Growth hormone 2

Growth hormone 2 (GH2), also known more commonly as placental growth hormone (PGH) or growth hormone variant (GH-V), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GH2 gene.^[5][6] It is produced by and secreted from the placenta during pregnancy, and becomes the predominant form of growth hormone (GH) in the body during this time.^[7][8] Its cogener is growth hormone 1 (GH1), or pituitary growth hormone.

AliasesGH2, GH-V, GHL, GHV, hGH-V, GHB2, Growth hormone 2

External IDsOMIM: 139240; MGI: 95707; GeneCards: GH2

Chr.Chromosome 17 (human)^[1]

End63,881,944 bp^[1]

Quick facts GH2, Identifiers ...

GH2
Identifiers
Aliases	GH2, GH-V, GHL, GHV, hGH-V, GHB2, Growth hormone 2
External IDs	OMIM: 139240; MGI: 95707; GeneCards: GH2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17q23.3 Start 63,880,215 bp[1] End 63,881,944 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11 E1|11 68.89 cM Start 106,191,097 bp[2] End 106,192,691 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in placenta pituitary gland anterior pituitary decidua muscle tissue smooth muscle tissue metanephros renal cortex subdivision of respiratory system muscle Top expressed in pituitary gland morula anterior pituitary entorhinal cortex perirhinal cortex fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell Epithelium of choroid plexus epithelium of small intestine nucleus of stria terminalis choroid plexus of fourth ventricle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone activity growth hormone receptor binding growth factor activity Cellular component extracellular region endosome lumen extracellular space Biological process growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT regulation of signaling receptor activity response to nutrient levels positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein positive regulation of growth positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT animal organ development positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation growth hormone receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA: entry Species Human Mouse Entrez 2689 14599 Ensembl ENSG00000136487 ENSMUSG00000020713 UniProt P01242 P06880 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_022558 NM_002059 NM_022556 NM_022557 NM_008117 RefSeq (protein) NP_002050 NP_072050 NP_072051 NP_072052 NP_032143 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 63.88 – 63.88 Mb Chr 11: 106.19 – 106.19 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones, playing an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17, where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation, an arrangement that is thought to have evolved through a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and the potential for specialization. As in the case of its pituitary counterpart, growth hormone 1, the predominant isoform of this particular family member shows similar somatogenic activity with reduced lactogenic activity. Mutations in this gene lead to placental growth hormone/lactogen deficiency.^[6]