List of active separatist movements in Europe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession.[1][2][3]
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Azerbaijan
- Ethnic group: Lezgins
- Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for
Lezgistan or unification with 
Dagestan - Political organisation:
Sadval movement, 
Artsakh Republic[4]
- Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for
Denmark
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- People: Faroese
- Proposed state:
Faroe Islands[5][6] or autonomy[7]
- Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
- Proposed state:
- People: Danes of Bornholm
- Proposed state:
Bornholm or autonomy.
- Advocacy groups: Bornholmer Party
- Proposed state:
France
- Secessionist movements
French Basque Country/
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
- People: Basque
- Proposed state: unification with the
Basque Country and 
Navarre – Euskal Herria[8][9][10] as an independent state or autonomy.[11]
- Political parties: Euskal Herria Bai, Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party).
- Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth advocacy groups: Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
- Militant organisations: Irrintzi
- Proposed state: unification with the
Etat Pied-Noir
Historic Brittany, comprising Brittany (administrative region) and 
Loire-Atlantique
- People: Bretons
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
Brittany[16]
- Advocacy groups: Celtic League[17]
- Political parties: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann, Brittany Movement and Progress, Young Bretons Movement
- Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB)
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
- People: Corsicans
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
Corsica[18][16]
- Political party: Corsica Libera, Pè a Corsica, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)
- Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
- People: Flemings
- Proposed state:
French Flanders, Pale of Calais and Audomarois and re-unification with West Flanders, East Flanders, Tournaisis and Zeelandic Flanders into an independent Flemish state, unification with the 
Netherlands (separatist) or 
Belgium (autonomist)[19][20]
- Political party: Flemish movement
- Proposed state:
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- People: Provençals (Occitans)
- Proposed state:
Provence or autonomy
- Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença[21]
- Political party: Prouvènço Nacioun[22]
- Proposed state:
Northern Catalonia/Pyrénées-Orientales
- People: Catalans
- Proposed state or autonomous region: reunification with
Catalonia or the 
Catalan Countries as an independent state, or autonomy (which includes separation from the region of Occitania)
- Political parties: Esquerra Republicana–Catalunya del Nord,[23] Oui au Pays Catalan (autonomist),[24] Popular Unity Candidacy, Catalan Unity[25]
- Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència,[26] Òmnium Catalunya Nord[27]
- Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord),[28] Arran
- Proposed state or autonomous region: reunification with
- Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua[29] "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."[30]
- Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato[30]
- Advocacy groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa[31][29]
- Proposed: independence for
Burgundy
- Advocacy group: le Mouvement de Libération de la Bourgogne
Georgia
Territory of the former 
Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Ethnic group: Abkhazians
- De facto state:
Abkhazia[33] (recognized by 5 UN members)
- Political organization: Government of Abkhazia
- Militant organization: Abkhazian Armed Forces
- De facto state:
Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
- People: Ossetians
- De facto state:
South Ossetia[34] (recognized by 5 UN members) - Proposition: Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia[35][36][37][38] or unification with
North Ossetia to form a united independent Ossetia
- Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
- Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia
- De facto state:
- Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
- Proposed: Autonomy for the region
Javakhk (Javakheti) or unification with 
Armenia - Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance[39][40][41]
- Proposed: Autonomy for the region
Germany
- People: Upper Saxons
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Saxony
- Political party: Free Saxony[42][43][44]
- Political party:
- Proposed autonomous area:
East Frisia
- Ethnic group: Frisians
- Political party: Die Friesen[48][49][50]
Italy
Friuli-Venezia Giulia region
- People: Friulians
- Proposed state:
Friuli
- Political parties:
- Secessionist parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan,[51] Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front,[52]
- Autonomist parties: Pact for Autonomy[52]
- Political parties:
- Proposed state:
- Proposed state:
Republic of Lombardy or autonomy.
