Stigmatomycosis
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| Stigmatomycosis | |
|---|---|
| Causal agents | Ashbya gossypii, Eremothecium coryli, Aureobasidium pullulans |
| Hosts | cotton, soybean, pecan, pomegranate, citrus, pistachio |
| Vectors | hemipteran insects of the families Pentatomidae and Coreidae |
| EPPO Code | NMATGO |
| Distribution | Greece, Iran, Russia, California |
Stigmatomycosis is a fungal disease that occurs in a number of crops, such as cotton, soybean, pecan, pomegranate, citrus, and pistachio. It has been reported on pistachio in Greece, Iran, Russia, and is frequently a problem in California pistachio orchards severely infested by hemipteran insects. In a 1989 survey in California, fruit with stigmatomycosis were found in 90% of samples collected from late June to mid-September and from all growing areas.
Stigmatomycosis is characterized by a wet, smelly, rancid, slimy kernel. Kernels with stigmatomycosis can be 1) small, dark green and partially developed with a brown funiculus, 2) well-developed, dark green and rancid, or 3) full-sized but abnormal, being white or light yellow and jelly-like, with a lobed appearance. In contrast, symptoms of kernel necrosis, which is caused by large hemipterans, are dry, punky, brown areas in the kernel. Sometimes, kernel necrosis and stigmatomycosis symptoms can be present in the same fruit.[citation needed]
Causal organisms
Stigmatomycosis is caused by the filamentous fungi Ashbya gossypii, Eremothecium coryli (syn. Nematospora coryli), and Aureobasidium pullulans. All of them belong to the phylum of ascomycetes[citation needed]