Toshio Shimada
Japanese politician (1877–1947)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Toshio Shimada (島田 俊雄, Shimada Toshio; 19 June 1877 – 21 December 1947) was a politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
Toshio Shimada | |
|---|---|
島田 俊雄 | |
Shimada in 1932 | |
| Speaker of the House of Representatives | |
| In office 8 June 1945 – 18 December 1945 | |
| Monarch | Hirohito |
| Deputy | Eikichi Katsuta |
| Preceded by | Tadahiko Okada |
| Succeeded by | Senzō Higai |
| Minister of Agriculture and Commerce | |
| In office 22 July 1944 – 7 April 1945 | |
| Prime Minister | Kuniaki Koiso |
| Preceded by | Nobuya Uchida |
| Succeeded by | Tadaatsu Ishiguro |
| Minister of Agriculture and Forestry | |
| In office 16 January 1940 – 22 Jul 1940 | |
| Prime Minister | Mitsumasa Yonai |
| Preceded by | Tadamasa Sakai |
| Succeeded by | Fumimaro Konoe |
| In office 9 March 1936 – 2 February 1937 | |
| Prime Minister | Kōki Hirota |
| Preceded by | Tatsunosuke Yamazaki |
| Succeeded by | Tatsunosuke Yamazaki |
| Director-General of the Legislation Bureau | |
| In office 13 December 1931 – 26 May 1932 | |
| Prime Minister | Inukai Tsuyoshi |
| Preceded by | Takao Saitō |
| Succeeded by | Zenjirō Horikiri |
| Member of the House of Representatives | |
| In office 21 February 1928 – 18 December 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Constituency abolished |
| Constituency | Shimane 2nd |
| In office 21 April 1917 – 31 January 1924 | |
| Preceded by | Multi-member district |
| Succeeded by | Magoichi Tawara |
| Constituency | Shimane Counties (1917–1920) Shimane 5th (1920–1924) |
| In office 16 May 1912 – 25 December 1914 | |
| Constituency | Shimane Counties |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 June 1877 |
| Died | 21 December 1947 (aged 70) |
| Party | Progressive (1945–1946) |
| Other political affiliations | Independent (1912–1913) Rikken Seiyūkai (1913–1940) IRAA (1940–1945) |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
Biography
Shimada was born in the city of Gōtsu in Shimane Prefecture Japan. In 1900, he graduated from the law department of Tokyo Imperial University, and found employment as a journalist for magazines. He was elected to a seat in the Tokyo City assembly in 1903; however, in 1905 he accepted a position as a lecturer at a law school in Yunnan Province, China. He returned to Japan in 1907.
In 1911, Shimada opened a legal office and began work as a lawyer. He was elected to the Lower House of the Diet of Japan in the 1912 General Election as an independent, but joined the Rikken Seiyūkai the following year. He was re-elected nine times, and rose within the Rikken Seiyūkai to eventually become Secretary-General of the party from 1937 to 1939.
In 1931, Prime Minister Tsuyoshi Inukai selected Shimada as Director-General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau. He joined the cabinet under the administration of Prime Minister Kōki Hirota in 1936 as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. He accepted the same portfolio again in January 1940 under the Yonai administration, and continued to hold that post into the 2nd Konoe administration. As with all other Japanese politicians, Tawara was forced to join the Taisei Yokusankai created by Konoe in 1940.
During World War II, Shimada accepted the cabinet position of Minister of Agriculture and Commerce under the Koiso administration. From June to September 1945, he served as Speaker of the Lower House.
Immediately following the surrender of Japan in 1945, he became one of the founding members of the Nihon Shimpo-tō political party. However, as with all members of the wartime administration, he was purged from public office by the American occupation authorities in 1946.
Shimada died on 21 December 1947.
References
- Yamashita, Samuel Hideo. Leaves from an autumn of emergencies. University of Hawaii Press. (2005) ISBN 978-0-8248-2936-0