Sudurpashchim Province
Province of Nepal
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Sudurpashchim Province (Nepali: सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश, romanized: Sudūrapaścima pradeśa, lit. 'Far-West Province') is one of the seven provinces established by the new constitution of Nepal which was adopted on 20 September 2015.[3] It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Karnali Province and Lumbini Province to the east, and India's states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the west and south, respectively. The province covers an area of 19,999.28 km2 (7,721.77 mi2), or about 13.55% of the country's total area.
Sudurpashchim Province
सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश | |
|---|---|
     Clockwise from top Saipal, Ghodaghodi Lake, Swamp deer at Shuklaphanta National Park, Badimalika Temple, Khaptad Lake, Api Himal | |
 Seal | |
| Etymology: Farwest Region | |
| Motto: Collaborate Locally to Compete Globally[1] | |
 Location of Sudurpashchim Province (claimed Kalapani territory in light red)
 | |
Divisions of Sudurpashchim Province (claimed Kalapani territory in Darchula District marked) | |
| Coordinates: 28°42′12″N 80°34′01″E | |
| Country |  Nepal |
| Formation | 20 September 2015 |
| Capital Temporary capital | Godawari Dhangadhi |
| Largest city | Dhangadhi |
| Districts | 9 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Self governing province |
| • Body | Government of Sudurpashchim Province |
| • Governor | Najir Miya |
| • Chief Minister | Kamal Bahadur Shah (Congress) |
| • High Court | Dipayal High Court |
| • Provincial Assembly | Unicameral (53 seats) |
| • Parliamentary constituency | House of Representatives (16 seats) National Assembly (8 seats) |
| Area | |
| 19,999.28 km2 (7,721.77 sq mi) | |
| • Rank | 6th |
| Highest elevation | 7,132 m (23,399 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 109 m (358 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| 2,694,783 | |
| • Rank | 5th |
| • Density | 134.7440/km2 (348.9854/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 5th |
| • Urban | 62.4% |
| • Rural | 37.6% |
| Demonym | Sudur Pashchimeli Nepali |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (NST) |
| Geocode | NP-SE |
| Official language | Nepali |
| Other Official language(s) | |
| HDI | 0.478 (low) |
| Literacy |  76.2% (2024) |
| Sex ratio | 91.25 ♂ /100 ♀ (2011) |
| GDP | US$3.5 billion |
| GDP rank | 6th |
| Website | sudurpashchim.gov.np |
Initially known as Province No. 7, the newly elected Provincial Assembly adopted Sudurpashchim Province as the permanent name for the province in September 2018. As per a 28 September 2018 Assembly voting, the city of Godawari was declared the capital of the province, but Dhangadhi serves as the temporary capital.[4][5] The province is coterminous with the former Far-Western Development Region, Nepal. The three major cities in terms of population and economy are Dhangadhi, Bhimdutta (Mahendranagar), and Tikapur.[6]
History
Doti was an ancient kingdom in the far western region of Kumaon which was formed after the disintegration of the Katyuri Kingdom of Kumaon around the 13th century.[7] Doti was one of eight different princely states the Katyuri Kingdom was divided into eight for their eight prince's and became different independent kingdoms; Baijnath-Katyuri, Dwarahat, Doti, Baramandal, Askot, Sira, Sora, Sui (Kali Kumaon). Later on, the whole land between Ramganga on the west (Uttarakhand) and the Karnali on the east (which divides the far western region from other parts of Nepal), came under the Raikas after the origin of Raikas of Katyuris in Doti.[8] "Brahma Dev Mandi" at Kanchanpur District of Mahakali Zone was established by Katyuri king Brahma Dev.[9]
Raikas of Doti
Niranjan Malla Dev was the founder of Doti Kingdom around the 13th century after the fall of the Katyuri Kingdom. He was the son of Last Katyuris of united Katyuris kingdom.[10]
Kings of Doti were called Raikas (also Rainka Maharaj).[11]
Mughal invasion
During the period of Akbar's rule in the 16th century, the Mughals had attacked the Raikas of Doti. They invaded Ajemeru, the capital of the Raika Kingdom. Ajemeru is now in Dadeldhura District of the far western region of Nepal. Hussain Khan, army chief of Akbar residing in Lucknow had led the attack. According to `Abd al-Qadir Badayuni (c. 1540–1615), Indo-Persian historian during Mughal Empire, Mughal Army chief of Lucknow, Hussian Khan, lured by the wealth and treasures of the kingdom of the Raikas, wanted to plunder the region, this being the motive behind the assault, but they did not succeed.[12]
Khairgarh-Singhai State
Raja Deep Shahi was expelled from Nepal in 1790 A.D and on arriving at Terai of Oudh (now Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh of India) he established Khairgarh-Singhai State in Khairigarh under British India.[13]
Geography
Sudurpashchim Province covers 19,539 km2 i.e. 13.22% of the total area of the country. In the total area of the province, the mountainous terrain is 7,932.834 square km. (40.60%), hilly terrain 6,748.7706 km2. (34.54%) and Terai area is 4,857.3954 km2. (24.86%) belongs to This province has more mountainous and mountainous terrain. This province is located in the far western part of the state of Nepal. Two districts of this province (Kailali and Kanchanpur) are located in Terai region, four (Doti, Dadeldhura, Achham, and Baitadi) are in hilly region and three (Darchula, Bajhang, and Bajura) are in the Himalayan region.[14] Karnali River flows in the east, Seti River in the mid and Mahakali River flows to the west of this province.
