Politics of Shanghai
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The politics of Shanghai[1] is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders, including Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, Wu Bangguo, Huang Ju, Xi Jinping, Yu Zhengsheng, Han Zheng, and Li Qiang.
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| |
| Legislature | Shanghai Municipal People's Congress |
|---|---|
| Website | www |
| Communist Party | |
| Party | Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party |
| Secretary | Chen Jining |
| Government | |
| Executive | Municipal People's Government |
| Mayor | Gong Zheng |
| Executive Deputy Mayor | Wu Qing |
| Congress Chairperson | Huang Lixin |
| Local CPPCC Chairman | Hu Wenrong |
| Commission for Discipline Inspection Secretary | Liu Xuexin |
| Supervisory Director | Liu Xuexin |
| Court President | Liu Xiaoyun |
| Procurator General | Chen Yong |
| Military | People's Liberation Army Shanghai Garrison |
| Commander | Liu Jie |
Overview
The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, shorten as 上海市市长 ie Mayor of Shanghai Municipality) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the Mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Shanghai Municipal Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, shorten as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CCP Party Chief" in English.
Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the International Settlement was occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).
Political power in Shanghai has frequently been a stepping stone to higher positions in the central government. Since Jiang Zemin became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in June 1989, all former Shanghai party secretaries but one were elevated to the Politburo Standing Committee, the de facto highest decision-making body in China,[2] including Jiang himself (Party General Secretary),[3] Zhu Rongji (Premier),[4] Wu Bangguo (NPC Chairman),[5] Huang Ju (Vice Premier),[6] Xi Jinping (current General Secretary),[7] Yu Zhengsheng (CPPCC Chairman),[8] Han Zheng (Vice Premier and Vice President),[9] and Li Qiang (Premier). Zeng Qinghong, a former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, also rose to the Politburo Standing Committee and became the Vice President and an influential power broker.[10] Li Xi, another former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, has become the Politburo Standing Committee and Secretary of CCDI member in 2022. The only exception is Chen Liangyu, who was fired in 2006 and later convicted of corruption.[11]
List of provincial-level leaders
CCP Committee Secretaries
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Rao Shushi | 1949 | 1950 | [12] |
| 2 | .jpg) |
Chen Yi | 1950 | 1954 | [12][13] |
| 3 |  |
Ke Qingshi | 1954 | 1965 | [13] |
| 4 |  |
Chen Pixian | 1965 | 1967 | [13] |
| 5 |  |
Zhang Chunqiao | 1971 | 1976 | [13] |
| 6 |  |
Su Zhenhua | 1976 | 1979 | [13] |
| 7 | Peng Chong | 1979 | 1980 | [13] | |
| 8 | Chen Guodong | 1980 | 1985 | [13] | |
| 9 | Rui Xingwen | 1985 | 1987 | [13] | |
| 10 |  |
Jiang Zemin | 27 November 1987 | 1 August 1989 | [13] |
| 11 |  |
Zhu Rongji | 1 August 1989 | 20 March 1991 | [13] |
| 12 | .jpg) |
Wu Bangguo | 20 March 1991 | 28 September 1994 | [14] |
| 13 | .jpg) |
Huang Ju | 28 September 1994 | 15 November 2002 | [15][16] |
| 14 | Chen Liangyu | 15 November 2002 | 24 September 2006 | [17] | |
| — | _(cropped).jpg) |
Han Zheng | 24 September 2006 | 24 March 2007 | [18] |
| 15 | .jpg) |
Xi Jinping | 24 March 2007 | 27 October 2007 | [19] |
| 16 |  |
Yu Zhengsheng | 27 October 2007 | 20 November 2012 | [20] |
| 17 | |
Han Zheng | 20 November 2012 | 29 October 2017 | [18] |
| 18 | _(cropped).jpg) |
Li Qiang | 29 October 2017 | 28 October 2022 | [21] |
| 19 |  |
Chen Jining | 28 October 2022 | Incumbent | [22] |
Chairpersons of Shanghai Municipal People's Congress
| Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress | |
|---|---|
since January 15, 2023 | |
| Status | Legislature leader |
| Term length | Five years, renewable |
| Name | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|
| Yan Youmin | 1979 | 1981 |
| Hu Lijiao | 1981 | 1988 |
| Ye Gongqi (叶公琦) | 1988 | 1998 |
| Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) | February 1998 | February 2003 |
| Gong Xueping (龚学平) | February 2003 | January 2008 |
| Liu Yungeng | January 2008 | January 2013 |
| Yin Yicui | February 2013 | January 2020 |
| Jiang Zhuoqing | January 20, 2020 | January 15, 2023 |
| Dong Yunhu | January 15, 2020 | July 12, 2023 |
| Huang Lixin | January 24, 2024 | Incumbent |
Mayors of Shanghai
Since communist victory in the Shanghai Campaign, Shanghai has been led by its Mayor and Party Secretary, all officeholders of which are members of the Chinese Communist Party.
