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Women's education

1st nine to graduate

The first young woman to enter Trinity was Isabel Marion Weir Johnston in January 1904 and Ellen Tuckey (Ellen Marguerite Tuckey) and Averina Shegog followed her later that year. Around forty women students entered in Michaelmas term 1904.

• Avarina Shegog Avarina Hemphill Shegog-daughter of the Church of Ireland rector of Skerries. Married Etienne Jean MALHERBE 13 Nov 1915 in the Cape of Good Hope Cathedral of St. George Anglican. Living in UK/England by 1922 until 1927 at least. was in college at the same time as brothers.Died 1953 Age 68

1. family
2. Census 1911, lists her as Teacher BA TCD
3. Baptism record
4. birth record
5. 1901 census - where are parents??
6. 1901 census for parents next door??
7. entrance exam result 1903
8. ^[1]
9. ^[2]
10. ^[3]
11. results 1905
12. 1905?
13. graduation
14. senior exhibitor
15. results 1906
16. results 1906??
17. all
18. died in 1953 in Surrey?

note: marion elisabeth duggan

• Olive Purser, Women in Dublin University 1904-1954 (Dublin, 1954).
• "Welcome, Welcome Little Women: TCD's First Female Graduates". Tcd.ie. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
• William Michael Murphy (2001). Prodigal Father: The Life of John Butler Yeats (1839-1922). Syracuse University Press. pp. 322–. ISBN 978-0-8156-0725-0.
• Judith Harford; Claire Rush (2010). Have Women Made a Difference?: Women in Irish Universities, 1850-2010. Peter Lang. pp. 63–. ISBN 978-3-0343-0116-9.
• "Women's hour at Trinity". Irishtimes.com. Retrieved 12 October 2016.

https://books.google.ie/books?id=SHwFOXAhIe8C&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Averina+Shegog&source=bl&ots=yUR-mLZe7k&sig=gbyjQDGHEdSFAd8kZgdOomaDxYA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjm-t_3kvHLAhXJVRQKHcApCH8Q6AEILzAE#v=onepage&q=Averina%20Shegog&f=false Brigid (Foley) Martin, Maireád Ní Cheallaigh (sister of president Sean T O’Kelly), Eily O’Hanrahan O’Reilly (sister of Michael O’Hanrahan) details^[4][5][6], and Catherine (Byrne) Rooney. At Home in the Revolution: what women said and did in 1916, to be published by the Royal Irish Academy. JEFF WILSON

From Westport, daughter of an RIC man-Bloxham, Elizabeth, 1877-1962 http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Mayo/Westport_Urban/Westport_Demesne/1608146/ Born around 1878 She had at least 1 sister who married a Seales. Something happens so that the boy is staying with the grandparents during the census..But he was born in dublin. Parents :John and Bridget Bloxham

Elizabeth Bloxham – the Quiet Revolutionary

There were 43 affiliated branches before the Rising. In April 1916 Countess Markievicz was president and Sorcha MacMahon was secretary. Leaders included Elizabeth Bloxham, Winifred Carney, Áine Ceannt, Kathleen Clarke (president of the central branch), Nora Connolly (O’Brien), Margaret Dobbs, Louise Gavan-Duffy, Mrs Duffy Edwards, Agnes MacNeill, Una O’Brien, Nancy O’Rahilly, Niamh Plunkett, Jennie Wyse-Power and Maire Tuohy. : http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/cumann-na-mban-by-joseph-e-a-connell-jr/

Searchable version of her witness statement: http://cultura-project.eu/1916/?q=artefact/WS0632

http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000170503

http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5146/1/Ann_Matthews_20140625115113.pdf Elizabeth Bloxham was appointed as a national organiser for Cumann na mBan. She was a teacher and spent her holidays travelling around Ireland starting branches. It states her appointment as organiser was due to her background as a public speaker at literary and suffragette meetings. She was pro-treaty (or at least anti more war)

Several entries in Irish Nationalist Women, 1900-1918, Senia Pašeta, Cambridge University Press, 5 Dec 2013 - History - 306 pages NLI entries

http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000089895 :her "A call to irish women"

https://stairnaheireann.wordpress.com/tag/elizabeth-bloxham/ The first provisional committee of Cumann na mBan included Agnes MacNeill, Nancy O’Rahilly, Mary Colum, Jenny Wyse Power, Louise Gavan Duffy and Elizabeth Bloxham.

Reproduction of the text of a letter from Cumann na mBan addressed to the President and the Houses of Congress of the United States of America requesting support in the recognition of political independence of Ireland in the form of an Irish Republic; with the signatures of Constance Markievicz, Nannie O'Rahilly, Mary Ryan, Elizabeth Bloxham, Kathlin [Kathleen] Clark, Annie Kent [Aine Ceannt], Louise Gavan Duffy, Niam Plunkett, Jennie Wyse Power, Mary S. Walsh. In her own words :http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0632.pdf Letters:http://letters.nialloleary.ie/index.php?letters_function=4&letters_idno=680806 -http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000588166

WHAI Dr Mary McAuliffe (UCD):http://www.decadeofcentenaries.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Mary-McAuliffe-Cumann-na-mBan-Glasnevin-speech-.pdf Another was Elizabeth Bloxham, who had been involved in suffrage and nationalist activity before her involvement in Cumann na mBan. Indeed, Arthur Griffith published some of her writings in the Sinn Féin newspaper. Women’s History Association of Ireland -Annual Conference 25-26 May 2012

Hosted by the Department of Irish Studies, Mater Dei Institute of Education (a college of Dublin City University) Programme Friday 25 May

Gerri O’Neill (MDI, DCU)

Elizabeth Bloxham – the Quiet Revolutionary

For information on registration and on the conference dinner on Saturday 26th May, contact Dr Leeann Lane/Dr Mary McAuliffe at whai@materdei.dcu.ie or see the WHAI website at www.whai.ie

