List of political parties in Mongolia

This article lists political parties in Mongolia. Mongolia has had a multi-party system since the 1990 Democratic Revolution. Prior to the democratic transition, the country was a one-party state throughout the 20th century. Mongolian politics is currently dominated by two major political parties: the Mongolian People's Party, established in 1921, and the Democratic Party, established in 2000 but dates its roots back to 1990.^[1][2]

According to the Law on Political Parties, first passed in 1990, then revised in 2005 and later in 2023,^[3] a political party is considered as a union of Mongolian citizens who have consolidated voluntarily with the purpose of organizing social, personal, and political activities as stated in the Constitution of Mongolia. Political parties must be registered by the Supreme Court of Mongolia.^[4]

The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) – known as the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) between 1924 and 2010 – governed the country from 1921 to 1996 (in a socialist one-party system until 1990). After the 1990 revolution and the fall of the Soviet Union, the then-ruling MPRP transitioned into a democratic socialist party and maintained a high level of nationwide support, especially among rural voters. The party was out of power for the first time in 1996, when the opposition Democratic Union Coalition was elected with an overwhelming majority in the State Great Khural. However, after many political crises and unpopularity, the coalition lost much of its seats to the MPRP in 2000. Subsequently, the centre-right Democratic Party (DP) was founded in 2000 through the merger of five parties and became the primary opposition to the MPRP up until 2004, when it became an almost-equal coalition partner to the MPRP. The DP became the dominant political force between 2012 to 2016, when it held the presidency, prime ministership, and speakership.

In late 2010, the MPRP changed its name to the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) along with an ideological shift towards social democracy; however, former president Nambaryn Enkhbayar's faction and other conservative members departed from the party and created a new party taking the original name, Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The splinter MPRP became the primary third-party force from 2010 to 2021, when it merged with the MPP during its 100th year anniversary.

The now-renamed MPP won a landslide victory in the 2016 election and another one in the 2020 election. In late 2018, a major corruption scandal involving SMEs occurred along with an alleged conspiracy of a duopoly amplified by social media. Consequently, mass anti-government protests erupted, which led to a significant increase in public distrust for the political establishment. The Right Person Electorate Coalition, led by the National Labour Party (NLP), won several seats both in the State Great Khural and municipal councils. In the 2021 presidential election, the NLP candidate received 21% of the vote, outperforming the Democratic candidate, who won 9%. The NLP changed its name to the HUN Party in 2022.

Electoral reforms in 2023 allowed minor parties to be more represented in parliament via proportional representation. Consequently, the MPP's parliamentary supermajority was reduced to a slim majority in the 2024 elections, allowing the DP and three other parties to make up almost half of the now-expanded State Great Khural.^[5] The current ninth legislature of the State Great Khural has been the most politically diverse and the first five-party parliament to be ever convened in Mongolia.^[6]

As of 22 August 2026, there are 30 political parties officially registered by the Supreme Court.^[1][7] However, critics argue that there are no significant ideological differences between the political parties on issues such as economic policies and governance.^[8][9][10]