Voiceless dental and alveolar nasals
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨n̥⟩ in IPA
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A voiceless alveolar nasal is a type of consonant in some languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent the sound are ⟨n̥⟩ and ⟨n̊⟩, combinations of the letter for the voiced alveolar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness above or below the letter.
IPA number116+402A
X-SAMPA
n_0| Voiceless alveolar nasal | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| n̥ | |||
| IPA number | 116+402A | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| X-SAMPA | n_0 | ||
| |||
Features
Features of a voiceless alveolar nasal:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
- There are four specific variants of [n̥]:
- Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
- Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is a nasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Dental or denti-alveolar
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleut | uhngix | [un̥ɣix] | 'older sister (of a male)' | Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word. | |
| Alutiiq | pat'shnarluni | [pat.sn̥aχluni] | '(weather) is cold' | Contrasts with voiced /n/. | |
| Burmese[1] | နှစ်/hnac | [n̥ɪʔ] | 'two' | ||
| Central Alaskan Yup'ik[2] | ceńa | [t͡səˈn̥a] | 'edge' | ||
| English | RP | chutney | [ˈt̠ʃʌˈt͡n̥ːɪ] | chutney | [3] |
| cotton | [ˈkɒˈtn̥̍] | cotton | |||
| Some dialects | knee | [n̥iː] | knee | Occurs in several dialects. Realization of /n/. | |
| Estonian[4] | lasn | [ˈlɑsn̥] | 'wooden peel' | Word-final allophone of /n/ after /t, s, h/.[4] See Estonian phonology | |
| Hmong | White Hmong | 𖬆𖬰𖬩 / hnub | [n̥u˥] | 'day' | Contrasts with voiced /n/. In Green Mong, it has merged with /n/.[5] |
| Icelandic[6] | hnífur | [ˈn̥iːvʏr̥] | 'knife' | See Icelandic phonology | |
| Jalapa Mazatec[7] | hne | [n̥ɛ] | 'falls' | Contrasts with a voiced and a laryngealized alveolar nasal. | |
| Kildin Sami[8] | чоӊтэ/čohnte | [t͡ʃɔn̥te] | 'to turn' | ||
| Northern Sámi | váhnen | [ˈvaːn̥en] | 'parent' | ||
| Polish | kupn | [ˈkupn̥] | 'purchase, acquisition' (genitive plural) | Word-final allophone of /n/ after voiceless consonants. See Polish phonology | |
| Welsh[9] | fy nhad | [və n̥aːd] | 'my father' | Occurs as the nasal mutation of /t/. See Welsh phonology | |
| Xumi | Lower[10] | [n̥ɑ̃˦] | 'fur, animal hair' | Contrasts with the voiced /n/.[10][11] | |
| Upper[11] | [n̥ɔ̃˦] | ||||
Post-alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faroese[12][13] | einki / onki | [ˈɔn̠̊t͡ʃɪ] | 'nothing' | See Faroese phonology | |