In addition to its directly administered territory in Sudurpashchim Pradesh, Nepal claims the Indian-administered territories of Kalapani and northern Kuthi Valley, which it jointly calls "Kalapani–Lympiadhura territory". The Government of Nepal websites give the area of 19,999.28 km2 for the province including these territories.[15]
Mountains
Mt. Api (7132 m.), Mt. Saipal (7025m), Bobaye(6,808m), Nampa (6755m), and Jethi Bahurani (6850m) are the major mountain peaks of this province.
| Mountains | Elevation
(meters) |
District | Range | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Api | 7,132 | Darchula District | Yoka Pahar Gurans Himal | First ascent in 1960 AD |
| Saipal | 7,031 | Bajhang District | Western Nepal Himalaya | First ascent in 1960 AD |
| Jethi Bahurani | 6,850 | Darchula/Bajhang | Himalayas | First ascent in 1978 AD[16] |
| Bobaye | 6,808 | Darchula/Bajhang | Byas Rishi Himal | First ascent in 1996 AD |
| Nampa | 6,755 | Darchula | Gurans | First ascent in 1972 AD[16] |
Government and administration
The Governor acts as the head of the province while the Chief Minister is the head of the provincial government. The Chief Judge of the Dipayal High Court is the head of the judiciary.[17] The present Governor, Chief Minister and Chief Judge are Ganga Prasad Yadav (governor), Kamal Bahadur Shah (chief minister) and Yagya Prasad Basyal.[18][19] The province has 53 provincial assembly constituencies and 16 House of Representative constituencies.[20]
Sudurpashchim Province has a unicameral legislature, like all of the other provinces in Nepal. The term length of the provincial assembly is five years. The Provincial Assembly of Sudurpashchim Province is temporarily housed at the District Coordination Committee Hall in Dhangadhi.[21]
Administrative subdivisions
The province is divided into nine districts, which are listed below. A district is administrated by the head of the District Coordination Committee and the District Administration Officer. The districts are further divided into municipalities or rural municipalities. The municipalities include one sub-metropolitan city and 33 municipalities. There are 54 rural municipalities in the province.[22]
Tourism
Baidyanath Dham
Baidyanath Dham, one of the four shrines of Nepal,[23] is a shrine of Shiva located in Achham District in the confluence of the Budhi Ganga and Saraswati rivers in Achham district.[24] The shrine has a school to teach Ved called Ved Bidyashram.[25] In 2020, the government allocated NPR 2 million for Baidyanath Dham to upgrade Ved Bidyashram.[26]
Education
According to the census of 2021, Sudurpashchim's literacy rate is 76.2%. 83.6% of males and 69.4% of females are literate.[27]
Sudurpaschim University is a university in Nepal, located in Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur. It was established in August 2010 (2067 BS) by the Act of the Constituent Assembly by the Government of Nepal. It came into operation in 2011, after the appointment of the university officials. Additionally, the Agriculture Dean and branch is served in Tikapur. Prime Minister of Nepal serves as the Chancellor of the university.
