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Tomorrow's World is a 20-minute 1943 Canadian docudrama film, made by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) as part of the wartime Canada Carries On series.[1] The film, produced by Raymond Spottiswoode, described the importance of conservation and rationing during the Second World War, and how tomorrow's world will be more prosperous and better planned because of the war efforts. The French version of Tomorrow's World is Le Monde de demain.

Produced byRaymond Spottiswoode
Edited byErnest Borneman
Distributed byColumbia Pictures of Canada
Quick facts Tomorrow's World, Produced by ...
Tomorrow's World
Produced byRaymond Spottiswoode
Edited byErnest Borneman
Production
company
Distributed byColumbia Pictures of Canada
Release date
  • 1943 (1943)
Running time
20 minutes
CountryCanada
LanguageEnglish
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A film emphasizing both the importance of conservation and rationing, and the increased industrial production, during the years of World War II. It suggests that "tomorrow's world" will be more prosperous and better planned because of the war efforts.

Synopsis

By 1943, shortages in food and resources began to affect all warring nations. In Nazi Germany, conditions began to harken back to the desperate years in the [[World War I}|First World War]] and shortly after, when ordinary citizens were impoverished and forced to severely curtail their food intake. In Russia, families had to contend with the widespread destruction of their homes. Great Britain survived by institution strict rationing of food and other strategic goods along with efforts to salvage metal in both domestic and industrial programs.

Even in affluent North America, the home front has been transformed by the exigencies of a "total war". While households may face the inevitable shortages, "tightening" the belt" has resulted in industrial production turned to manufacturing the weapons of war. The massive amount of goods that are produced may be a concern in the future, with leaders being aware that the Great Depression was caused by greed and poor planning. In order to avoid over production,

as Canadian men are being mobilized to serve in the military, three million women are also mobilized to serve in the "home front". For the second time in a generation, women again have shouldered the burden of maintaining the households and taking on roles that will allow men to fight. From playing a role in hospitals and medical research, industrial labour, hospitality, education and domesticity, the service these women provided to their country is significant.

On the home front, women can strengthen the war effort by strengthening the household, and, if they can, to enter the industrial workforce to supplement men in many positions at munitions factories. Women can take on specialized civilian roles such as driving heavy equipment or flight training at flying clubs.[Note 1] In the military, Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) women became clerks, drivers, photographers, air photo interpreters, weather observers, instrument mechanics, parachute riggers as well as many administrative and technical positions in the RCAF. Most women served at British Commonwealth Air Training Plan stations across Canada.[Note 2]

As the stress of "total war" becomes greater, it is imperative that women in important organizations such as the Red Cross can play a dominant role on the home front. From its headquarters in Toronto, the Red Cross is in touch with depots and workrooms across the country where women provide services that "lessen the suffering of others". