Originally dedicated to producing textbooks and educational materials for primary and secondary schools, it broadened its scope in the 1990s to encompass academic research, teacher training guides, and pedagogical theory. On January 29, 2010, Study Publishing House, LLC was established.[3] In September 2010, six publishing houses—Study Press, Red Flag Publishing House, Xiyuan Publishing House, Jincheng Publishing House, Threadneedle Book Bureau, and Printing Industry Press—had finalized asset liquidation, dissolved their establishments, terminated their legal entities.[4]