RTE http://www.rte.ie/radio1/the-history-show/programmes/2014/0330/604446-the-history-show-sunday-30-march-2014/?clipid=1518346#1518346 On 2 April 1914, an estimated 100 woman met at Wynn’s Hotel where, four and a half months previous, a meeting had been held to inaugurate the Irish Volunteers. The object of the meeting on 2 April was to found an organisation called Cumann na mBan/the Irish Women’s Council. Among those present were Agnes O’Farrelly, Jenny Wyse Power, Margaret Dobbs, Louise Gavan Duffy, Mary Colum, Mrs Bridget Dudley Edwards, Mary Kettle, Elizabeth Bloxham, and Elizabeth Somers. Officially, Cumann na mBan was an auxiliary to the male-only Irish volunteers.

grave Elizabeth Bloxham Birth:1877 Death: Jan. 23, 1962 Burial: Saint Andrew Cemetery Malahide County Dublin, Ireland

1. http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Duffy-Louise_Gavan.pdf

Duffy, Louise Gavan by Mary Kotsonouris Duffy, Louise Gavan (1884–1969), educator, nationalist and Irish language enthusiast, was born 17 July 1884 in Cimiez, near Nice, the only daughter among four children of the marriage of Sir Charles Gavan Duffy (qv), journalist and politician, and his third wife, Louise Hall of Rock Ferry, Cheshire. Her mother died when she was five and she was reared in Nice by her Australian half-sisters from her father's second marriage; she was educated privately at home. Her interest in Irish was stimulated when she found an Irish grammar among her father's books, although he himself had no Irish. When he died in 1903, she visited Ireland for the first time to attend his funeral and resolved to stay, but was not able to do so until 1907 when a small legacy from her maternal grandmother made it possible to return. She joined the Gaelic League, attended the Gaeltacht in Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo, and became fluent in Irish. After completing a correspondence course from Cusack's College, London, she matriculated in 1907, and subsequently went on to study at UCD, during which time she was a resident at the Women's College, Dominican Convent, Eccles St., Dublin. Having graduated BA in 1911, she managed and taught (1911–12) at Scoil Íde, set up by Patrick Pearse (qv). When Scoil Íde closed the following year, she went on to take the Cambridge teacher's diploma in 1913 and her MA (again from UCD) in 1916. She worked as an assistant in education at St Dominic's Training College in Eccles St. (1915–16). Though best known for her involvement in nationalist politics and the Gaelic revival, Gavan Duffy was sympathetic to the women's suffrage movement and was among the speakers at a mass meeting of women in the Antient Concert Rooms, Dublin (1 June 1912) which demanded an amendment to the Home Rule Bill to include women voters. She joined Cumann na mBan on its foundation in April 1914 and was made joint secretary with Mollie Maguire (Mary Catherine Colum (qv)), who later married Padraic Colum (qv). Politically she was not in any inner circle and therefore knew nothing about the planned Rising until Easter Monday 1916, when she learned of it by chance. Having made her way without any difficulty to the General Post Office she asked to speak to Pearse and impressed on him her opposition to what he and his comrades had embarked upon. In her view their actions were not justified because of the certainty of defeat and the loss of life. Nevertheless, she went to help in the kitchen on the top floor, where Desmond FitzGerald (qv) was in charge, and remained there until the building was evacuated on Friday evening. Her group, led by FitzGerald, was the last to leave, bringing some wounded men to Jervis Street Hospital. On the following day she reiterated to Thomas MacDonagh (qv) her opposition to the Rising, when she went to Jacobs factory where MacDonagh was still holding out unaware of the surrender of the GPO, and had a bitter argument with him. Reelected to Cumann na mBan's executive at their 1917 convention, she was one of a number of influential nationalist women who signed a petition demanding selfdetermination for Ireland which was handed to President Woodrow Wilson by Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington (qv) in 1918. She became involved in 1917 in the National Aid Association and Volunteers Dependants Fund, very likely as a result of her painstaking forays across Dublin to deliver messages to families from men she had met in the GPO and who were now prisoners. In 1917 she fulfilled her personal ambition by opening in St Stephen's Green an Irish speaking school for girls, Scoil Bhríde, with Annie McHugh, who later married Ernest Blythe (qv). The school was raided by the military on several occasions, and not without reason as it was used by some Volunteers as a place to meet or conceal papers: Richard Mulcahy (qv), Desmond FitzGerald and Michael Collins (qv) all had keys, and Collins met Archbishop Patrick Clune (qv) there in October 1920. As a supporter of the Treaty, Gavan Duffy left Cumann na mBan and joined Cumann na Saoirse, the women's organisation which backed the Free State government. After the civil war she ceased to be politically active and concentrated her energies on educational matters. Finance was a continual problem but in 1926 through the good offices of Ernest Blythe, now minister for finance, the school was amalgamated into the national school system, which entitled it to be publicly funded with a senior girls school attached. Her work with UCD's department of education began in 1926 when Scoil Bhríde was recognised for teacher training purposes. Until her retirement in 1956 she was a government supervisor and later lectured on the teaching of French. Having retired she devoted much of her time to the Legion of Mary and to a group which worked with French au pairs in Dublin. In 1948 she was awarded an honorary LLD by the NUI. She gave a lively and lengthy account of Cumann na mBan and the events of Easter Week to the Bureau of Military History, and a lecture on the same topic at UCD in March 1966 to mark the 50th anniversay of the Rising; this was subsequently published. There is little doubt that her close friendship with Ernest Blythe influenced her political outlook and led to a cooling-off in relations with her brother. George Gavan Duffy (qv) was a prominent figure in the struggle for independence and a signatory of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Appointed minister for foreign affairs in January 1922 he resigned in protest when the provisional government closed the dáil courts on the outbreak of civil war. A strong upholder of the rule of law, he voiced his opposition in the dáil to several of the more draconian emergency measures and thus became somewhat of a bête noire to the government. Prompted by Blythe, his sister made it clear that she also failed to understand his reservations. Thereafter, up to the time of his death in 1951, they met only on formal family occasions. Louise Gavan Duffy died 12 October 1969, unmarried, at her home, 7 Kenilworth Square, Dublin and was buried in the family plot in Glasnevin cemetery. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BMH, witness statement (1 Apr. 1949); RTE radio broadcast, 1966; Kathleen O'Brennan, ‘Louise Gavan Duffy’, Leader, 14 July 1945; UCD, Report of the President for the sessions 1955–56 (1956); F. X. Martin (ed.), The Easter rising, 1916, and University College Dublin (1966); Leon Ó Broin, Charles Gavan Duffy (1967); Ir. Independent, 13 Oct. 1969; Ir. Times, death notice and obit 13 Oct. 1969, apprec. 15 Oct. 1969; Cyril Pearl, The three lives of Gavan Duffy (1979); Margaret Ward, Unmanageable revolutionaries: women and Irish nationalism (1983); McRedmond; Ruth Taillon, When history was made: the women of 1916 (1996); Mary M. Macken, ‘Women in the university and college’, Michael Tierney (ed.), Struggle with fortune (n.d.), 142–65; NUI records; information from Máire Gavan Duffy Downloaded from http://dib.cambridge.org by IP 192.168.60.239 on Wed Apr 01 09:27:34 BST 2015 Dictionary of Irish Biography Online © 2015 Cambridge University Press and Royal Irish Academy.All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.