| No. | Officeholder | Term | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government | ||||
| 1 | |
Chen Yi (1901–1972) |
28 May 1949 – February 1955 | |
| Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Committee | ||||
| (1) | |
Chen Yi (1901–1972) |
February 1955 – November 1958 | |
| 2 | |
Ke Qingshi (1902–1965) |
November 1958 – April 1965 | |
| 3 | Cao Diqiu (1909–1976) |
November 1965 – February 1967 | ||
| Director of the Shanghai People's Commune Interim Committee | ||||
| 4 | .jpg) |
Zhang Chunqiao (1917–2005) |
February 1967 – February 1967 | |
| Director of the Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Committee | ||||
| (4) | |
Zhang Chunqiao (1917–2005) |
February 1967 – October 1976 | |
| 5 | |
Su Zhenhua (1912–1979) |
October 1976 – January 1979 | |
| 6 | Peng Chong (1915–2010) |
January 1979 – December 1979 | ||
| Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government | ||||
| (6) | Peng Chong (1915–2010) |
December 1979 – March 1980 | ||
| 7 |  |
Wang Daohan (1915–2005) |
April 1981 – July 1985 | |
| 8 | |
Jiang Zemin (1926–2022) |
July 1985 – April 1988 | |
| 9 |  |
Zhu Rongji (born 1928) |
April 1988 – April 1991 |
[23] |
| 10 | |
Huang Ju (1938–2007) |
April 1991 – February 1995 | |
| 11 | .jpg) |
Xu Kuangdi (born 1936) |
February 1995 – December 2001 |
[24] |
| 12 | Chen Liangyu (born 1944) |
December 2001 – February 2003 | ||
| 13 | _01.jpg) |
Han Zheng (born 1955) |
February 2003 – 26 December 2012 |
[25] |
| 14 | _(cropped).jpg) |
Yang Xiong (1953–2021) |
26 December 2012 – 17 January 2017 |
[26] |
| 15 |  |
Ying Yong (born 1957) |
20 January 2017 – 13 February 2020 |
[27] |
| 16 |  |
Gong Zheng (born 1960) |
23 March 2020 – Incumbent |
[28] |
Chairpersons of the Political Conference Shanghai Committee
| Chairman of Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | |
|---|---|
since January 14, 2023 | |
| Status | Local CPPCC leader |
| Term length | Five years, renewable |
- Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955–1958
- Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958–1967
- Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977–1979
- Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979–1983
- Prof. Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983–1988
- Prof. Xie Xide (谢希德) (female): 1988–1993
- Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1993–1998
- Wang Liping (王力平): 1998–2003
- Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003–2008
- Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008–2013
- Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013–2018
- Dong Yunhu (董云虎): 2018–2023
- Hu Wenrong (胡文容): 2023–incumbent
Chairpersons of the Shanghai Supervisory Committee
- Liao Guoxun (廖国勋): January 2018 – March 2020
- Liu Xuexin (刘学新): July 2020 – October 2022
- Li Yangzhe (李仰哲): October 2022 – incumbent
