Swedish Air Force

World War II

When World War II broke out in 1939 further expansion was initiated and this substantial expansion was not finished until the end of the war. Although Sweden never entered the war, a large air force was considered necessary to ward off the threat of invasion and to resist pressure through military threats from the great powers. By 1945 the Swedish Air Force had over 800 combat-ready aircraft, including 15 fighter divisions.

A major problem for the Swedish Air Force during World War II was the lack of fuel. Sweden was surrounded by countries at war and could not rely on imported oil. Instead domestic oil shale was heated to produce the needed petrol.^[3]

About 250 aircrew were killed in crashes 1939-1945 according to statistics that were not disclosed during the war years but published afterwards.^[4]

Expansion during the Cold War

The Swedish Air Force underwent a rapid modernization from 1945. It was no longer politically acceptable to equip it with second-rate aircraft types. Instead, the Air Staff purchased the best it could find from abroad, e.g. P-51D Mustangs, De Havilland Mosquito NF.19 night fighters and de Havilland Vampires, and supported the development of top performance domestic models. The Saab 29 Tunnan jet fighter was introduced around 1950.

In the late 1950s the Swedish Air Force introduced the Bas 60 air base system, which revolved around force dispersal of air squadrons across many wartime air bases in case of war in order to make it complicated for an opponent to destroy the air force on the ground. Road runways were also introduced as backup runways. Bas 60 was developed further into Bas 90 during the 1970s and 1980s.^[5][6][7][8]

During the Cold War large amounts of money (including funds intended for the Swedish nuclear weapons programme) were spent on the Swedish Air Force and domestic aircraft production. In 1957 Sweden had the world's fourth most powerful air force,^[9] with about 1,000 modern planes in front-line service.^[10] During the 1950s, it introduced fighters such as the Saab J 29 Tunnan, Saab A 32 Lansen and Saab J 35 Draken.^{[citation needed]}

In June 1952 the Swedish Air Force lost two aircraft on Cold War operations, in what became known as the Catalina affair. A signals intelligence Douglas DC-3 was intercepted by Soviet MiG-15s over the Baltic, and shot down with the loss of three aircrew and five civilian technicians. A PBY Catalina rescue seaplane was then also downed, the five-man crew being rescued from the sea by a freighter.^[11]

In the air defence role the Swedish Air Force also operated surface-to-air missiles. Svea Air Corps (F 8) operated de Havilland J-28B Vampire jet aircraft in 1949 being replaced in 1953 by Saab J-29 Tunnan and in 1957 by J-34 Hunter fighters. As of 1961 F 8 reroled into missile defence role becoming the air force technical training centre for using the new RB-68 Bloodhound systems in 2 squadrons until 1974.

These Swedish units also operated the RB-68 missile system (1 squadron each):

• Scania Wing, also F 10 Ängelholm
• Kalmar Wing, also F 12 Kalmar,
• Bråvalla Wing, also F 13 Norrköping
• Blekinge Wing, also F 17 Kallinge,

War service

The Swedish Air Force has been involved in three wars, the Finno-Soviet Winter War in 1939–40, in which volunteers took part, the Congo Crisis, 1961–64, and in the 2011 Libyan civil war.

Congo 1961–1964

The Swedish Air Force saw combat as part of the United Nations peace-keeping mission ONUC during the Congo Crisis in 1961 to 1964. It established a separate air wing, F 22, equipped with a dozen Saab 29 Tunnans, which performed well under the rough conditions in central Africa. The secessionist adversaries possessed only a small number of aircraft with poor combat capabilities, e.g. Fouga Magister trainers.

1990s restructuring

With the end of the Cold War the Swedish Armed Forces underwent a massive restructuring process. During this time, several air bases were deemed unnecessary and closed with fighters like the Saab 37 Viggen retired prematurely. In 1994 the Air Force had over 400 fighters, by 2005 that number had shrunk to fewer than 150.

Libya 2011

On 29 March 2011, the Swedish prime minister announced that eight Saab JAS 39 Gripens would support the UN-mandated no-fly zone over Libya.^[14] The announcement responded to a NATO request for assistance. The Swedish fighters were limited to supporting the no-fly zone and were not authorized to engage in ground attack sorties. The deployment was approved by the Riksdag on 1 April 2011 and the first jets departed for Libya on 2 April. A C-130 Hercules accompanied the fighters for mid-air refueling.^[15]

Poland 2025

In March of 2025 Sweden, now a part of NATO, sent six Saab Gripen fighters to Poland to take part in an enhanced air policing mission to protect NATO's borders from Russia.^[16]

Aircraft

• 
  A Gripen C performing at RIAT 2009
• 
  A Saab 340 AEW&C (S 100) in flight at the Swedish Armed Forces' Airshow 2010
• 
  An A109E (HKP 15A) on take off

More information Aircraft, Origin ...

