Timeline of Sudanese history
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a timeline of Sudanese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Sudan and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Sudan. See that the [[list of governors of pre-independence list of heads of state of Sudan.
10th to 14th centuries
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| c. 975 | Ibn Selim al-Aswani visits the Christian kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia, recording a comprehensive geopolitical and economic account of the Nubian courts. | |
| 1172 | Ayyubid forces commanded by Turan-Shah invade Banu Kanz lands in Nubia, seizing the strategic frontier fortress of Qasr Ibrim. | |
| 1272 | King David of Makuria launches a military offensive against the Egyptian maritime port of Aidhab on the Red Sea coast. | |
| 1276 | Mamluk forces under Sultan Baibars invade Makuria, capture Old Dongola, and displace King David to install a puppet ruler subject to tribute payments. | |
| 1317 | 29 May | The Throne Hall of Old Dongola is formally converted into a mosque. |
| 1323 | The Christian dynasties of Makuria effectively disintegrated. |
15th to 18th centuries
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| c. 1504 | The Funj Sultanate (Kingdom of Sennar) is founded by Amara Dunqas following the final collapse of the tribal monarchy of Alodia. | |
| c. 1612 | The Keira dynasty consolidates the Sultanate of Darfur under Sulayman Solong, establishing Islam as the official state religion. | |
| 1744 | Battle of the Dindar River: The Funj Sultanate successfully repels a major invasion army launched by the Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Iyasu II. | |
| 1762 | The Hamaj Coup occurs as military commander Muhammad Abu Likaylik overthrows the ruling Funj monarch, instating the Hamaj Regency and precipitating internal state decay. |
19th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1881 | Mahdist War: A war began against the United Kingdom and Egypt | |
| 1899 | Sudan fell under the rule of an Anglo-Egyptian condominium. |
20th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1955 | First Sudanese Civil War begins | |
| 1956 | The country becomes independent as the Republic of the Sudan | |
| 1983 | Second Sudanese Civil War begins | |
| 1998 | 20 August | Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory destroyed in a missile strike by the United States |
21st century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | February | Al-Turabi was arrested for signing a memorandum with the SPLA. |
| March | The United Nations (UN) World Food Programme struggled to feed millions facing starvation. | |
| April | The SPLA threatened to attack foreign oil workers. | |
| June | Peace talks in Nairobi broke down. | |
| July | Egypt and Libya proposed a peace plan for Sudan. | |
| September | The UN lifted sanctions against Sudan. | |
| October | United States Senator John Danforth was appointed Special Envoy to Sudan. | |
| November | The United States imposed sanctions on Sudan. | |
| 2002 | January | A ceasefire was agreed between the government and the SPLA. |
| 20 July | Second Sudanese Civil War: The Machakos Protocol ended the nineteen-year civil war. | |
| 2003 | February | War in Darfur: The war began. |
| 2004 | January | The army moved into Darfur to quell the rebellion, prompting hundreds of thousands of refugees to flee into neighbouring Chad. |
| March | A UN official accused pro-government Janjaweed militias of carrying out systematic killings in Darfur. | |
| September | United States Secretary of State Colin Powell described the Darfur killings as genocide. | |
| 2005 | 9 January | The Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed between the SPLA and the government. |
| March | The United Nations Security Council authorised sanctions against any violators of the Darfur ceasefire. | |
| June | Al-Turabi was freed. | |
| July | John Garang was sworn in as vice-president. | |
| 1 August | Garang died in a plane crash and was succeeded by Salva Kiir Mayardit. | |
| September | A power-sharing government was established. | |
| October | An autonomous government was formed in southern Sudan. | |
| 2006 | May | The government signed a peace accord with a Darfur rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Movement. |
| October | Jan Pronk, head of the United Nations Mission in Sudan, was expelled from the country. | |
| November | African Union peacekeepers extended their stay in Darfur for a further six months. | |
| 2007 | May | The United States placed fresh sanctions on Sudan. |
| 31 July | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769 authorised twenty-six thousand peacekeepers for Darfur. | |
| August | 2007 Sudan floods: Floods began. | |
| September | 2007 Sudan floods: The floods ended. | |
| November | Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case: A British teacher was imprisoned for naming a teddy bear Muhammad. |
On 11 and 15 April 2010, Southern Sudan Regional Elections: A South Sudanese There was a regional elections in Southern Sudan in which Salva Kiir Mayardit won by 93% of the votes.[citation needed]
See also
References
- "Timeline: Sudan, BBC News". 15 December 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Bibliography
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Soudan", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t – via HathiTrust
- "Sudan". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. p. 401+. ISBN 0203409957.
- Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4.
- Peter Woodward (2011). "Sudan". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Vol. 7. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 387+. ISBN 9789004205567. ISSN 1871-2525.
- Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7940-9.
- Peter Woodward (2013). "Sudan". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. p. 398+. ISBN 9789004256002. ISSN 1871-2525.