Palo Duro Canyon paintings of O'Keeffe

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Red Landscape, oil on board, 1916–1917, Panhandle–Plains Historical Museum, West Texas A&M University
No. 20 Special, oil on board, 17+38 in × 13+12 in (44 cm × 34 cm), 1916–1917, Milwaukee Art Museum
No. 22 - Special, oil on board, 1916–1917, Georgia O'Keeffe Museum
Canyon with Crows, watercolor and graphite on paper, 8+34 in × 12 in (22 cm × 30 cm), 1917, Georgia O'Keeffe Museum

Georgia O'Keeffe made a set of paintings of Palo Duro Canyon while working as a department head and art instructor at West Texas State Normal College. The vibrant paintings reflect her development as an Abstract Expressionist, influenced by Arthur Wesley Dow.

While working at West Texas State Normal College between 1916 and 1918, O'Keeffe lived in Canyon, Texas and often visited Palo Duro Canyon, which became a source of inspiration for her paintings that helped her develop as an abstract artist.[1] She made 51 watercolors while living in Canyon. Carolyn Kastner, curator of "Georgia O'Keeffe’s Far Wide Texas", states that "she was at the peak of her commitment to abstraction" at that time.[2]

Georgia O'Keeffe and friends at the Palo Duro Club, at the head of Palo Duro Canyon, perhaps between 1912 and 1913, when she first went to Texas, or between 1916 and 1918.[3]

Now a state park, it is the second largest canyon in the United States and is called the "Grand Canyon of Texas".[4][5] The canyon is 800 feet (240 m) deep, up to 20 miles (32 km) wide, and 120 miles (190 km) long.[4] Within the canyon are rock formations, giant boulders, and hoodoos. There are also multicolored layers of white gypsum, bright red claystone, and lavender, gray, yellow ochre mudstone. She had said that this time in Texas was highly creative, one where she felt the freedom to explore her feelings and different forms.[1]

O'Keeffe traveled to Palo Duro Canyon, 12 miles (19 km) from Canyon, with friends, on farmer's hay wagons,[1] or by walking the distance.[4]

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