1. http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=20

Louise did not see the Irish land until 1903 when her father was being buried. Then she heard Irish spoken for the first time when she called to the offices of. Shortly before she saw Irish grammar book seller stated in the catalog. When she asked her father told her that his own mother a native speaker but the language that she concealed it. 'I made ​​a resolution that day bhfoghlaimeoinn the language, and when turned to one of my brothers find a couple of booklets Fr. Gramhna some time later, I gave into the spirit'. She came to live in Ireland in 1907 and was a student atMary Aidan in the Dominican College. Women were not allowed to attend lectures in the former Royal University . From NUI she received a degree in 1911 was the Mary Kennedy taught Irish to her.

She received an invitation to take a teaching position in School Ide , school for girls founded by Pearse , opinion this time. Short lived was the school and Louise spent some years studying incollege training in Eccles Street to teacher diploma (Cambridge) recovery. She was active in the Women's Association from the beginning.

In studying his MA her an accommodation in Haddington Road she heard revolt underway. She thought that the mass dhíchéillí the Volunteers but she went straight to the General Post Office.The Pearse kitchen work is that one week.

She was one of the few people who managed to escape from the Post Office by the hospital in Jervis Street. During the turbulent times that followed the rebellion was voluntarily working for the National Aid Society.

In September 1917 she founded and Annie McHugh (marriedBenson of Blaghd later) St. Brigid's School , a secondary school for girls, at 70 St Stephen's Green, Dublin . Twelve pupils have had the first day and 100 in one year. Between 1919 and 1921, often of the First Dáil committees at a meeting and it was a men's refuge house maintenance (see essay in Times at Benson of Blaghd on October 15, 1969). Ventured the Blaghdach support the school and noted that, acting made ​​her a member of the national school. It would be difficult for the state at that time equally help to secondary school. Gaelic medium school and it was educational principles of Pearse prevailing therein. New school building opened in 1965 was present in the School Ide at the Pearse Road Cullen Vinegar, Ranelagh . She gave money to the sisters Terence Sweeney to establish a Gaelic school in Cork . Louise continued to teach in the School Bride to 1947. For several years while she was lecturing in the education department in University College Dublin . In 1962 she made ​​a TV program in the ' Self Portrait ' and she died on 12 October 1969. The President of Ireland attend Requiem Mass in English, which was, again, incredible given that, her father was born before Waterloo when the penal laws were still canceled.

In April 1984 opened the Taoiseach, Garret Fitzgerald TD, events week by Parents Association School Bride ran a tribute to her.Published Lucia School Gabhánach and Brigid Duffy , 1994, a collection of essays and memoirs edited by Mairead Ghacháin .

https://www2.shu.ac.uk/corvey/cw3/AuthorPage.cfm?Author=WB

https://library.villanova.edu/Find/Author/Home?author=Burke%2C+Mrs.

http://cityreaders.nysoclib.org/Detail/objects/2551 Mrs. Burke

Ela: or, the delusions of the heart. A tale, founded on facts. London: Printed for G. G. J. and J. Robinson., 1787.

Emilia de St. Aubigne: A novel. By the author of Ela, or the delusions of the heart. London: Printed for C. Elliot, and T. Kay, Opposite Somerset-Place, Strand, and C. Elliot Edinburgh., 1788.

Mrs. Burke The sorrows of Edith; or, the hermitage of the cliffs: a descriptive tale, founded on facts. In two volumes. ... By Mrs. Burke, ... London: Printed for B. Crosby, 1796.

Mrs. Burke Elliott: or, Vicissitudes of early life. In two volumes. By a lady. London: Printed and published by Geo. Pawthorn, British Library, No. 132, Strand, bookseller to Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales; sold also by Messrs. Richardson, Royal-Exchange; H.D. Symonds, West and Hughes, Paternoster-Row; and J. Wright, Piccadilly, 1800.