Aircraft	Origin	Role	Variant	In service	Notes
Combat aircraft
JAS 39 Gripen	Sweden	Swingrole fighter	JAS 39C	71[17]	Total of 60 Gripen E were ordered.[17] 12 additional planned to be ordered as of July 2026.[18]
	Sweden  Brazil		JAS 39E	2[17] (+58 on order)
	Sweden		JAS 39A JAS 39B	0	24 in storage
Special role aircraft
Gulfstream IV	United States	SIGINT	S 102B Korpen	2[17]	Sensors focus on radar, navigation and weapon systms.[19]
Saab 340B	Sweden	Open Skies reconnaissance / Transport / liaison	TP 100A	1[17]	[20] Photographic observation over foreign territory.
Global 6000 - GlobalEye	Sweden  Canada	AEW&C	S 106	0[17] (+ 3 on order)	2 ordered in June 2022 (+2 options).[21][22] 1 ordered in June 2024 (1 option exercised.[23][24] First delivery expected in 2027.
Tanker
KC-130 Hercules	United States	Aerial refueling	KC-130H	1[17]
Transport
C-130 Hercules	United States	Tactical airlifter	TP 84D (C-130H)	5[17]	[25] To be replaced by the Embraer C-390.[26]
Embraer C-390	Brazil	Tactical airlifter	–	0[17] (+4 on order)	Ordered in October 2025 to replace the C-130H fleet, (+7 on option).[26]
Saab 340B+	Sweden	Transport / liaison	TP 100A	1[17]	[20]
Bombardier Global 6500	Canada	VIP transport	TP 106	2[27]	Aircraft purchased second-hand, received in 2026, entered service in June 2026.[27] It succeeds to:[28] Gulfstream IV - TP 102C Gulfstream G550 - TP 102D[29]
Helicopters
Sikorsky UH-60	United States	Utility / transport / MEDEVAC	HKP 16 (UH-60M)	15[17] (+12 on order)	15 acquired to replace 10 Super Puma.[30] 12 more ordered in July 2025 to replace the HKP 14E.[31][17]
NHIndustries NH90	France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  Finland	Utility / transport / (MEDEVAC)	HKP 14E (NH90 TTH)	9[17]	Land variant.[32] It was assembled in Finland[33]. It will retire from 2027.[34]
		ASW / ASuW Utility / transport (SAR)	HKP 14F (NH90 TTH)	9[17]	Naval variant.[32] It was assembled in Finland[33]. It is planned to be retired in the 2030s.[34]
AgustaWestland AW109	Italy	Light utility / Transport / MEDEVAC / CASEVAC / trainer	HKP 15A (A109LUH)	12[17]	Land variant.[35][36] Can be equipped with a fast-rope for special forces missions, or with a modular medical interior.[36]
		Light utility / transport / liaison / ASW / SAR	HKP 15B (A109LUH)	8[17]	Naval variant.[35][36] Can be equipped with sonar buoys for ASW missions.[36]
Trainer aircraft
JAS 39 Gripen	Sweden	Conversion trainer	JAS 39D	23[17]	[37]
Grob G 120TP	Germany	Basic trainer	–	13[17]
UAV
Elbit Skylark	Israel	Fixed-wing UAV, ISTAR	UAV 02 Falken	48	48 ordered in 2007.[38] VTOL capability.[39]
AAI RQ-7 Shadow	United States  Sweden	Fixed-wing UAV, ISTAR	UAV03 Örnen (Shadow 200)	8[40]	Purchased in 2010, 2 systems with 4 drones each. Modified by Saab, using in house technologies (sensors, systems, communications).[41] Endurance: 6 hours.[41]
AeroVironment Wasp III	United States	Fixed-wing UAV, ISR	UAV 04 Svalan	3	[42] Surveillance drone purchased in 2012 for the missions in Mali and Afghanistan.[43] Note: nano-UAV, mass 0.5 kg (1.1 lb).
AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma	United States	Fixed-wing UAV, ISR	UAV 05B Korpen	12	[42] Surveillance drone purchased in 2012 for the missions in Mali and Afghanistan.[43] Note: mini-UAV, mass 5.0 kg (11.0 lb).
Satellites
ICEYE	Finland	SAR satellite	–	0 (+10 on order)	[44][45] Ordered in January 2026, deliveries between 2026 and 2028.[46][47]
Planet Labs	United States	LEO satellite, high resolution imagery	–	N/A	The Swedish Armed Forces signed a contract in 2026 to "own a suite of Planet’s cutting-edge satellites, and have access to Planet’s high-resolution data, and intelligence solutions".[48]

Close

Shared fleet

More information Aircraft, Operators ...

