989Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Todor Zhivkov BulgariaGeneral Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)1990Overthrown[142]
Egon Krenz East GermanyChairman of the State Council (1989)1990Manslaughter[143]
Erich Honecker East GermanyGeneral Secretary of East Germany (1971–1989)1992Manslaughter[144]
Adil Çarçani AlbaniaPrime Minister of Albania (1981–1991)1994Abuse of office[145][146]
Biljana Plavšić Republika SrpskaPresident of Republika Srpska (1996–1998)2003Crimes against humanity[147]
Milan Babić Republic of Serbian KrajinaPresident of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1995)		2004Crimes against humanity[148]
Pavlo Lazarenko UkrainePrime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997)2004Fraud[149]
Momčilo Krajišnik Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998)2006Crimes against humanity[150]
Ramiz Alia AlbaniaPresident of Albania (1991–1992)2006Murder[151]
Milan Martić Republic of Serbian KrajinaPresident of Republic of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995)2007Crimes against humanity[152]
Vlado Bučkovski Republic of MacedoniaPrime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2006)2008Corruption[153]
Nikola Šainović SerbiaPrime Minister of Serbia (1993–1994) & Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia (1994–2000)2009Crimes against humanity[154]
Yulia Tymoshenko UkrainePrime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010)2011Corruption[155]
Jacques Chirac FrancePrime Minister of France (1974–1976 & 1986–1988) & President of France (1995–2007)2011Corruption[156]
José Sócrates PortugalPrime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011)2014Corruption[157]
Vano Merabishvili GeorgiaPrime Minister of Georgia (2012)2014Corruption[158]
Adrian Năstase RomaniaPrime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)2014Bribery[159]
Svetozar Marović Serbia and MontenegroPresident of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)2016Corruption[160]
Vlad Filat MoldovaPrime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013)2016Corruption[161]
Radovan Karadžić Republika SrpskaPresident of Republika Srpska (1992–1996)2016Crimes against humanity[162]
Robert Kocharyan ArmeniaPresident of Armenia (1998–2008)2018Corruption[163]
Ivo Sanader CroatiaPrime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009)2018Corruption[164]
Mykola Azarov UkrainePrime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014)2019Treason[165]
Viktor Yanukovych UkrainePresident of Ukraine (2010–2014)2019Treason[165]
Serzh Sargsyan ArmeniaPresident of Armenia (2008–2018)2020Corruption[166]
François Fillon FrancePrime Minister of France (2007–2012)2020Fraud[167]
Nicolas Sarkozy FrancePresident of France (2007–2012)2021Bribery[168][169]
Mikheil Saakashvili GeorgiaPresident of Georgia (2004–2007 & 2008–2013)2021[170]Abuse of power[171]
Nikola Gruevski North MacedoniaPrime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2006–2016)2022Money laundering[172]
Igor Dodon MoldovaPresident of Moldova (2016–2020)2022Corruption and Treason[173]
Fadil Novalić Bosnia and HerzegovinaPrime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2015–2023)2023Corruption[174]
Sebastian Kurz AustriaChancellor of Austria (2017–2019, 2020-2021)2024Perjury[175]
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North America