The secret of the cavern, Volume 1, mrs. Burke, Lane, Newman & co 1805

http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/gothic_fiction/Biographies.aspx Mrs Anne Burke (fl.1780-1805), novelist, was the author of at least four popular novels beginning with Ela: or, Delusions of the Heart: A Tale, Founded on Fact(1787), first serialised in Columbian Magazine. It is a romantic epistolary novel warning of the dangers of being engaged to a dashing military man, who is secretly betrothed to another. The Secrets of the Cavern (1805) concerns a place of confinement guarded by the ghost of the heroine’s mother. In Emilia de St Aubigne(1788), after storms and ship-wrecks in every sense, the virtuous heroine dies a lingering death. Burke’s relish in the suffering heroine is evident in The Sorrows of Edith: or The Hermitage of the Cliffs (1796) where she commits suicide.

http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/romtext/files/2013/02/cc10_n02.pdf 1796 A. Burke, The Sorrows of Edith (London) Some of the identified Irish female authors who published in Dublin include: Mrs Burke, E. Connor, Anne Fuller, and Tamary Elizabeth Hurrell.

http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9780230287501 Anne Burke’s Adela Northington:

http://www.pickering-chatto.com/PC/Catalogues_and_Lists_files/787Web.pdf ‘Anne Burke, governess, who published eight novels at London, 1785-1805, with inflated prose and melodramatic action. The heroine of the epistolary Eleanora: from the Sorrows of Werter, 1785, turns to religion on her lover’s suicide, and begs forgiveness for him. That of Ela,or The Delusions of the Heart, 1787, sees herself as a disciple of Rousseau, rejects a faithful suitor for a ne’er-do-well and dies still full of masochistic love: this had several English and US editions, and perhaps influenced Ann Radcliffe’s Romance of the Forest … Between 1795 and 1799 (a widow nursing her son through smallpox in a shared room, borrowing clothes but hoping to set up a school) Anne Burke applied three times, humbly, to the Royal Literary Fund; she received 13 guineas in all before her claim was listed as ‘questionable’, [in] 1806.’ (Blain, Clements & Grundy The Feminist Companion to Literature in English, Yale University Press, 1990, p. 157).The first edition appeared in 1787. Rochedieu p. 39; OCLC records three copies only, at the BNF, BL and Augsburg: see Garside, Raven and Schowerling, 1787: 32 for first edition.

https://books.google.ie/books?id=qi84AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA173&lpg=PA173&dq=Anne+Burke,+governess+-justice&source=bl&ots=prGZsr8IXH&sig=s1wjz9cxs34IQEts2x43wN3K5KU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH4YKzxonLAhWFSA8KHRmqAlcQ6AEILzAE#v=onepage&q=Anne%20Burke%2C%20governess%20-justice&f=false The Common Writer: Life in Nineteenth-Century Grub Street Nigel Cross CUP Archive, 9 Jun 1988 - Language Arts & Disciplines - 272 pages Widow and governess forced to sell the clothes off her back to feed her child

http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=burkan

Anne Burke published seven novels at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century. A former governess left a widow with a son to support, she depended on her writing for an income. The play occasionally attributed to her is not hers. If the future AB was indeed born Anne Ustick, she may have been the baby of this name christened in Penzancein Cornwall on 20 September 1763 November 1787 AB's second novel, the single-volume Ela; or, The Delusions of the Heart, A Tale, Founded on Facts, was highly successful, judging from the number of editions which followed the first It is not known how much time elapsed before AB's final financial appeal in August 1806 was followed by her death. Novels

Responding to Goethe Ela; or, The Delusions of the Heart Emilia de St. Aubigne Adela Northington The Sorrows of Edith Elliott; or, Vicissitudes of Early Life The Secret of the Cavern

mentions of the author in gothic fiction Portraiture and British Gothic Fiction: The Rise of Picture Identification, 1764–1835, Kamilla Elliott JHU Press, 19 Oct 2012 - Literary Criticism - 352 pages

http://blogs.ucc.ie/wordpress/theriverside/2013/10/02/hello-world/

We have also taken some synchronous inspiration from an item held in Special Collections The river-side (1807) a verse poem in three books by Richard Alfred Milliken (1767-1815), bound as a quarto volume, and which was dedicated to members of the Cork Library Society.

Millikin, who was of Scottish quaker ancestry, was born in Castlemartyr. His family eventually moved to Cork City where he became a lawyer’s apprentice. He spent time composing poems some of which were published in a Cork magazine, the Monthly Miscellany. He also edited The Casket (1797-8), a monthly literary magazine with his sister, the teacher and novelist, Anna Millikin. His best known poems include ‘The groves of Blarney’, ‘The beggar boy’, and ‘De groves of de pool’. Millikin was also involved in amateur dramatics in the City, writing and performing, and was involved in the establishment of the First Munster Exhibition of Original Pictures (1815). He died in Cork on 16 December 1815 and is buried in Douglas cemetery.

The UCC copy of Millikin’s The river-side was printed by J. Conner’s Circulating-library, Grand-parade, Cork in 1807. It has been recently bound in blue leather with gilt title on the spine. The frontispiece engraving is by Nathaniel Grogan. The book and frontispiece were included in the recent exhibition A Question of Attribution: The Arcadian Landscapes of Nathaniel Grogan and John Butts held in the Crawford Gallery, Cork (February –April 2012).

Reference: Carmel Doyle. “Milliken, (Millikin) Richard Alfred”. Dictionary of Irish Biography.