Aircraft	Operators	Origin	Role	Variant	In service	Notes
Aerial refueling
Airbus A330 MRTT Multi-Role Tanker Transport	MMF [de] Multinational MRTT Fleet Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Germany Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden	Spain  Germany  France  United Kingdom	Tanker / Transporter / MEDEVAC	A330-200 MRTT	9 (+3 on order)	[49] Based at the Eindhoven Air Base in the Netherlands.[50] Orders (+ nations initiating / joining the programme): 2 in July 2016 (Netherlands, Luxembourg)[51] 5 in September 2018 (Germany, Norway)[52] 1 in February 2018 (Belgium)[51] 1 in September 2020 (Luxembourg)[53] 1 in March 2023 (Belgium)[54] 2 in June 2025 (Sweden, Denmark)[55] (Finland)[56] The first aircraft entered service in June 2020, the ninth in February 2025).
A330 MRTT MEDEVAC kit		European Union	MEDEVAC kit	–	1	[57] One of the MRTT aircraft of the Multinational MRTT Fleet comes with the MEDEVAC kits. Kit with: 6 ICU, 16 stretchers and 21 chairs for medical support.[58]
Transport
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III	SAC Strategic Airlift Capability Bulgaria Estonia Finland Hungary Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Slovenia Sweden United States	United States	Strategic transport aircraft	C-17A	3[59]	[60][61] Heavy Airlift Wing based at Pápa Air Base in Hungary.

Close

Weapons

Fighter wings

There are four fighter wings:

• Skaraborg Wing (F 7), at Såtenäs Air Base, operates JAS 39C/D^[62]
• Uppland Wing (F 16), at Ärna Air Base, reestablished in 2021 and without fighter divisions as of 2024^[63]
• Blekinge Wing (F 17), at Ronneby Air Base, operates JAS 39C/D
• Norrbotten Wing (F 21), at Luleå Air Base, operates JAS 39C/D

Helicopter squadrons

The aviation units that were formerly under the Swedish Army ("Arméflyget") and the Swedish Navy ("Marinflyget") have been merged with the helicopter units of the Air Force to form the single Helicopter Wing (Hkpflj) for the entire Armed Forces. The wing has been placed under the authority of the Air Force and consists of:

• 1st Helicopter Squadron, co-located with Norrbotten Wing at Luleå Air Base, operates NH90 TTH (Hkp 14E)
• 2nd Helicopter Squadron, at Malmen Air Base, operates AW109 (Hkp 15) and UH-60M Black Hawk (Hkp 16)
• 3rd Helicopter Squadron, co-located with Blekinge Wing at Ronneby Air Base, operates NH90 TTH (Hkp 14F) and AW109 (Hkp 15)
• 4th Helicopter Squadron, at Malmen Air Base, operates AW109 (Hkp 15) and UH-60M Black Hawk (Hkp 16)

Other squadrons

The air transport units perform airlift operations, and are used in both national and in international missions. The unit also organizes the Swedish part of the Heavy Airlift Wing in Hungary. Signals reconnaissance units conduct electronic combat reconnaissance and intelligence gathering.

• 71st Air Transport Squadron, co-located with Skaraborg Wing at Såtenäs Air Base, operates C-130H Hercules
• 74th Special Air Squadron, at Malmen Air Base, operates Gulfstream IV-SP, Saab 340 AEW&C and Saab 340
• 75th State Air Squadron, at Arlanda Air Base, operates Gulfstream IV and Gulfstream 550

Saab JAS 39 Gripen E

Currently the Swedish Air Force main fighter is the Saab JAS 39 Gripen, in the C/D versions. By 2018 95 fighters were active with about 30 of these being updated from the A version.^[66]

