Isotopes of tungsten

Naturally occurring tungsten (₇₄W) consists of five isotopes. Four are considered stable (¹⁸²W, ¹⁸³W, ¹⁸⁴W, and ¹⁸⁶W) and one is slightly radioactive, ¹⁸⁰W, with an extremely long half-life of (1.59±0.05)×10¹⁸ years.^[1] This results in about two alpha decays of ¹⁸⁰W per gram of natural tungsten per year, so for most practical purposes, ¹⁸⁰W can be considered stable. The other naturally occurring isotopes are also capable of alpha decay and so only observationally stable.

Quick facts Main isotopes, Decay ...

Isotopes of tungsten (₇₄W)

Main isotopes			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life (t_1/2)	mode	product
¹⁸⁰W	0.120%	1.59×10¹⁸ y^[1]	α	¹⁷⁶Hf
¹⁸¹W	synth	120.96 d	ε	¹⁸¹Ta
¹⁸²W	26.5%	stable
¹⁸³W	14.3%	stable
¹⁸⁴W	30.6%	stable
¹⁸⁵W	synth	75.1 d	β⁻	¹⁸⁵Re
¹⁸⁶W	28.4%	stable
¹⁸⁷W	synth	23.81 h	β⁻	¹⁸⁷Re
¹⁸⁸W	synth	69.77 d	β⁻	¹⁸⁸Re

Standard atomic weight A_r°(W)

183.84±0.01^[2]
183.84±0.01 (abridged)^[3]

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Artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been observed from ¹⁵⁶W to ¹⁹⁷W, the most stable of which are ¹⁸¹W with a half-life of 120.96 days, ¹⁸⁵W with a half-life of 75.1 days, ¹⁸⁸W with a half-life of 69.77 days and ¹⁷⁸W with a half-life of 21.6 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives less than one day, and most of these less than 8 minutes. The most stable known meta state is ^179m1W with half-life 6.40 minutes.

List of isotopes

More information Nuclide, Z ...

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Discovery year^[5]^[6]	Half-life^[7] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[7] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}^{[n 8]}	Spin and parity^[7] ^{[n 9]}^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Discovery year^[5]^[6]	Half-life^[7] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[7] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}^{[n 8]}	Spin and parity^[7] ^{[n 9]}^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion^[7]	Range of variation
¹⁵⁶W^[8]	74	82		2024	157+57 −34 ms	β⁺	¹⁵⁶Ta	0+
¹⁵⁷W^[9]	74	83	156.97886(43)#	2010	275(40) ms	β⁺	¹⁵⁷Ta	(7/2−)
¹⁵⁸W	74	84	157.97457(32)#	1981	1.43(18) ms	α	¹⁵⁴Hf	0+
^158mW	1889(8) keV			1989	143(19) μs	α	¹⁵⁴Hf	(8+)
¹⁵⁹W	74	85	158.97270(32)#	1981	8.2(7) ms	α (82%)	¹⁵⁵Hf	7/2−#
¹⁶⁰W	74	86	159.96851(16)	1979	90(5) ms	α (87%)	¹⁵⁶Hf	0+
¹⁶⁰W	74	86	159.96851(16)	1979	90(5) ms	β⁺ (13%)	¹⁶⁰Ta	0+
¹⁶¹W	74	87	160.96725(22)#	1973	409(16) ms	α (73%)	¹⁵⁷Hf	7/2−#
¹⁶¹W	74	87	160.96725(22)#	1973	409(16) ms	β⁺ (27%)	¹⁶¹Ta	7/2−#
¹⁶²W	74	88	161.963500(19)	1973	1.19(12) s	β⁺ (54.8%)	¹⁶²Ta	0+
¹⁶²W	74	88	161.963500(19)	1973	1.19(12) s	α (45.2%)	¹⁵⁸Hf	0+
¹⁶³W	74	89	162.962524(63)	1973	2.63(9) s	β⁺ (86%)	¹⁶³Ta	7/2−
¹⁶³W	74	89	162.962524(63)	1973	2.63(9) s	α (14%)	¹⁵⁹Hf	7/2−
^163mW	480.3(7) keV			2010	154(3) ns	IT	¹⁶³W	13/2+
¹⁶⁴W	74	90	163.958952(10)	1973	6.3(2) s	β⁺ (96.2%)	¹⁶⁴Ta	0+
¹⁶⁴W	74	90	163.958952(10)	1973	6.3(2) s	α (3.8%)	¹⁶⁰Hf	0+
¹⁶⁵W	74	91	164.958281(28)	1975	5.1(5) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁵Ta	(5/2−)
¹⁶⁶W	74	92	165.955032(10)	1975	19.2(6) s	β⁺ (99.97%)	¹⁶⁶Ta	0+
¹⁶⁶W	74	92	165.955032(10)	1975	19.2(6) s	α (0.035%)	¹⁶²Hf	0+
¹⁶⁷W	74	93	166.954811(20)	1985	19.9(5) s	β⁺ (99.96%)	¹⁶⁷Ta	(5/2−)
¹⁶⁷W	74	93	166.954811(20)	1985	19.9(5) s	α (0.04%)	¹⁶³Hf	(5/2−)
¹⁶⁸W	74	94	167.951805(14)	1971	50.9(19) s	β⁺ (99.97%)	¹⁶⁸Ta	0+
¹⁶⁸W	74	94	167.951805(14)	1971	50.9(19) s	α (0.032%)	¹⁶⁴Hf	0+
¹⁶⁹W	74	95	168.951779(17)	1985	74(6) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁹Ta	5/2−#
¹⁷⁰W	74	96	169.949231(14)	1971	2.42(4) min	β⁺(99%)	¹⁷⁰Ta	0+
¹⁷¹W	74	97	170.949451(30)	1983	2.38(4) min	β⁺	¹⁷¹Ta	(5/2−)
¹⁷²W	74	98	171.947292(30)	1965	6.6(9) min	β⁺	¹⁷²Ta	0+
¹⁷³W	74	99	172.947689(30)	1963	7.6(2) min	β⁺	¹⁷³Ta	5/2−
¹⁷⁴W	74	100	173.946079(30)	1965	33.2(21) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁴Ta	0+
^174m1W	2267.8(4) keV			1978	158(3) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴W	8−
^174m2W	3515.6(4) keV			2006	128(8) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴W	12+
¹⁷⁵W	74	101	174.946717(30)	1963	35.2(6) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁵Ta	(1/2−)
^175mW	234.96(15) keV			1978	216(6) ns	IT	¹⁷⁵W	(7/2+)
¹⁷⁶W	74	102	175.945634(30)	1950	2.5(1) h	EC	¹⁷⁶Ta	0+
¹⁷⁷W	74	103	176.946643(30)	1950	132.4(20) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁷Ta	1/2−
¹⁷⁸W	74	104	177.945886(16)	1950	21.6(3) d	EC	¹⁷⁸Ta	0+
^178mW	6572.7(3) keV			1995	220(10) ns	IT	¹⁷⁸W	25+
¹⁷⁹W	74	105	178.947079(16)	1950	37.05(16) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁹Ta	7/2−
^179m1W	221.91(3) keV			1950	6.40(7) min	IT (99.71%)	¹⁷⁹W	1/2−
^179m1W	221.91(3) keV			1950	6.40(7) min	β⁺ (0.29%)	¹⁷⁹Ta	1/2−
^179m2W	1631.90(8) keV			1978	390(30) ns	IT	¹⁷⁹W	21/2+
^179m3W	3348.41(14) keV			1978	750(80) ns	IT	¹⁷⁹W	35/2−