(ed.) James McGuire, James Quinn. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2009. (http://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do?articleId=a5825) Corfe Castle; or, Historic tracts. A novel 1793 by Anna Millikin

The Rival Chiefs; or, Battle of Mere. A tale of ancient times 1804 by Anna Millikin

Plantagenet: or, Secrets of the House of Anjou; a Tale of the Twelfth Century, Cork 1802

Reading Historical Fiction: The Revenant and Remembered Past

Kate Mitchell

Palgrave Macmillan, 3 Dec 2012 - Literary Criticism - 256 pages http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/m/Millikin_A/life.htm fl.1793-97; b. Castlemartyr; issued Corfe Castle (1793), History of Julia and Cecilia de Valmont (1797), and Eva [q.d.], all by subscription; supported by Lord Boyle, Countess Shannon, Lady Harriet Bernard of Bandon; the Freke family, and others. Rolf Loeber and Magda Stouthamer-Loebber, ‘Fiction available to and written for cottages and their children’, Bernadette Cunningham and Máire Kennedy, eds., The Experience of Reading: Irish Historical Perspectives (Dublin: Rare Books Group and Econ. & Social Hist. Society of Ireland 1999), p.93 [details as above].

https://books.google.ie/books?id=SIRHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=Anna+Millikin&source=bl&ots=ZpYvky9Xa8&sig=xfIkfFkEKl9NaI8DUH7irYauUV0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt6-Hr4onLAhUBUBQKHaSIDK84HhDoAQhBMAg#v=onepage&q=Anna%20Millikin&f=false

The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature

Tobias George Smollett

W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 1803 - English literature

http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/anna-millikin-plantagenet-1802-gothic-516605338

This auction is for Anna Millikin, PLANTAGENET, or, Secrets of the House of Anjou: A Tale of the Twelfth Century. Published Cork: J. Connor, 1802. Volume 2 only of a two volume Gothic novel.

Bound in full leather. Good condition only; leather is worn and rubbed, joints are cracking, chipping to head of spine, foxing internally. A former circulating library copy. Tightly bound and very readable. 258pp.

Rare; OCLC finds copies only at Yale, Notre Dame, the National Library of Ireland, Harvard, and Trinity College Dublin. No copies for sale online; in ten years of collecting, we've never seen another copy.

The Critical Review of Jan. 1803 reviewed this novel as follows: " In these two volumes of Mrs. Millikin, are contained the marriage of William, son to Robert duke of Normandy, with a daughter of the duke of Anjou; preceded by a secret memoir of the ill treatment of the lady’s father to his rightful duchess. It will not be expected that the author has followed facts in a novel; but the work has, however, enough of the appearance of probability to make it interesting."

Anna Millikin was also the author of "Corfe Castle", "Eva", "The Casket" and "The Rival Chiefs". A Guide to Irish Fiction gives the following info on Millikin and this book:

MILLIKIN, Anna (also Milliken) probably born at Castlemartyr (County Cork), fl. 1793, d. Ireland 1824? Novelist and periodical founder, AM was the daughter of Robert Millikin, a Quaker of Scottish descent, and Elizabeth Battaley from a Wilts. (England) family, who brought some fortune into the family. AM's brother was the author and artist Richard Alfred Millikin* . Her grandfather, Robert Millikin, a Belfast linen merchant, with the encouragement of Henry Boyle (later earl of Shannon), had settled on the Boyle estate at Castlemartyr. AM started writing novels in order to restore the family finances, but 'either from locality of situation, or some other cause, her labours proved unproductive? (Millikin, pp xv-xvi). Together with her brother, she founded and contributed to the literary periodical the Casket or Hesperian Magazine (Cork, 1797-98), which was said to have been successful, but its publication was interrupted by the outbreak of the rebellion of 1798. She published her last novel in 1804.

COMMENTARY Partly serialized in the Casket or Hesperian Magazine (Cork, 1797-98). Historical Gothic novel set in twelfth-century France after the battle between king Henry I of England and Robert, duke of Normandy. Henry wins and is eager to take captive William, the duke's son. William escapes and in his wanderings finds out various awful secrets about successive dukes of Anjou. William had hoped to marry the daughter of the current duke of Anjou, whom he had considered his friend but who is intent on betraying William to Henry. In the end the duke of Anjou admits his crimes and allows his daughter to marry William, who has succeeded to the dukedom of Flanders. Eva, an old Irish story. : By the authoress of Corfe Castle [i.e. Anna Millikin].

by Millikin, Anna.

Published / Created: 1795.

BOOK

Corfe Castle, or, Historic tracts : a novel.

by Millikin, Anna.

Published / Created: 1793.

BOOK

Plantagenet; or Secrets of the House of Anjou. : A tale of the twelfth century. Vol. I-II.

by Millikin, Anna.

Published / Created: 1802.

BOOK

An epitome of ancient history : designed for the use of her pupils /

by Millikin, Anna.

Published / Created: 1808.

BOOK

[ http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19010412.2.86 San Francisco Call, Volume 87, Number 133, 12 April 1901 : San Francisco Call, Volume 87, Number 133, 12 April 1901 : GOSSIP FROM LONDON'S WORLD OF LETTERS]

Miss Julia M. Crottie's recently published story, 'The Lost Land, an Irish Tale," seems one of. those which are taking well with readers. The story of the publication, as told by Justin McCarthy, Is one of the most remarkable stories of perseverance under most depressing : and discouraging circumstances ever heard. . .-,.¦ Mr. McCarthy says this novel has a curious history of its own. "When it was written It was shown to a lady friend of Miss Crottie. who took it away with her. read it, and without consent of the authoress sent it for Inspection to a London publisher. The manuscript was lost and no trace of it could be discovered, so Miss Crottie went to work again and rewrote the whole book. * The new manuscript was then sent to tno editor of aS London magazine. The second manuscript was also lost and has never been recovered. Miss Crottie on this second failure felt for a time something very like despair. She bore up. however, went to work again and wrote out the book a third time, her perseverance now being rewarded by success and the appreciation of more than the average number of readers of a story.

graduated with a first class honours degree in Civil Engineering from Queen's College Galway (now NUI, Galway) in 1906. It is understood that she is the first woman to graduate with a degree in engineering in Ireland or Great Britain.

