Talk:Limonene/Archive 1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Untitled
Anyone know where limonene for industrial purposes comes from? I strongly suspect it's extracted from orange skins as a by-product of orange juice manufacture, but this is conjecture on my part. Malcolm Farmer 09:20, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
- so I looked up limonene manufacturers. Biggest one in the US is basd in Flarida, manufactures citrus oil. Solved. Malcolm Farmer 09:44, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
- simply googling limonene found me several very details information webpage. Wim van Dorst 22:17, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC).
Does anyone know why citrus oil is classified R65 in Europe while the main component limonene is classified R43+R38 for human health? I have not found any other major component of citrus oil (citral, citronellal, decanal, ...) classified as R65? --moliate 23:31, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
- The R65 classification is incorrect, the classification for cas 8028-48-6 or einecs 232-433-8 in the ecb database conflicts the one for dipentene. Especially for aquatoxic labelling this is a problem, hopefulle this will be resolved when GHS is applied.
Conflicting results on health issues
The article as it stands now provides a very one-sided and maybe even factually inaccurate picture of the health effects of (d-)limonene, as anyone can see when glancing over the wealth of studies that have been performed on the subject.
For example:
- Almost all studies mentioning limonene with respect to skin irritation refer to oxidized limonene only. Although limonene reacts eagerly with oxygen, natural sources of limonene such as fresh citrus peel also contain powerful antioxidants, which would lower their potential to cause skin irritation. Other sources of exposure such as cleaning agents which do not normally contain antioxidants and which are typically used for longer periods of time after production, would be more irritating.
- While some studies have found skin and renal cancer enhancing effects in rodents, others have failed to establish such a link.
- Other studies found anti-tumor activity with respect to mammary cancer in rats.
- Most interestingly, studies have suggested that limonene can cause regression of human skin, breast, gastric and pancreatic cancer.
So whether the net effect of d-limonene on human health is detrimental or even beneficial is at the present unclear. In effect, after reading the abstracts from the above-mentioned studies, I am inclined to believe that reasonable dietary doses from fresh (organic) citrus peel are probably the latter. Aragorn2 22:29, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
______________
A Google search turns up the fact that lemonene is used as cancer therapy (there are medical studies reporting it efficacy) and as at least temporary cure for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, though this seems to be mostly on alternative health sites. This means that lemonene has the distinction of being a potential carcinogen and a suppressant of cancer. I suggest the amount of information out there on both sides should at least be mentioned. It is being marketed for as anti-cancer agent and as an effect alternative to other Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease treatments. RStillwater (talk) 23:21, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
environmentally friendly conflict
this phrase: "Limonene is increasingly being used as an environmentally friendly alternative to mineral oils as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as the removal of oil from machine parts, being more easily biodegradable than mineral oils"
conflicts with the EU labelling: R50/53: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
A substance classified as R50/53 is certainly not environmentally friendly.
- "Limonene can be used to dissolve polystyrene, and is a more ecologically friendly substitute for acetone" As limonene is sensitizing too and more toxic than acetone, this is not true. Please note that acetone does not dissolve polystyrene, it only converts it to a slimy mass. --FK1954 (talk) 16:30, 6 September 2013 (UTC)
Environmental risks?
--64.131.184.193 06:23, 4 May 2007 (UTC) I came across this looking for an environmental way to kill ants, and it is indeed being marketed as that. And I have to say--it kills ants and seems to mess up their trails but not affect the colony. Does anyone know the long-term affects of using this for the environment? At what concentration does it affect aquatic animals?
Limonene and Cannabidiol
Limonene's structure is present in that of cannabidiol. shoul this be mentioned in the article —Preceding unsigned comment added by The Right Honourable (talk • contribs) 06:22, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
Limonene Exposed to Ozone
I read an article by the Calif. Air Resources Board claiming that Limonene, coming in contact with Ozone, quickly produces Formaldehyde. This was an article attempting to show the detrimental effects of Ozone producing air purifiers. Their other test prtocols and statments made me skeptical of their findings. They didn't even differentiate between d-Limonen or l-Limonene, etc. Any thoughts or conclusions out there about Limonene coming in contact with Ozone at 1ppm to .03ppm? Thanks, Larry —Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.101.1.119 (talk) 18:52, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
- Ozonolysis of limonene - whatever form - should lead to formaldehyde as one product. You need more than ozone to get that reaction to happen cleanly, so in the lab dimethyl sulfide is usually added. But I can easily believe that the product of ozone + limonene would give an ozonide that could slowly release formaldehyde. As for the "quickly", I'm not too familiar with the practical aspects of ozonolysis, so I couldn't judge that. Walkerma (talk) 04:00, 13 March 2008 (UTC)
WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with {{WikiProject Food and drink}} banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here . Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories , but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns , please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 01:08, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
Oranges and Lemons
I have read - which of course is no evidence of anything - that the two enantiomers of limonene smell of oranges and of lemons, I don't know which is which. If this is true, I believe it should be mentioned. Maproom (talk) 22:45, 9 January 2009 (UTC)
- Yes, I have read too, in the book "Organic Chemistry" by Solomons and Fryhle (pg. 200-201 of the eight ed.) that one of the enantiomers of limonene smells like orange and the other smells like lemon... Can anyone help clarify this please? Filipalpg 04:20, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
- I have seen the same thing in Solomons and it's false. D-limonene has a citrus aroma and is present in great abundance in both oranges and lemons. The L-enantiomer is much less common in nature and has a pungent pine smell. Here's a link: http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/limonene.htm
- Presumably, oranges and lemons don't have their same smell because their essential oils don't have the same components (or don't have the same proportion of components).
- Meltyman (talk) 04:17, 21 March 2010 (UTC)
- I have smelled pure samples of both enantiomers - and it is true that one enantiomer has an aroma which is very reminiscent of oranges and the other does smell more of lemons - this is not to say that lemons only contain one enantiomer and oranges only the other. The chemistds (talk) 10:34, 19 November 2010 (UTC)
- I now have a reference for the claim that one enantiomer smells of oranges and one of lemons:
- P.W.Atkins, Molecules, page 12, Scientific American Library, 1987. ISBN 0-716-75019-8
- but I would prefer to leave it to a chemist to add this to the article. Maproom (talk) 20:22, 21 May 2012 (UTC)
'Organic Chemistry' by Clayden, Greeves, Warren and Worthers states that one enatiomer has a citrus smell and the other has a pine smell 86.46.107.242 (talk) 23:35, 4 September 2012 (UTC)
For sure, the article's sidebar shouldn't read "Odour: lemon", bur rather "orange". Limonene is present in nature (almost) only in the d- form, which smells very strongly of orange, as anybody who's had to do with it in its pure form can confirm. Also, when the essential oil is extracted by steam distillation from lemon zest, which should be around 65% limonene, it apparently smells of orange (see 6:45. Not something we can cite, but still… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kugobytGTzE). Aelwyn (talk) 19:07, 31 March 2016 (UTC)
