Voiceless bilabial nasal
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨m̥⟩ in IPA
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A voiceless bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨m̥⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced bilabial nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness.
| Voiceless bilabial nasal | |
|---|---|
| m̥ | |
| IPA number | 114+402A |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | m_0 |
| Braille |    |
Features
Features of a voiceless bilabial nasal:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is a nasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the median–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleut[1] | quhmax̂ | [qum̥aχ] | 'white' | Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word. | |
| Alutiiq | keghmarluku | [kəɡm̥aχluku] | 'bite it repeatedly' | Contrasts with voiced /m/. | |
| Burmese[2] | မှား/hma: | [m̥á] | 'false' | ||
| Central Alaskan Yup'ik[3] | pisteḿun | [ˈpistəm̥un] | 'to the servant' | ||
| English | RP[4] | stop me | [ˈstɒp͡m̥ mɪ] | stop me | |
| Estonian[5] | lehm | [ˈlehm̥] | 'cow' | Word-final allophone of /m/ after /t, s, h/.[5] See Estonian phonology | |
| French | prisme | [pχism̥] | 'prism' | Allophone of word-final /m/ after voiceless consonants.[6] See French phonology | |
| Hmong | White Hmong | 𖬌𖬣𖬵 / Hmoob | [m̥ɔ̃́] | 'Hmong' | Contrasts with voiced /m/. In Green Mong, it has merged with /m/.[7] |
| Icelandic | kempa | [cʰɛm̥pa] | 'hero' | Allophonic variation of /m/ aspirated plosives. Minimally contrastive with /m/ before voiced plosives: kemba [cʰɛmpa] 'to comb'.[8] See Icelandic phonology | |
| Jalapa Mazatec[9] | hma | [m̥a] | 'black' | Contrasts with a voiced and a laryngealized bilabial nasal. | |
| Kildin Sami[10] | лēӎӎьк/ljeehmhmk | [lʲeːm̥ʲːk] | 'strap' | ||
| Muscogee | camhcá:ka | [t͡ʃəm̥t͡ʃɑːɡə] | 'bell' | Allophone of /m/ before /h/ when in the same syllable.[11] | |
| Northern Sámi | čáihmi | [ˈt͡ʃaːjːm̥iː] | 'freckle' | ||
| Ukrainian[12] | ритм/rytm | [rɪt̪m̥] | 'rhythm' | Word-final allophone of /m/ after voiceless consonants.[12] See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Washo[13] | Mášdɨmmi | [ˈm̥aʃdɨmmi] | 'he's hiding' | ||
| Welsh[14] | fy mhen | [və m̥ɛn] | 'my head' | Occurs as the nasal mutation of /p/. See Welsh phonology | |
| Xumi | Lower[15] | [m̥ɛ̃˦] | 'medicine' | Contrasts with the voiced /m/.[15][16] | |
| Upper[16] | |||||
| Yi[17] | ꂓ hmi | [m̥i] | 'name' | ||