Alice Perry - The Institution of Engineers of Ireland

http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/The_first_nine_women_to_receive_degrees_from_the_Royal_University_of_Ireland_1884

The first nine women to receive degrees from the Royal University of Ireland, 1884.

The Irish Women's Graduate Association, the Central Association of Irish Schoolmistresses, and the Catholic Women's Colleges were all involved in the campaign for full and equal access to higher education for women. The Government finally made law the Universities (Ireland) Act in 1908.

http://www.thejournal.ie/readme/notable-irish-women-in-history-alice-perry-2088823-May2015/

Perry was born on the 24th of October 1885 in Wellpark, Co Galway, the daughter of James and Martha Perry. Her father was the County Surveyor for Galway, a post which involved travelling from Clifden to Gort inspecting public buildings and infrastructure. He and his brother, John Perry, founded the Galway Electric Light Company and John was a mechanical engineer an

This engineering influence within the family must have had an effect on Perry, as she showed an affinity for maths at an early age. She was educated at Millbrook House, then the High School Galway, where her academic abilities gained her a scholarship to attend Queen’s College Galway (now National University of Ireland Galway). She was one of five daughters, all of whom were well-educated and strong supporters of the womens’ rights movement in Galway.

Perry began her third level career as an Arts student, but her maths results prompted a change to Engineering. While studying for her degree, Perry acted as her father’s personal assistant as he carried out his duties as County Surveyor.

“Outstanding ability”

Perry’s ability for her chosen subject shone through in October 1906 when she graduated with a first class honours in Civil Engineering. At the Alumni Association dinner that year, Dr R.W. Leslie commented on the graduating class, including “the first lady to obtain the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in the UK”.

Perry was set to continue her academic career at postgraduate level, but unfortunately her father died and she could not accept the place. She did however take up his post and was the acting County Surveyor for five months until April 1907, making her the only female to take this position. Although she applied for the permanent job when it arose, she did not meet the age or experience criteria, but she came joint second among 17 candidates.

It was remarked in the Connacht Champion (dated 23rd February 1907) “the many and arduous duties of County Surveyor have never been better or more faithfully discharged than since they were taken over by Miss Perry… every member of the County Council has borne willing testimony to her outstanding ability”.

Focus on religion

After a period of unemployment, Perry moved to London in 1908 and joined the Civil Service. This led her to the role of Lady Factory Inspector, a position that involved the monitoring of laws regarding women at work in industrial settings. One of the main responsibilities of this role concerned exposure to toxic substances in factory environments, such as lead and mercury.

She worked in London and Glasgow, where two significant life changes occurred. The first was her religious conversion from Presbyterian to Christian Science, a religious sect that had a base in Glasgow. The second was her marriage to a soldier called Robert Shaw on the 30th of September 1916. This joy was short-lived however, as Shaw died on the Western Front in 1917. It has been suggested that this loss, coupled with grief over the death of her parents, led Perry further into religious life and even though she was offered a promotion to Woman Deputy Superintendent Inspector, she retired from her post in 1921.

The rest of Perry’s life was dedicated to her religious beliefs. She also displayed an interest in poetry, publishing her first book of poems in 1922. In 1923, she moved to Boston, where the Christian Science movement had its headquarters, working as a practitioner and poet, publishing seven books of poetry in total. She made three visits back to Ireland, one of which in 1948 included a visit to the Department of Civil Engineering. Perry died on the 21st of August 1969 in Boston.

Alice Perry was a pioneer, the first woman to smash the glass ceiling for women in Engineering. Although she could not take the opportunity to continue to postgraduate level, she was commended for her work as County Surveyor and made her mark on history as the first female graduate in a male-only discipline.

Alice Perry, (1885-1969): http://www.realizedvision.com/ap.php

Alice Jacqueline Perry graduated with a first class honours degree in Civil Engineering from Queen's College Galway (now NUI, Galway) in 1906. It is understood that she is the first woman to graduate with a degree in engineering in Ireland or Great Britain. Indeed it is possible that she is the first woman to graduate as an engineer anywhere in the world.

Alice Perry was born in Galway in 1885 and she came from a family that had strong engineering traditions. Her father, James Perry, was County Surveyor in Galway West and, together with his brother, founded the Galway Electric Light Company. Her uncle, John Perry was a Fellow of the Royal Society and was well known for inventing the navigational gyroscope. Sadly, Alice's father died soon after her graduation in 1906 and this prevented her from continuing her academic career. She was appointed temporary county surveyor by Galway County Council in December 1906 in succession to her father. She held this post for six months until a permanent appointment was made. Her age and lack of experience dictated that she would not have been appointable to the permanent post. The fact remains that she was the first and only woman to have occupied the post of County Surveyor (County Engineer) in Ireland.

In 1908, Alice and her sisters moved to London where she spent some years working for the Home Office as a Lady Factory Inspector. This involved the monitoring of the laws in relation to the employment of women, particularly in the industrial setting. In 1916 she married Bob Shaw, an Englishman who was serving in the British Army. Her husband left for the Western Front in 1917 and unfortunately he was killed in action later that year. Although brought up as a Presbyterian, she had converted to the Christian Science Church in 1915. She became interested in poetry and published her first work in 1922. The following year she went to Boston, which was the headquarters of Christian Science.

Alice Perry spent the remaining 45 years of her life in the US. Little detail is known of her time there but she worked completely within the Christian Science church. She did however continue her strong interest in writing and poetry and a total of seven books of poems were published by her through the Christian Science Society. She also returned to Ireland on three occasions, 1930, 1948, and 1960, and visited the Department of Civil Engineering during her 1948 visit.

Shortly before her death, she commissioned a memorial slab to her parents in the Presbyterian Church on Nun's Island.

