The institution of primogeniture in the House of Dietrichstein forbade Maximilian Andreas to inherit a substantial part of the family heritage. On 18 January 1663, he married with Maria Justina (20 February 1647 – 21 April 1696), a daughter of Edmund III of Schwarzenberg, Seigneur de Bierset, d'Hierges, de Champlon and Countess Marie d'Arschot de Riviere. They had twelve children, of whom five survived to adulthood:
- Theresia Anna (2 February 1668 – c. 1668)
- Adrian Karl (31 August 1670 – 1722?)
- A daughter (born and died c. July 1671)
- Helene Regina (18 August 1672 – 13 March 1674)
- Eleonore Barbara (12 June 1674 – February 1679)
- Michael Frederick (15 October 1676 – 3 September 1678).
- Aemilian Balthasar Johann Lorenz (8 August 1678 – 15 June 1756), married in to 1719 Baroness Johanna Barbara of Regal. No issue.
- Julian Wilhelm (23 May 1680 – 5 March 1713/15)
- Ambrosius Ferdinand Franz Xaver (7 December 1682 – 1734), jesuit, Canon in Olomouc
- Innocenz Simbertus (13 October 1684 – k.a. 7 February 1707)
- Johann Moritz Felix (born and died 24 October 1685)
- Andreas Jakob (27 May 1689 – 5 January 1753), Archbishop of Salzburg (10 September 1747)
Having settled in Prague shortly after his marriage, Maximilian Andreas died there aged 54.