- Shaheed Dashrath Chand National University of Health Sciences
Geta Medical College, which is located in Dhangadhi, Kailali district of Nepal, is set to be promoted as Nepal's first national health science university. The university will be named after Shaheed Dasharath Chand, a martyr in Nepal's struggle for democracy. Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, also known as Prachanda, announced this during a program organized by Geta Medical College. By Ashadh 2080, 12 structures' construction projects are expected to be finished. The college's construction has cost a total of Rs 5.4 billion so far.[28]
Kailali Multiple Campus
- Kailali Multiple Campus (Nepali: कैलाली बहुमुखी क्याम्पस) is one of the constituent campuses of Far-western University located in Dhangadi of western Nepal.[29] The campus was established in 1980 as a constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University, however the affiliation was changed in 2021 based on government decision.[30][31] The campus is recognized by University Grants Commission since 2075 BS (2018-2019).[32]
Doti Multiple Campus
- Doti Multiple Campus (Nepali: डोटी बहुमुखी क्याम्पस) is one of the constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University located in Doti district of western Nepal.[33] The campus was established in 1961(2017 BS). It is recognized by University Grants Commission (Nepal)[34][35]
Sports
- The Dhangadhi city has its own cricket league, Dhangadhi Premier League. Dhangadhi Rangsala with a capacity of 10,000+ spectators is the football stadium in the city. The Khaptad Gold Cup is held in the stadium. DPL is held on Fapla International Cricket Ground.
Demographics
In the 2021 census, Sudurpaschim Province had a population of 2,694,783. 8.87% of the population is under 5 years of age. It has a literacy rate of 76.23% and a sex ratio of 1117 females per 1000 males.[36]
Ethnic groups
- Chhetri (41.8%)
- Tharu (14.8%)
- Hill Brahmin (12.7%)
- Kami (10.8%)
- Thakuri (4.87%)
- Damai (3.76%)
- Rana Tharu (3.05%)
- Sarki (2.81%)
- Magar (1.96%)
- Other Hill Janjati (1.05%)
- Others (2.49%)
Chhetri people are the largest community, and dominate in the hills. Other castes including Bahun, Kami and Thakuri also live here. In the plains, Tharu people are the indigenous people although nowadays the two plains districts have a majority of Pahari people.[37]
Languages
- Nepali (42.4%)
- Doteli (18.1%)
- Tharu (14.8%)
- Baitadeli (5.62%)
- Achhami (5.14%)
- Bajhangi (3.69%)
- Rana Tharu (2.88%)
- Bajureli (2.09%)
- Darchuleli (1.69%)
- Others (3.58%)
The vast majority of the population speaks language varieties closely related to Nepali, if not mutually intelligible. Eastern dialects such as Bajauri and Achhami are closer to the Khas Bhasha spoken in Karnali province. The main dialect in the province is Doteli, spoken in the central part of the province, which gradually gets closer to Kumaoni spoken on the Indian side of the border. Nearly the entire Terai population spoke Tharu until the 1950s, when many Doteli and Nepali speakers from the hills migrated to the Terai. The local Tharu variant has influence from Nepali and the Hindi dialects (mainly Khadi Boli and Awadhi) spoken in the plains to the south across the border. The largest Sino-Tibetan language is Magar, although there are still some speakers of Byangsi in the higher mountain regions near Tibet.[38]
The Language Commission of Nepal has recommended Dotyali and Tharu as official language in the province. The commission has also recommended Baitadeli, Achhami, and Bajhangi to be additional official languages, for specific regions and purposes in the province.[39]
Religion
- Hindu (97.4%)
- Christianity (1.39%)
- Buddhism (0.84%)
- Other or not stated (0.34%)
| Rank | District | Pop. | Rank | District | Pop. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dhangadhi | Kailali | 147,741 | 11 | Bhajani | Kailali | 51,845 | ||
| 2 | Mahendranagar | Kanchanpur | 104,599 | 12 | Bedkot | Kanchanpur | 49,479 | ||
| 3 | Godawari | Kailali | 78,018 | 13 | Shuklaphanta | Kanchanpur | 46,834 | ||
| 4 | Tikapur | Kailali | 76,984 | 14 | Mahakali | Kanchanpur | 39,253 | ||
| 5 | Ghodaghodi | Kailali | 75,586 | 15 | Purchaudi | Baitadi | 39,174 | ||
| 6 | Lamki Chuha | Kailali | 75,425 | 16 | Parshuram | Dadeldhura | 34,983 | ||
| 7 | Krishnapur | Kanchanpur | 56,643 | 17 | Dasharath Chand | Baitadi | 34,575 | ||
| 8 | Gauriganga | Kailali | 55,314 | 18 | Sanphebagar | Achham | 33,788 | ||
| 9 | Punarbas | Kanchanpur | 53,633 | 19 | Bungal | Bajhang | 33,224 | ||
| 10 | Belauri | Kanchanpur | 53,544 | 20 | Dipayal Silgadhi | Doti | 32,941 | ||
See also
Notes
- 19,999.28 km2 (7,721.77 sq mi) including claimed territory.