In 1888 Letitia Alice Walkington had the distinction of becoming the first woman in Great Britain or Ireland to receive a degree of Bachelor of Laws from the royal university of ireland

http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/18582/page/495490 -is it 1889 or ?

This is a very interesting speech for women.. see below

WALKINGTON, Letitia Alice was born ABT 1868 in Belfast, (daughter of Letitia Walkington) was in the 1911 census for Belmont Road, Victoria (part of), County Down, Ireland 697,040 Her??

WALKINGTON, Letitia was born ABT 1846 in Belfast and she was in the 1911 census for Belmont Road, Victoria (part of), County Down, Ireland 697,039 The mother from above?

http://www.mocavo.com/Men-and-Women-of-the-Time-a-Dictionary-of-Contemporaries-5/384268/932

https://books.google.ie/books?id=-67bBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=Letitia+Alice+Walkington&source=bl&ots=FFsMsggAyE&sig=4b4uPpv9AgJBDXPNTvYJD5ouzZM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidxNCW6pHLAhUEFQ8KHc8PB344FBDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&q=Letitia%20Alice%20Walkington&f=false

Letitia Alice Walkington - BA (1885), MA (1886), LLB (1888), LLD (1889)

Growth of university education for women.

Nonetheless, despite all these obstacles, the first nine Irish women graduated from the Royal University of Ireland in 1884: five gained honours and four passed. Most of these women had received some of their teaching in Alexandra College, including Charlotte Taylor, the first woman B.Mus. in the UK.

Nine Graces

'The Nine Graces'

Ireland's first women graduates. Royal University of Ireland, 1884

Courtesy Alexandra College, Dublin

Alice Oldham, who received part of her university teaching in Alexandra College and part in the Royal College of Surgeons, was one of these first nine women graduates. Mary Hayden, a second year student of the Royal University of Ireland, wrote about the event in her diary:

... the long procession of hooded and gowned male graduates ... the girls coming last. As soon as they appeared, there was a burst of applause. They looked exceedingly well in their black gowns, hoods lined with white fur and tasseled caps, even the plain ones, and the ordinary looking ones appeared to advantage ... The Duke [of Abercorn] arose and made a rather long speech - quoted that hackneyed old line about 'sweet girl graduates'.

Jessie Twemlow, Marion Kelly, Miss Sands and the Chief Isabella Mulvany looked especially well; not a bit the typical blue stocking which I was glad to see, since Chief Justice Morris having only seen Alice Oldham, pronounced them 'an ugly lot'.

By 1895 there were five women's colleges. These were:

Victoria College, Belfast (1859), originally Mrs. Byers' Ladies' Collegiate School

Alexandra College, Dublin (1866)

Dominican College, Eccles Street, Dublin (1885), later transferred to Merrion Square (1893) where it was called St. Mary's University College

St. Angela's College (Ursuline), Cork (1892)

Loreto College, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin (1894).

Their graduates included many who were to become pioneering women in varying fields of activity: Hanna Sheehy Skeffington, founder member of the Irish Women's Franchise League, Agnes O'Farrelly, co-founder of Cumann na mBan, Mary Hayden, first woman Professor of Irish History in UCD, Louise Gavan Duffy, founder of Scoil Bhríde, the first all Irish school, Mary Colum, author of Life and the Dream, Nora Meade, first woman journalist on the staff of the New York World and Mollie Kiernan, manager of the Irish School of Wireless.

• http://womeninhistory.scoilnet.ie/content/unit4/progress.html
• http://womeninhistory.scoilnet.ie/content/unit4/biog.html#old

• https://www.unz.org/Pub/Nation-1928oct03-00322a02: Journalism from Russia by Norah Meade, The Nation, October 3, 1928, pp. 322-323
• The Nation archives: https://www.unz.org/Author/MeadeNorah
• http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=64506122
• http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pv&GRid=64506122&PIpi=37926241
• Name Norah Meade Date of Birth 18 March 1888 Dublin South Mother's Birth Surname O'Sullivan
• Norah Meade Corcoran
• Birth 1888 County Dublin, Ireland
• Death: Jan. 23, 1954, Ireland
• Pioneering female journalist; humanitarian aid worker who witnessed the Russian famine of 1921 first hand; young proto-feminist scholar; wife of a swashbuckling soldier and self-professed adventurer; literary critic for leading American publications; Irish broadcaster; and finally, forgotten name in Irish history – Norah Meade Corcoran's extraordinary life touches on many different aspects of early 20th century history in a way that few of her peers could lay claim to.

Norah Meade was born in Dublin in 1888. The daughter of a journalist, Patrick Meade of the nationalist newspaper, The Freeman's Journal, and one of four siblings (two boys and one other girl), Nora showed early promise in her studies at the Dominican College on Eccles Street, Dublin. Norah went on to attend the Royal University of Ireland and by the age of 18 had her first article published – in the Irish Education Review – in which she argued for the provision of a dedicated women's only university, in order to ensure women were guaranteed an educational infrastructure of equal value to those traditionally available to those men who could afford it. Norah's next recorded foray into print was in 1910, when she wrote an article titled, ‘The Contemporary Irish National Movement in Literature' for The Freeman's Journal. Norah's literary ambitions however were trained on an altogether wider horizon.

On the 6th July, 1912, Norah boarded the Lusitania in Liverpool and set sail for New York. Travelling alone and listing her profession as teacher, Norah arrived at Ellis Island on 12th July. There is some evidence to suggest that she went to live with her older sister Sheila, who was living and working as a nurse in Manhattan.

Sheila Meade was actually a mystery to the descendants of Norah Meade until as recently as October 2010, when it was only during searches of Norah Meade's archived Grangegorman medical records (pertaining to her admission to the hospital in September 1953, where she remained until her death in January 1954) that this ‘mystery sister' only became known. The existence of Sheila, who, the records make clear, also spent time in an Irish mental facility (Portrane), has been corroborated with other documentation.