More information Portrait, Name ...
PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater
imprisonment		Reason
José Damián Villacorta El SalvadorHead of State of El Salvador (1830)1832Overthrown[176]
Jefferson Davis United StatesPresident of the Confederate States of America (1862–1865)1865Treason[177]
Gerardo Barrios El SalvadorPresident of El Salvador (1858, 1859–1860, 1861–1863)1865Overthrown[178]
Maximilian I of Mexico Mexico Emperor of Mexico (1864-1867) 1867 Conspiring to overthrow the government (executed by firing squad)
Francisco I. Madero Mexico President of Mexico (1911–1913) 1913 Overthrown (executed by firing squad)
Oreste Zamor HaitiPresident of Haiti (1914)1915Illegal entry[179]
Élie Lescot HaitiPresident of Haiti (1941–1946)1946Overthrown[180]
Salvador Castaneda Castro El SalvadorPresident of El Salvador (1945–1948)1948Overthrown, corruption[181]
Franck Sylvain HaitiPresident of Haiti (1957)1957Overthrown[182]
Maurice Bishop GrenadaPrime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983)1983Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[183]
Norman Saunders Turks and Caicos IslandsChief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985)1985Drug smuggling[184]
Bernard Coard GrenadaPrime Minister of Grenada (1983)1986Murder[185]
Salvador Jorge Blanco Dominican RepublicPresident of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986)1988Corruption[186]
Manuel Noriega PanamaPresident of Panama (1983–1989)1989Drug trafficking
Prosper Avril HaitiPresident of Haiti (1988–1990)2001Conspiracy, murder[187]
Arnoldo Alemán NicaraguaPresident of Nicaragua (1997–2002)2003Corruption[188]
Basdeo Panday Trinidad and TobagoPrime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)2006Fraud[189]
Manuel Zelaya HondurasPresident of Honduras (2006–2009)2009Overthrown
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier Costa RicaPresident of Costa Rica (1990–1994)2009Corruption[190]
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Costa RicaPresident of Costa Rica (1998–2002)2011Corruption[191]
Ernesto Pérez Balladares PanamaPresident of Panama (1994-1999)2012Money laundering[192]
McKeeva Bush Cayman IslandsPremier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012)2012Corruption[193]
Jean-Claude Duvalier HaitiPresident of Haiti (1971–1986)2013Corruption[194]
Efraín Ríos Montt GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (1982–1983)2014Crimes against humanity[195]
Alfonso Portillo GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (2000–2004)2014Bribery[196]
Otto Pérez Molina GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (2010–2015)2015Corruption[197]
Gerrit Schotte CuraçaoPrime Minister of Curacao (2010–2012)2016Bribery[198]
David Brandt MontserratChief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001)2015Child sex abuse[199]
Álvaro Colom GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (2008–2012)2018Corruption[200]
Antonio Saca El SalvadorPresident of El Salvador (2004–2009)2018Corruption[201]
Michael Misick Turks and Caicos IslandsChief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2006)
Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2006–2009)		2019Fraud[202]
Juan Orlando Hernández HondurasPresident of Honduras (2014–2022)2022Drug trafficking[203]
Andrew Fahie British Virgin IslandsPremier of the Virgin Islands (2019–2022)2022Drug trafficking[204]
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Oceania

More information Portrait, Name ...
PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
Steve Christian Pitcairn IslandsMayor of Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)2004Child sex abuse[205]
Laisenia Qarase FijiPrime Minister of Fiji (2000–2006)2012Corruption[206]
Gaston Flosse French PolynesiaPresident of French Polynesia (1984–1987, 1991–2005, 2008 & 2013–2014)2013Corruption[207]
Mahendra Chaudhry FijiPrime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000)2014Fraud[208]
Moana Carcasses Kalosil VanuatuPrime Minister of Vanuatu (2013–2014)2015Bribery[209]
Serge Vohor VanuatuPrime Minister of Vanuatu (1995–1998, 2004, 2009 & 2011)2015Bribery[210]
Mike Warren Pitcairn IslandsMayor of Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013)2016Child sex abuse[211]
Oscar Temaru French PolynesiaPresident of French Polynesia (2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009 & 2011–2013)2019Fraud[212]
Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō TongaPrime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014)2020Bribery[213]
Frank Bainimarama FijiPrime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022)2023Abuse of Office[214]
Peter O'Neill Papua New GuineaPrime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011–2019)2023Abuse of Office[215]
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South America