¹⁸⁰W^{[n 10]}	74	106	179.9467133(15)	1937	1.59(5)×10¹⁸ y^[1]	α	¹⁷⁶Hf	0+	0.0012(1)
^180m1W	1529.05(4) keV			1955	5.47(9) ms	IT	¹⁸⁰W	8−
^180m2W	3264.7(3) keV			2002	2.33(19) μs	IT	¹⁸⁰W	14−
¹⁸¹W	74	107	180.9482187(16)	1947	120.956(19) d	EC	¹⁸¹Ta	9/2+
^181m1W	365.55(13) keV			1957	14.59(15) μs	IT	¹⁸¹W	5/2−
^181m2W	1653.0(3) keV			1973	200(13) ns	IT	¹⁸¹W	21/2+
¹⁸²W	74	108	181.94820564(80)	1930	Observationally Stable^{[n 11]}			0+	0.2650(16)
^182mW	2230.65(14) keV			1969	1.3(1) μs	IT	¹⁸²W	10+
¹⁸³W	74	109	182.95022442(80)	1930	Observationally Stable^{[n 12]}			1/2−	0.1431(4)
^183mW	309.492(4) keV			1961	5.30(8) s	IT	¹⁸³W	11/2+
¹⁸⁴W	74	110	183.95093318(79)	1930	Observationally Stable^{[n 13]}			0+	0.3064(2)
^184m1W	1284.997(8) keV			1966	8.33(18) μs	IT	¹⁸⁴W	5−
^184m2W	4127.7(5) keV			2004	188(38) ns	IT	¹⁸⁴W	(14+)
¹⁸⁵W	74	111	184.95342121(79)	1940	75.1(3) d	β⁻	¹⁸⁵Re	3/2−
^185mW	197.383(23) keV			1950	1.597(4) min	IT	¹⁸⁵W	11/2+
¹⁸⁶W	74	112	185.9543651(13)	1930	Observationally Stable^{[n 14]}			0+	0.2843(19)
^186m1W	1517.2(6) keV			1998	18(1) μs	IT	¹⁸⁶W	7−
^186m2W	3542.8(21) keV			1998	2.0(2) s	IT	¹⁸⁶W	16+
¹⁸⁷W	74	113	186.9571612(13)	1940	23.809(25) h	β⁻	¹⁸⁷Re	3/2−
^187mW	410.06(4) keV			2005	1.54(13) μs^[10]	IT	¹⁸⁷W	11/2+
¹⁸⁸W	74	114	187.9584883(33)	1951	69.77(5) d	β⁻	¹⁸⁸Re	0+
^188mW	1926.7(8) keV			2010	109.5(35) ns	IT	¹⁸⁸W	8−
¹⁸⁹W	74	115	188.96156(22)#	1963	11.6(2) min	β⁻	¹⁸⁹Re	9/2−#
¹⁹⁰W	74	116	189.963104(38)	1976	30.0(15) min	β⁻	¹⁹⁰Re	0+
^190m1W	1743.6(10) keV			2010	111(17) ns	IT	¹⁹⁰W	8+
^190m2W	1840.6(14) keV			2000	166(6) μs	IT	¹⁹⁰W	10−
¹⁹¹W	74	117	190.966531(45)	1999	14# s [>300 ns]			3/2−#
^191mW	235(10)# keV			2009	340(14) ns	IT	¹⁹¹W	9/2−#
¹⁹²W	74	118	191.96820(22)#	1999	40# s [>300 ns]			0+
¹⁹³W	74	119	192.97188(22)#	2009	30# s [>300 ns]			1/2−#
¹⁹⁴W	74	120	193.97380(32)#	2009	20# s [>300 ns]			0+
¹⁹⁵W	74	121	194.97774(32)#	2012	30# s [>160 ns]			3/2−#
¹⁹⁶W	74	122	195.97988(43)#	2012	25# s [>300 ns]			0+
¹⁹⁷W	74	123	196.98404(43)#	2012	1# s [>300 ns]			5/2−#
This table header & footer: view

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[1]
^mW – Excited nuclear isomer.
[2]
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
[3]
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
[4]
Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
[5]
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
[6]
Modes of decay:

α: Alpha decay

β⁺: Positron emission

EC: Electron capture

β⁻: Beta decay

IT: Isomeric transition
[7]
Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
[8]
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
[9]
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
[10]
Primordial radionuclide
[11]
Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷⁸Hf with a half-life over 7.7×10²¹ y
[12]
Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷⁹Hf with a half-life over 6.70×10²⁰ y
[13]
Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁸⁰Hf with a half-life over 8.9×10²¹ y
[14]
Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁸²Hf with a half-life over 8.2×10²¹ y, or β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁸⁶Os with a half-life over 4.1×10¹⁸ y

Isotopes of tungsten

List of isotopes

See also

References

Related Articles

α:	Alpha decay
β⁺:	Positron emission
EC:	Electron capture
β⁻:	Beta decay
IT:	Isomeric transition