Toksun County

The term 'Toksun' means 'ninety'.^[8][9]

The Battle of Toksun took place in this county in July 1933 when Khoja Niyas Hajji, a Uighur leader, defected with his forces to Governor Sheng Shicai. He advanced to Toksun via Dawan Ch'eng, where the Chinese Muslim forces of General Ma Shih-ming achieved victory over Niyas Hajji's forces.^[10]

In December 2010, Zeng Lingquan (曾令权), who ran an adoption agency for the physically and mentally disabled with no operation license in Sichuan, was arrested. Zeng reportedly sent the mentally ill to work in a factory run by Li Xinglin (李兴林) where they were enslaved and worked year round (instead of seasonally as with other local factories) in unsafe conditions at the Jia'ersi Green Construction Material Chemical Factory (佳尔思绿色建材化工厂) in Kümüx.^[11][12]

In 2017, Radio Free Asia reported that a police officer in Toksun County had said that all Uyghurs who wished to travel abroad were required to attend political indoctrination education organized by the county government.^[13]

Toksun County's location in the bottom of the Turpan Depression and an average rainfall of just 3.9 mm (0.15 in) annually, the least precipitation of any area in China,^[4] make it a very hot place during summertime. On July 31, 1964, the highest recorded temperature was 53.3 °C (127.9 °F), which is the highest reliable temperature, recorded during standard conditions anywhere in China.^{[citation needed]} The county is bordered to the south by Yuli County.

Toksun County is divided into 7 towns (بازىرى / 镇)^{[1][8]: 34 [16][17]} and 1 township (يېزىسى / 乡):

Irrigation in the county is well-developed. Agricultural products of the county include sorghum, wheat, muskmelon, peanuts and cotton. Specialty products include Hami melon and raisins. Industries include electronics, coal, machinery, construction, etc.^[21]

As of 2015, 96,439 of the 124,040 residents of Toksun County were Uyghur, 18,600 were Han Chinese, 8,539 were Hui and 462 were from other ethnic groups.^[23]

According to a 2002 estimate, it then had a population of 110,000.^{[citation needed]}

As of the 2000 Census, the county counted 52,346 males and 49,804 females and 83.65% of the population of the county were from ethnic minority groups.^[24]

As of 1999, 77.03% of the population of Toksun County were Uyghur and 15.51% of the population was Han Chinese.^[25]

• China National Highway 312
• China National Highway 314^[21]
• Southern Xinjiang railway

• Tömür Dawamat

Historical English-language maps including Toksun:

• 
  Map including Toksun (labeled as Tukson) (1917)
• 
  Map including Toksun (labeled as T'O-K'O-HSÜN) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (DMA, 1975)
• 
  From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Toksun (DMA, 1982)
• 
  Map including Toksun (DMA, 1990)