Equipped with a top-rate education, an undeniably independent mind and a firebrand ambition, Norah's early movements in New York are unknown, however, what is certain is that by 1915 she had been hired as the first female journalist to write for Joseph Pulitzer's popular newspaper of the day, The New York World. Cutting her journalistic teeth writing about such varied subjects as fashion and even what could be labelled as ‘celebrity gossip' for the era, even the briefest perusal of Norah's work from that period would still quickly demonstrate that the young scholar who argued so passionately for the provision of women's education in Ireland had merely moved onto a new medium in which she could highlight the struggle of women. Thus, her journalism from that period was full of tales of female pilots, business women and suffragettes – all cleverly couched in sparkling prose that belied a crackling wit at all times.

In addition to having her New York World (magazine section) column syndicated – popping up regularly in the far flung Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette in Indiana, for example – Norah also wrote freelance articles for such prestigious titles as The Boston Globe. Indeed, one of Norah's most interesting articles from this period is a personal take on the recently arrested Countess Markievicz for this newspaper. Her sympathy with the Countess is hardly surprising, given her own interest in the independence and civic participation of women, as well as the clear sympathies that her family had for the nationalist movement.

(Indeed, in 1920 Norah's brother, Patrick Meade, was convicted by the British for possession of a bomb and unlawful assembly in the Dublin mountains. He served 18 months, spread between Liverpool prison and Belfast gaol (where he was given permission to marry his fiancé in the gaol chapel). A gifted mathematician and scholar, Patrick went on to become the County Surveyor for Tipperary in later years and when he died, on Christmas Eve of 1951, his funeral received a full guard of honour by the local old IRA).

In 1916, while war raged on in Europe, somebody arrived in New York that was to change Norah's life and who became her travel companion for adventures that few people of the day would willingly have embarked upon.

Austin Patrick Corcoran was born in Cork in 1890. There is some evidence to suggest that his father died while he was young, as his mother married an Edward Boyd (a name Austin did not retain in adulthood) and the three of them were living in Penzance, Cornwall by the early part of the 20th century. Nobody is quite sure how or why Austin retained his contacts with the Cork of his birth or of what education he received, but what is clear is that on the 29th November, 1916, Austin Patrick Corcoran arrived at Ellis Island, and the address he listed was for Sheila Meade in Manhattan.

Austin Patrick was a soldier in the British Army, serving as a despatch rider on the western front from 1914-1916. He published a highly romanticized account of his time in the service in 1919, called, ‘The Daredevil of the Army'. This book not only charts his journey through the hellish landscapes of WWI, during which time he was repeatedly wounded, but also refers to a pre-war life of adventure, referring as he does to having "sailed round the world twice", hunted in Africa and worked as a rancher in Bolivia.

When he came to stay with the Meades in the autumn of 1916, he had listed Sheila Meade as a cousin. It is not known if this was done for the sake of immigrant regulations or if it was actually true. Regardless, whether they were already acquainted – perhaps from college days in Dublin, or as childhood cousins – a whirlwind romance quickly bloomed between Norah and Austin, culminating in their marriage – just 6 weeks later, on the 17th January, 1917 – of Austin and Norah. With no children of their own to worry about, and with the war over, Norah and Austin – both of whom had continued to work as writers / journalists (with Austin making brief forays into working as a salesman) – made a life changing decision to travel to Revolutionary Russia in 1921. They both joined Herbert Hoover's American Relief Administration (ARA), a pioneering humanitarian charity that had received (unlikely) permission from the Bolsheviks to dispense food and other necessities in Russia during the famine of 1921.

Little is known so far about their movements in Russia during that period (although it seems they were there for several months, until such time as Austin contracted cholera). Norah wrote about her time in Russia for the New York Times, and indeed she continued to specialize in literary criticism related to Russia, for such publications as The Nation. Attempts are currently being made to acquire a copy of a report entitled ‘Trip to Berlin' that Norah filed for the ARA and which is now held in the Hoover Institute archive in Stanford University.

The 1920's were a dizzying blur of transatlantic activity for Norah and Austin. Ample records exist to show that they both criss-crossed the ocean repeatedly throughout the decade, with Austin basing himself in New York and Norah spending several years in London (during which time she continued to practice journalism whilst also working in public relations, including for the ARA). Following a trip (purpose unknown) to Bermuda in the spring of 1928 however, Austin contracted pneumonia and finally succumbed to his condition in March of that year. He was buried in Calvary Cemetery, in Queens.

Norah, still splitting the years between New York and London, continued to write through the following years. During this period Norah also helped to establish the national news bureau of the Girl Scouts of the United States, for which she served as associate director from 1929 to 1937. From then until 1942 she was a feature writer for various Catholic charities in the United States (while also continuing with her freelance book reviews etc), and then she worked in the public relations field for the National Council of the Young Women's Christian Association, in the United States. In failing health she eventually returned to Dublin in 1952, where she continued her journalistic career (making at least two broadcasts for Radio Eireann in the spring of 1953, one of which was titled, ‘Newspaper Work in New York: Talk by Norah Meade Corcoran').

Norah died in Grangegorman on the 23rd January, 1954. She was buried in an unmarked single grave in Glasnevin, close to the grand circle area. Her relatives have only recently rediscovered the location of her plot and are intending to erect a suitable gravestone to commemorate her life.

The gravestone will simply read: "Norah Meade Corcoran – Writer and Humanitarian, RIP'.

Visit Austin Patrick Corcoran's memorial by following the link below...

Family links:

Spouse:
 Austin Patrick Corcoran (1890 - 1928)

Burial: Glasnevin Cemetery Dublin County Dublin, Ireland Plot: AD, 27.5, SOUTH Created by: tempelton Record added: Jan 21, 2011