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Genomics

Early Sequencing efforts

"Rosalind Franklin's confirmation of the helical structure of DNA was one of the earliest sequencing efforts. In 1951, Rosalind and fellow student Raymond Gosling, were able to capture two high-resolution photos of crystallized DNA fibers.  "Franklin used two different fibers of DNA, one more highly hydrated than the other. From this she deduced the basic dimensions of DNA strands, and that the phosphates were on the outside of what was probably a helical structure."" [1] Exactly 16 months later, J. D. Watson and F. Crick published their description of DNA, which was based on Franklin's x‐ray photos. [2]

Recombinant DNA

History

"In 1971, Douglas Berg isolated the first plasmid bacterial cloning vector, λdvgal 120 and Robert Pollack voiced his concern about the potential biohazards of cloning. A year later in 1972, David Jackson, Peter Lobban, and A. D. Kaiser developed a method, which allowed the joining of DNA's in vitro and Jackson and colleagues created the first chimeric DNA in vitro. [3] "In 1973, for the first time ever S.Cohen and H. Boyer developed a recombinant plasmid, which after using as vector replicated well within a bacterial host." [4]

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