- Political parties (autonomist): Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda[53]
- Political parties (secessionist): Pro Lombardy Independence, Lega Lombarda[54][55]
- Proposed state:
Padania[56]
- Political parties (autonomist): Lega Nord, Great North[57][58]
- Political parties (secessionist): Lega Nord (formerly),[57] Lega Padana, Padanian Union, Alpine Padanian Union
- Proposed state:
Mezzogiorno,[59][60] Meridione, Magna Graecia, or Due Sicilie[61][62]
- Political parties (autonomist):[63] We the South, Great South, Movement for Autonomy[64] Autonomy South, Force of the South and I the South,
- Political parties (secessionist): Lega Sud Ausonia[65]
- People: Sicilians
- Proposed state:
Sicily[66][56]
- Political parties (autonomist): Sicilian Socialist Party, Great Sicily,[67] Party of the Sicilians, Movement for Autonomy[64]
- Political parties (secessionist): Free Sicilians[68][69]
- Advocacy groups: Sicilian National Front,[70] Sicilia Nazione,[71] Sicilian National Liberation Movement.[72]
- Proposed state:
- Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for
South Tyrol or unification with 
Tyrol in 
Austria[73][74]
- Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen (independence), South Tyrolean Freedom (unification)
- Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua[29] "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."[30]
- Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato[30]
- Advocacy groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa[31][29]
- Ethnic group: Tuscans
- Proposed: independence or greater autonomy for
Tuscany - Political party: Tuscan Autonomist Movement, Toscano Stato[75][76][77]
- Proposed: independence or greater autonomy for
- Proposed state:
Republic of Venice or autonomy[78][79][80]
- Political parties (autonomist): Liga Veneta, Resist Veneto,[81] Veneto for Autonomy[82]
- Political parties (secessionist): Party of Venetians, Venetian Independence, We Are Veneto, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left
- youth organization: Independentist Youth
- National Liberation Movement (Self-determination): Venetian National Liberation Movement
- Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste
- Proposition: Greater autonomy for Aosta
- Political party: Valdostan Union[86][87][88]
- Ethnic group: Sardinian people
- Proposition: Greater autonomy or independence for
Sardinia.[89][90] - Advocacy groups: Canton Marittimo[91]
- Political parties: Sardinian Action Party
- Proposition: Greater autonomy or independence for
Moldova
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- Breakaway state
- People: Equal proportions of Russians, Ukrainians and Moldovans
- De facto state:
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
- Proposed state: Transnistria[92] or unification with
Russia[92]
- Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
- Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria
- Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
- Proposed state:
- De facto state:
- People: Gagauz people
- Proposed State:
Gagauz Republic
- Proposed State:
Montenegro
Netherlands
Location of Friesland
- People: Frisians, West Frisians
- Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for
West Frisia
- Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member) (Greater autonomy),[96][97] Groep fan Auwerk
- Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for
Portugal
Romania
Location of Transylvania (left) and Banat (right)
- People: Romanians, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons
- Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat[101]
- Political party: Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party[102]
- Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa,[103] Provincia,[103] Autonomy for Transylvania[104] Székely-Hungarian National Guard,[105][106][107] Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată),[108][109] League of Banat (Liga Bănățeană)[110][111]
- Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat[101]
- People: Székelys
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Székely Land or unification with 
Hungary
- Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.[112] Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.[113] Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land.[114] It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.[115]
- Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council[116]
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Russia
Secessionist movements:
Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia[117]
- People: Circassians
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Circassia
- Advocacy groups: International Circassian Association (Adygea), (former member of the UNPO), Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus, Free Nations League
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
- People: Bashkirs
- Proposed state:
Bashkortostan[118] - Militant organisation: Committee of Bashkir Resistance,[119] Bashkir Company[120]
- Advocacy groups: Bashkort movement, Bashkir National-Political Center,[121] Free Nations League
- Proposed state:
- People: Chechens
- Proposed state:
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile) - Government in exile: Ichkerian government in exile (Proposed to be recognized by UN member: Ukraine)
- Militant organisation: Chechen separatists, Ajnad al-Kavkaz, Chechen volunteers in Ukraine, Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion, Ichkerian Special Purpose Battalion, Khamzat Gelayev Detachment
- Advocacy group: Adat People's Movement, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus
- Proposed state:
- People: Dagestanis
- Proposed state:
Dagestan