More information Portrait, Name ...
PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
Diogo Mendonça Furtado Governorate General of Brazil Governor General of Brazil 1624 Overthrown
José María Vargas Venezuela President of Venezuela (1835–1836) 1835 Overthrown. Briefly put into house arrest during the Revolution of the Reforms[216]
José Antonio Páez Venezuela President of Venezuela (1830–1835) 1849 Prisoner of war
José Gregorio Monagas Venezuela President of Venezuela (1851–1855) 1858 March Revolution[217]
Julián Castro Venezuela President of Venezuela (1858–1859) 1859 Overthrown[218]
Washington Luís Brazil President of Brazil (1926–1930) 1930 Overthrown[219][220][221]
Isaías Medina Angarita Venezuela President of Venezuela (1941–1945) 1945 Overthrown[222]
Rómulo Gallegos Venezuela President of Venezuela (1948) 1948 Overthrown
Café Filho Brazil President of Brazil (1954–1955) 1955 Attempted coup[223][224][225]
Marcos Pérez Jiménez Venezuela President of Venezuela (1953–1958) 1963 Corruption[226]
João Goulart Brazil President of Brazil (1961–1964) 1964 Overthrown
Isabel Perón Argentina President of Argentina (1974–1976) 1976 Overthrown
Henck Arron SurinamePrime Minister of Suriname (1975–1980)1980Overthrown[227]
Roberto Eduardo Viola ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1981)1983Murder[228]
Leopoldo Galtieri ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1981–1982)1986Mishandling of the Falklands War[229]
Luis García Meza BoliviaPresident of Bolivia (1980–1981)1995Crimes against humanity[230]
Carlos Andrés Pérez Venezuela President of Venezuela (1974–1979, 1989–1993) 1996 Corruption
Augusto Pinochet ChilePresident of Chile (1974–1990)1998Crimes against humanity
Fabián Alarcón EcuadorPresident of Ecuador (1997–1998)1999Fraud[231]
Hugo Chávez Venezuela President of Venezuela (1999–2002, 2002–2013) 2002 Attempted coup
Errol Alibux SurinamePrime Minister of Suriname (1983–1984)2003Forgery[232][non-primary source needed]
Luis Ángel González Macchi ParaguayPresident of Paraguay (1999–2003)2006Corruption[233]
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez UruguayPresident of Uruguay (1981–1985)2007Crimes against humanity[234]
Alberto Fujimori PeruPresident of Peru (1990–2000)2009Corruption and human rights violations[235]
Reynaldo Bignone ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1982–1983)2010Murder[236]
Jorge Rafael Videla ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1976–1981)2010Murder[237]
Juan María Bordaberry UruguayPresident of Uruguay (1972–1976)2010Crimes against humanity[238]
Jamil Mahuad EcuadorPresident of Ecuador (1998–2000)2014Corruption[239]
Ollanta Humala PeruPresident of Peru (2011–2016)2017Corruption[240]
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva BrazilPresident of Brazil (2003–2010 & 2023–present)2018Corruption[241]
Alejandro Toledo PeruPresident of Peru (2001–2006)2019Corruption[242]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski PeruPresident of Peru (2016–2018)2019Corruption[243]
Michel Temer BrazilPresident of Brazil (2016–2018)2019Corruption and money laundering[244]
Álvaro Uribe ColombiaPresident of Colombia (2002–2010)2020Bribery and witness tampering[245]
Jeanine Áñez BoliviaPresident of Bolivia (2019–2020)2021Breach of duties[246]
Dési Bouterse SurinamePresident of Suriname (2010–2020) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1987)2022Murder[247]
Pedro Castillo PeruPresident of Peru (2021–2022)2022Treason, rebellion, and corruption[248]
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (2007–2015), Vice President of Argentina (2019–2023)2022Fraud[249][250]
Fernando Collor BrazilPresident of Brazil (1990-1992)2025Corruption[251]
 Jair Bolsonaro Brazil President of Brazil (2019-2023) 2025 Violation of judicial precautionary measures before his trial for attempted coup d'état. After his conviction, the provisional detention was converted into definitive imprisonment[252][253][254]
Luis Arce  Bolivia President of Bolivia (2020-2025) 2025 Corruption.[255]
 Nicolás Maduro  Venezuela President of Venezuela (2013-2026) 2026 Captured by U.S. forces in January 2026 and taken to New York to face federal charges of drug trafficking and narco-terrorism, in a military operation that also overthrew his government in Caracas.[256]
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See also

Notes

  1. [a]
    The criminal convictions are largely centered on Han's conduct while prime minister of South Korea, which is neither the head of state nor head of government. The perjury charge concerns statements Han made while also serving as the acting president.

References

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