The heavily modernised E version will augment the current fleet of Gripen C/D. The aircraft includes a new Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, an Infrared search and track (IRST) sensor and is powered by the improved General Electric F414G. Gripen E also has an increased maximum take-off weight, carries more fuel and has two more hardpoints than the Gripen C/D allowing it to carry more weapons.^[67][68] The upgrade also includes the integration of new weapons like the Meteor air-to-air missile.^[69] In 2013 Saab signed an agreement with the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration for 60 new Gripen E. The first JAS 39E was handed over to the Skaraborg wing (F 7) in October 2025 and the model is planned to remain in service until at least 2060. In 2026 the Swedish government announced plans to order an additional 12 Gripen E at a later date. ^{[70][71][72][73]}

Next generation fighter jet

The Swedish Air Force plans to retain its fleet of JAS 39C/D until some time after 2030. In an effort to replace JAS 39C/D the Swedish Air Force has formulated three options for the procurement of a new fighter jet with a decision to be made in 2031 at the latest.^[74][75]

• Fully domestic development of a next generation fighter jet
• Joint development of a next generation fighter jet with other countries
• "Off-the-shelf" purchase of a foreign fighter jet

In an effort to maintain the possibility of pursuing any of the three options SAAB was awarded a two year contract by the Swedish Air Force for concept studies for next generation fighter jet studies in 2024. The program, called KFS, includes the development of both a next generation crewed fighter jet and uncrewed systems such as loyal wingmen. The construction of technology demonstrators is planned during the second phase of studies which will commence in 2026.^[76][77][78]

Sweden had signed a memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the United Kingdom and Italy in 2021 regarding the joint development of next generation technologies for the Tempest fighter jet. Sweden would later walk away from the project which by then had evolved into GCAP citing differences between its requirements for a next generation fighter jet and those of the UK, Italy and Japan.^[79][80]

Military transport aircraft

The Swedish C-130 Hercules (TP 84) were bought from the United States in the 1960s and has been updated several times. The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration has been tasked to update the aircraft so they can remain in service until 2030. In November 2024 the Swedish Air Force announced that it had selected the Embraer C-390 Millennium as its future military transport aircraft.^[81] As part of the Heavy Airlift Wing cooperation, Sweden also operates three Boeing C-17 which are located at Pápa Air Base in Hungary.

Training aircraft

Sweden used the Saab 105 as the primary jet-trainer until phase out per June 2024. About forty planes were operational. Designed in the 1960s the aircraft is starting to show its age and were gradually phased out from active service. The Swedish Air Force selected the Grob G 120TP as its new Basic Trainer Aircraft, designated SK 40. Ten aircraft have been ordered and delivered but due to work environment problems caused by high workload the implementation of the new planes have been put on hold temporarily.^[82]

Saab GlobalEye AEW&C

Sweden will procure the Saab GlobalEye airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) platform to replace its two S100D/ASC890. The Swedish Armed Forces submitted an official request to the government to buy the Saab GlobalEye platform on October 1, 2021. On October 24, 2021 the Swedish government approved the purchase to replace its old S100D/ASC890.

On 30 June 2022 SAAB and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) signed a contract for the acquisition of two GlobalEye aircraft, to be designated S 106 in Swedish service. The deal is valued at 7,3 billion SEK (US$710 million) and deliveries was scheduled for 2027. The contract also included the option to procure up to two additional GlobalEye aircraft. After pledging its current Saab ASC 890 platforms to Ukraine, the GlobalEye delivery was expedited and one additional aircraft was ordered by the Swedish Air Force.^[83][84]

Space

The interest in military use of the space domain by the Swedish Armed Forces became established after the Gulf War where the necessity of military satellites in modern warfare became apparent.^[85]

The Defence Act of 2020 included provisions for the establishment of a space-focused unit, influenced by the recent formation of the United States Space Force. By this time, the Swedish Armed Forces had also identified the need for such a capability to safeguard national sovereignty.^[86] As a result, the Space Division was established within the Swedish Air Force in 2023.^[87]

On 16 August 2024, in cooperation with SpaceX,^[88] the Swedish Armed Forces launched their first military satellite, the experimental communications satellite GNA-3, from Vandenberg Space Force Base.^[89]

Swedish military equipment

List of equipment of the Swedish Armed Forces

• Swedish Air Force
  • List of equipment of the Swedish Air Force
  • Weapons of the Swedish Air Force
  • List of military aircraft of Sweden
• Swedish Army:
  • List of equipment of the Swedish Army
• Swedish Navy
  • List of active ships of the Swedish Navy
  • List of equipment of the Swedish Navy
• Swedish Home Guard
  • List of equipment of the Swedish Home Guard

People

• Bengt Nordenskiöld
• Lars Olausson