Timeline of women's suffrage in Missouri
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This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Missouri. Women's suffrage in Missouri started in earnest after the Civil War. In 1867, one of the first women's suffrage groups in the U.S. was formed, called the Woman Suffrage Association of Missouri. Suffragists in Missouri held conventions, lobbied the Missouri General Assembly and challenged the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS). The case that went to SCOTUS in 1874, Minor v. Happersett was not ruled in the suffragists' favor. Instead of challenging the courts for suffrage, Missouri suffragists continued to lobby for changes in legislation. In April 1919, they gained the right to vote in presidential elections. On July 3, 1919, Missouri becomes the eleventh state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.
1860s
1866
- December: Senator B. Gratz Brown of Missouri states publicly that he is for universal suffrage for anyone, regardless of "race, color, or sex."[1]
- Women petition the Missouri General Assembly to remove the word "male" from the description of a voter in the state constitution.[2]
1867
- May: The Woman Suffrage Association of Missouri (WSAM) is formed.[3][4]
- October: A women's rights convention is held in St. Louis with large attendance numbers.[5]
1868
- The Hannibal Courier comes out in favor of women's suffrage.[6]
1869
- February: Members of WSAM petition the Missouri General Assembly for women's suffrage.[7]
- October: Missouri Woman Suffrage Convention is held in St. Louis.[8]
- October: Virginia Minor gives a speech at the convention, introducing the idea that the Fourteenth Amendment already gives women the right to vote.[9]
1870s
1870
- May: The St. Louis County Woman Suffrage Association is formed.[10]
- November: Delegates are chosen to attend the annual American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Cleveland.[11]
- The St. Louis County Woman Suffrage Association sends a "memorial" to the United States Congress to amend the U.S. Constitution to support women's suffrage.[12]
1871
- Women meet with politicians, including Governor B. Gratz Brown, when the Missouri General Assembly comes back into session.[13]
- WSAM becomes affiliated with the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA).[4]
1872
- October 15: Virginia Minor attempts to register to vote and is denied based on her gender.[9]
- November: AWSA holds its third annual convention in St. Louis.[14]
1873
- January 2: Virginia Minor and her husband, Francis Minor, petition the courts for the right to vote under the Fourteenth Amendment.[15]
- February 3: The Minor case is heard in the Old Courthouse and lost. They appeal to the Missouri Supreme Court.[15]
- May 7: The Minor case is heard at the Missouri Supreme Court. The court decides that the Fourteenth Amendment only applies to newly freed slaves. The Minors appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS).[15]
1875
- In Minor v. Happersett, SCOTUS rules that the United States Constitution does not confer suffrage and until new laws were written, women would not vote in the United States.[15][9][16]
- Women attempted to get a constitutional amendment for women's suffrage in the state constitutional convention, but failed.[12]
1876
- Phoebe Couzins lectures on women's suffrage.[17]
1879
- Virginia Minor becomes the president of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) of Missouri.[7]
- May: NWSA holds their annual convention in St. Louis.[18]
1880s
1881
- Women petition the Missouri General Assembly for a constitutional amendment for women's suffrage.[19]
1883
- Women petition the Missouri General Assembly for "general and presidential suffrage for women."[19]
1889
- January 24: Virginia Minor speaks to the United States Senate Committee on Woman Suffrage.[20]
1890s
1892
- Women's suffrage convention featuring women from around the United States is held in Kansas City.[21]
- The Kansas City Equal Suffrage League was formed in 1892 with Kersey Coates as president.[22]
1894
- August 14: Virginia Minor dies and leaves $1,000 to Susan B. Anthony for suffrage work.[7]
1895
- The Missouri Equal Suffrage Association (MESA) is formed.[23]
1896
- June: MESA holds a convention in St. Louis to take place at the same time as the Republican National Convention.[24]
- A state suffrage convention is held in Kansas City.[25]
1897
- Delegates to the Missouri General Assembly request a constitutional amendment for women's suffrage.[25]
- January: Mary C. C. Bradford goes on a three week lecture tour in Missouri.[26]
- December: A state suffrage convention is held in Bethany.[27]
1898
- The state suffrage convention meets in St. Joseph.[27] Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Catt are present.[28]
1899
- The state suffrage convention is held in Chillicothe.[27]
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