- Militant organization: Imam Shamil Dagestan Battalion
- Advocacy group: Dagestani National Center,[122] Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus
- Proposed state:
- People: Ingush
- Proposed state:
Ingushetia
- Militant organisation: Ingush Liberation Army
- Advocacy group: Ingush Independence Committee, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus
- Proposed state:
- People: Russian, Baltic Prussians, Germans, Lithuanians, Poles
- Proposed state:
Baltic Republic/Prussia/Königsberg
- Advocacy groups: Kaliningrad Public Movement, Respublika Movement[124] Free Nations League
- Proposed state:
- People: Kalmyks
- Proposed state:
Kalmykia with possible unification with 
Astrakhan Oblast[125]
- Advocacy group: Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress
- Proposed state:
- People: Karelians, Vepsians, Russians, Finns, Pomors
- Proposed state:
Karelia
- Militant organisation: Karelian Group
- Advocacy groups: Karelian National Movement
- Proposed state:
- People: Cossacks,[128] Russians
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Kuban
- Advocacy movements: Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
- Militant organization: Kuban Cossack Army
- Political parties: Free Cossack Movement, Lapin, Movement for the Federalizations of Kuban, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia and Abroad, Committee for the Liberation of the Kuban
- Political organizations: Cossack Congress, Cossacks of the Kuban Rada
- Advocacy movements: Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Kingiseppsky, 
Lomonosovsky, 
Volosovsky & 
Sosnovy Bor districts of
Leningrad Oblast[129]
- People: Russians, Izhorians, Ingrians, Votes
- Proposed state:
Ingria[130]
- Advocacy groups: Free Ingria, Ingria Without Borders[131]
- Proposed state:
- People: Mari
- Proposed federal subject or state:
Mari El
- Advocacy groups: Free Idel-Ural
- Proposed federal subject or state:
- People: Erzyas
- Proposed state:
Erzyan Mastor[134]
- Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural, Erzyan Mastor
- Proposed state:
- People: Mokshas
- Proposed state:
Mokshan state
- Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural, Moksha Committee,[135] Free Nations League
- Proposed state:
North Caucasian Federal District
- People: Peoples of the Caucasus
- Proposed state:
Confederation of the Northern Caucasus, United Caucasia
- Advocacy groups: Chechen government in exile[136]
- Proposed state:
- People: Tatars
- Proposed state:
Tatarstan - Government in exile: Tatarstan government in exile[137]
- Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
- Advocacy groups: Ittifaq Party, Free Idel-ural, All-Tatar Public Center, Free Nations League
- Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
- Proposed state:
- People: Cossacks, Russians
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Cossackia, 
Don Cossack Host
- Advocacy groups: Members of the Free Nations League[138]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Udmurtia[133]
- People: Udmurts
- Proposed state:
Udmurtia
- Advocacy groups: Free Idel-Ural
- Proposed state:
- People: Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Russians, Tatars, Udmurts
- Proposed state:
Idel-Ural Republic
- Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural[139]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Nogai, Astrakhan Tatars
- Proposed state:
Nogai El or unification with Kalmykia - Advocacy group: Free Nogai El
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Komi people
- Proposed: independence for
Komi
- Proposed: independence for
- Ethnic group: Russians
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for Severia
- Advocacy group: Seversky Region Movement
- Ethnic group: Chuvash people
- Proposed: independence for
Chuvashia - Advocacy group: Irĕklĕ Chăvash En
- Proposed: independence for
- Ethnic group: Russians
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for
Kursk Oblast
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for
- Ethnic group: Russians
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for
Smolensk Oblast - Advocacy group: Smolensk Republican Center
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for
- Ethnic group: Russians
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for
Pskov Oblast
- Proposed: independence or autonomy for
North Ossetia[citation needed]
- People: Ossetians
- Proposed: independence for North Ossetia and unification with South Ossetia to form United Ossetia
- Proposed: independence for
Terek Cossack Host[citation needed]
- People: Cossacks
- Proposed: independence for
Terek Cossack Host
- Militant Group:
Terek Wolf Sotnia
- Militant Group:
- Proposed: independence for
Zalessian Rus Central Black Earth Region
- Ethnic group: Russians
- Proposed state: Black Earth Confederation
- Advocacy group: Council of Black Earth States[148]
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug[149]
- Ethnic group: Komi-Permyaks
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
Komi-Permyak
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
Russian-occupied Ukraine
Republic of Crimea and 
Sevastopol
- People: Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites, Urums, pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine
- De jure subdivisions within Ukraine:
Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 
Sevastopol - Proposed:
Crimean Tatar independence or autonomy[151] within unitary 
Ukraine[152]
- Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People, Yellow Ribbon
- Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine
- De jure subdivisions within Ukraine:
Donetsk People's Republic, 
Luhansk People's Republic (Annexed by Russia in 2022)
- People: Ukrainians, Pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine
- De jure entities within Ukraine:
Donetsk Oblast, 
Luhansk Oblast
- Proposed: reunification with Ukraine[153]
- Advocacy organisations: Yellow Ribbon
- Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine, S.R.O.K
- Proposed: reunification with
- De jure entities within Ukraine:
Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, .svg){kind=small}
Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, 
Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast,[154][155][156]
- People: Ukrainians, pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine, Crimean Tatars (Kherson Oblast)
- De jure subdivisions within Ukraine:
Zaporizhzhia Oblast, 
Kherson Oblast, 
Kharkiv Oblast
- Proposed: reunification with Ukraine[157]
- Advocacy organisations: Yellow Ribbon
- Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine, Berdiansk Partisan Army, S.R.O.K
- Proposed: reunification with
- De jure subdivisions within Ukraine:
Serbia
- Autonomist movements
- Proposal: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia
- Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina[158][159][160][161]
- People: Hungarians in Serbia
- Proposal: territorial autonomy for Hungarians in the northern part of Vojvodina[162]
- Political parties: Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, Hungarian Civic Alliance
- Proposal: territorial autonomy for Hungarians in the northern part of Vojvodina[162]
- People: Bosniaks in Serbia
- Proposal: territorial autonomy for Bosniaks in Sandžak
- Political parties: Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak, Justice and Reconciliation Party[163]
- Proposal: territorial autonomy for Bosniaks in Sandžak
- People: Albanians in Serbia
- Proposal: territorial autonomy for Albanians in the Preševo Valley[164]
- Political parties: Party for Democratic Action, Albanian Coalition of Preševo Valley[165]
- Proposal: territorial autonomy for Albanians in the Preševo Valley[164]
Slovakia
- Autonomist movements
Southern Slovakia:
- People: Hungarians
- Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,[166] or unification with Hungary
- Political parties (autonomist): Party of the Hungarian Community,[167] In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.[168]
- Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,[166] or unification with
Spain
- Secessionist movements
Basque Country (autonomous community) and 
Navarre
- People: Basques
- Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria[8]
- Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Basque Nationalist Action), Alternatiba
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Haika] (illegalised) Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak
- Proposed state:
- People: Catalans
- Proposal state:
Catalan Republic – Catalan Countries (i.e. including other Catalan-speaking areas)
- Political parties (pro-independence): Republican Left of Catalonia (33/135), Together for Catalonia, (32/135) supported by Left Movement, Popular Unity Candidacy (9/135) supported by Endavant and Poble Lliure
- Political parties (autonomist): Catalunya en Comú (8/135)
- Civil organisations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural, Association of Municipalities for Independence, Procés Constituent, Sobirania i Progrés, Committees for the Defense of the Republic, Negres Tempestes
- Trade unions: Intersindical-CSC, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical, Intersindical Alternativa de Catalunya
- Youth advocacy groups: Arran, La Forja, Jovent Republicà, Joves d'Esquerra Verda, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Joventut Comunista de Catalunya
- Proposal state:
- People: Galicians
- Proposed state:
Galiza (possibly containing Galicia irredenta territories in Asturias and Castille and León)
- Political party: Galician Nationalist Bloc (sovereigntist, EFA member), Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood (independentist, includes the Galician Popular Front), Compromiso por Galicia (centrist federalist), Terra Galega (Centrist autonomist), Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party), Abrente–Galician Democratic Left, Acción Galega, Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood, Assembleia da Mocidade Independentista
- Unions: Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG) and Central Unitaria de Traballadores (CUT)
- Youth advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, Xeira, BRIGA and Erguer-Estudantes da Galiza (students)
- Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
- Proposed state:
- People: Valencians – Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
- Proposed state:
Valencian Country or unification with Catalan Countries
- Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
- political party (Pro Catalan): Popular Unity Candidacy
- Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend Pan-Catalanism and Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (Blaverism) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.[171][172]
- Youth advocacy groups: Arran
- Student movement: AGIR
- Proposed state:
- ethnic group: Aragonese people
- Proposed state:
Aragon
- political parties (regionalist and Nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista, Puyalón de Cuchas, Aragonese Party, Estado Aragonés
- political parties (separatist): Puyalón de Cuchas, A Enrestida, Aragonese Workers' Union
- coalition: Bloque Independentista de Cuchas
- movement: Independentismo aragonés
- Proposed state:
- ethnic group: Catalan people
- proposed: Independence for the
Balearic Islands or unification with the other Catalan countries
- political parties: Balearic Anticolonialist Group, Esquerra Republicana de les Illes Balears
- political party (pro Catalan): Popular Unity Candidacy
- political parties (regionalist): People's Party of the Balearic Islands
- proposed: Independence for the
- ethnic group: Andalusian people
- proposed state:
Andalusia
- political parties (regionalist): Adelante Andalucía (2021)
- political party (separatist): Andalusian Nation
- political party (self governing): Unitarian Candidacy of Workers
- proposed state:
- ethnic group: Asturians
- proposed state:
Asturias
- political party (autonomist): Asturias Forum
- political party (nationalist): Asturian Left, Compromisu por Asturies, Conceyu Abiertu, Partíu Asturianista, Unidá, Bloc for Asturias, Conceyu Abiertu
- political party (regionalist): Asturian Renewal Union
- political party (separatist): Andecha Astur
- proposed state:
- Autonomist movements
- Proposed: extended autonomy for
Cartagena within Region of Murcia
- Political party: Movimiento Ciudadano de Cartagena
- People: Leonese
- Proposed autonomous area:
Leonese region
- Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL
- Youth movements: RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa[177]
- Proposed autonomous area:
- proposed: Breaking the Province of Granada from Andalusia as a separate autonomous community
- political party: Juntos por Granada[179]
- Proposed: making
El Bierzo into its own province
- Political party: Coalition for El Bierzo
- Proposed: autonomy for Campo de Gibraltar
Ukraine
Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol
- People: Russians in Ukraine, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites, Urums
- Proposed:
Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol independence or autonomy[151] within unitary Ukraine, or unification with Russia (pro-Russian ethnic Russians)[152]
- Proposed:
Donetsk Oblast, 
Luhansk Oblast
- People: Russians in Ukraine
- De facto entity:
Donetsk People's Republic, 
Luhansk People's Republic (Annexed by Russia in 2022)
- Political organisations: People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic
- paramilitary organisation: Russian people's militias in Ukraine
- De facto entity:
Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast[183]
- People: Russians in Ukraine
- De facto states:
Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast,
Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast
- Proposed: unification with Russia[184]
- Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava, Opposition Bloc (partially)
- Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces
- Proposed: unification with
- De facto states:
Carpathian Ruthenia[185][186][187][188]
- People: Russians in Ukraine, Hungarians in Ukraine,
Rusyns[189]
- Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary Ukraine or unification with Hungary[190][191]
- Political organisations: "Subcarpathian republican party", "Derzhava", "World Congress of Rusyns[192]", "Opposition Bloc" (partially), "Russkiy dom", "Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "Russkiy Mir Foundation", "Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations.[193][194][195][196][197][198] "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest Dimitry Sydor (now Archbishop of Uzhorod, in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate))[199][200][201][202]
- Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary
United Kingdom
- Major movements
- People: Irish, Northern Irish (Nationalists)
- Proposed state: Re-unification with
Ireland or independence[203][204]
- Political parties: Sinn Féin,[205] Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú,[206][207] People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers' Party of Ireland
- Militant organisations: RIRA, CIRA[208]
- Proposed state: Re-unification with
- People: Scots
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
Scotland
- Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member),[209] Scottish Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, Alba, Red Party of Scotland, Scotland's Independence Referendum Party, Independence for Scotland Party, Scottish Libertarian Party, parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member)
- Advocacy groups: Scottish Independence Convention (Common Weal, People's Voice, Scottish CND, Voice for Scotland, Women for Independence), Labour for Independence, Siol nan Gaidheal
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
See also: Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence
- People: Welsh
- Proposed state or autonomous region: Wales
- Political parties: Plaid Cymru (EFA member),[210] Wales Green Party,[211] Gwlad,[212] Propel
- Advocacy groups: YesCymru[213]
- Proposed state or autonomous region: Wales
- Minor movements
- People: Cornish
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
Cornwall (including the Isles of Scilly)
- Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
- Political parties: Mebyon Kernow, Cornish Nationalist Party, Green Party of England and Wales,[215] Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats[216][217]
Communist Party of Britain (Autonomy)[218]
- Proposed state or autonomous region:
- People: Northerners
- Proposed state:
Northumbria or greater autonomy within the United Kingdom.
- Advocacy group: Campaign for the North (Devo-Max)[220][221]
- Political parties: Northern Independence Party[222][223][224]
- Proposed state:
- Proposed state: Fife
- Political Party: Fife National Party
- Proposed state:
Norfolk
- Political Party: Norfolk Independence Party
- Separatist movements of dependent territories
- Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
- Proposed state:
Gibraltar
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Manx people
- Proposed state:
Isle of Man
- Political party: Mec Vannin, Isle of Man First[237]
- Proposed state:
