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List of tropical cyclone records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a condensed list of worldwide tropical cyclone records set by different storms and seasons.[1]
| Colour scheme used in this table: |
|---|
| Hydrological records |
| Impact records |
| Intensity records |
| Longevity records |
| Size records |
| Velocity records |
| Miscellaneous records |
Major records
| Characteristic | Record | Date | Tropical Cyclone and/or Location | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest overall rainfall | 6,083 mm (239.5 in) | January 14, 1980 – January 28, 1980 | Cyclone Hyacinthe in Reunion Island | [2] |
| Highest storm surge | 14.5 m (47.6 ft) | March 5, 1899 | Cyclone Mahina in Bathurst Bay, Queensland, Australia | [3] |
| Highest confirmed wave heightα | 30 m (98.4 ft) | September 11, 1995 | Hurricane Luis on Queen Elizabeth 2 in the north Atlantic Ocean | [4] |
| Costliest tropical cyclone | $125 billion (2005 and 2017 USD) in damages | August 29, 2005 August 25, 2017 | Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey in the northern Gulf Coast of the United States | [5] |
| Costliest tropical cyclone season | ≥$294.803 billion (2017 USD) in damages during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season | April 19, 2017 – November 9, 2017 | North Atlantic Ocean | [6] |
| Deadliest tropical cyclone | c. 500,000+ fatalities | November 12, 1970 | Bhola cyclone in East Pakistan | [7][8] |
| Deadliest tropical cyclone season | 500,805+ fatalities during the 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | May 2, 1970 – November 29, 1970 | North Indian Ocean | [9] |
| Most tornadoes formed | 120 confirmed tornadoes | September 15, 2004 – September 18, 2004 | Hurricane Ivan in the southern and eastern United States | [10] |
| Highest wind gusts | 113.4 m/s (254 mph; 220.4 kn; 408 km/h) | April 10, 1996 | Cyclone Olivia in Barrow Island, Western Australia | [11] |
| Highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for a tropical cyclone | 85 | August 24, 2006 – September 2, 2006 | Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean | [12] |
| Highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for a season | 570 during the 1997 Pacific typhoon season | January 19, 1997 – December 23, 1997 | Northwest Pacific Ocean | [13] |
| Highest number of rapid intensification cycles for a tropical cyclone | 6 | February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023 | Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean | [14] |
| Most intense (1-minute maximum sustained surface winds)β | 96.2 m/s (215 mph; 187.0 kn; 346 km/h) | October 23, 2015 | Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean | [15] |
| Most intense (10-minute maximum sustained winds) | 78.2 m/s (175 mph; 152.0 kn; 282 km/h) | February 20, 2016 | Cyclone Winston in the south Pacific Ocean | [16] |
| Most intense (lowest central pressure) | 870 mb (870.0 hPa; 25.7 inHg) | October 12, 1979 | Typhoon Tip in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [17][18] |
| Most intense at landfall (1-minute maximum sustained winds) | 87.2 m/s (195 mph; 169.5 kn; 314 km/h) | November 1, 2020 | Typhoon Goni in Catanduanes, Philippines | [19] |
| Most intense at landfall (10-minute maximum sustained winds) | 78.2 m/s (175 mph; 152.0 kn; 282 km/h) | February 20, 2016 | Cyclone Winston in Viti Levu, Fiji. | [16] |
| Most intense at landfall (pressure) | 884 mb (884.0 hPa; 26.1 inHg) | February 20, 2016 | Cyclone Winston in Viti Levu, Fiji. | [16] |
| Longest lasting tropical cyclone | 36 days | February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023 | Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean | [20] |
| Longest distance traveled by a tropical cyclone | 13,180 km (8,190 mi) | August 11, 1994 – September 13, 1994 | Hurricane/Typhoon John in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean | [21][22] |
| Longest lasting Category 4 or 5 winds | 8.25 consecutive days | August 24, 2006 – September 2, 2006 | Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean | [23] |
| Longest lasting Category 5 windsβ | 5.50 consecutive days | September 9, 1961 – September 14, 1961 | Typhoon Nancy in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [24] |
| Largest tropical cyclone (radius of winds from center) | Gale winds 17.5 m/s (40 mph; 35 kn; 65 km/h) extending 1,086 km (675 mi) from center | October 12, 1979 | Typhoon Tip in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [17][25] |
| Smallest tropical cyclone (radius of winds from center) | Gale winds 17.5 m/s (40 mph; 35 kn; 65 km/h) extending 18.5 km (11.5 mi) from center | October 7, 2008 | Tropical Storm Marco in the Bay of Campeche | [26] |
| Largest eye | 370 km (230 mi) | August 20, 1960 August 17, 1997 | Typhoon Carmen and Typhoon Winnie in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [27][28] |
| Smallest eye | 3.7 km (2.3 mi) | October 19, 2005 | Hurricane Wilma in the Caribbean Sea | [29] |
| Fastest intensification (1-minute sustained surface winds) | 54 m/s (120 mph; 105 kn; 195 km/h), from 38 m/s (85 mph; 75 kn; 135 km/h) to 91.6 m/s (205 mph; 180 kn; 330 km/h) in under 24 h | October 22, 2015 – October 23, 2015 | Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean | [15] |
| Fastest intensification (pressure) | 100 mb (100 hPa), from 976 mb (976.0 hPa; 28.8 inHg) to 876 mb (876.0 hPa; 25.9 inHg) in under 24 h | September 22, 1983 – September 23, 1983 | Typhoon Forrest in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [30] |
| Fastest seafloor current produced by a tropical cyclone | 2.25 m/s (5 mph; 5 kn; 10 km/h) | September 16, 2004 | Hurricane Ivan in the north Atlantic Ocean | [31][32] |
| Fastest updraft produced in a tropical cyclone | 27.4 m/s (60 mph; 55 kn; 100 km/h) | October 23, 2015 | Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean | [33] |
| Highest forward speed | 31.18 m/s (70 mph; 60 kn; 110 km/h) | September 15, 1961 | Tropical Storm Six in the north Atlantic Ocean | [34] |
| Closest proximity to the equator | 1.4° N | December 26, 2001 | Tropical Storm Vamei in the South China Sea | [35] |
| Heaviest natural object moved by a tropical cyclone | 160,572 kg (177 short tons) | November 8, 2013 | Typhoon Haiyan in Samar, Philippines | [36] |
| Highest number of tropical storms in a season | 39 official storms during the 1964 Pacific typhoon season | May 12, 1964 – December 17, 1964 | Northwest Pacific Ocean | [37] |
| Warmest eye | 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) at 700 hPa height | August 19, 1979 | Typhoon Judy in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [38] |
| Coldest cloud tops produced by a tropical cyclone | −109.35 °C (−164.83 °F) | November 30, 2019 | Typhoon Kammuri over the Philippine Sea | [39] |
See also
Notes
- ^α Although Luis produced the highest confirmed wave height for a tropical cyclone, it is possible that Hurricane Ivan produced a wave measuring 131 feet (40 m).[40]
- ^β JTWC's best track has Typhoon Nancy's sustained winds as high as Hurricane Patricia's. However, the JTWC considers reconnaissance aircraft to have overestimated wind speeds in tropical cyclones from the 1940s to the 1960s, and data from this time period is unreliable.[41]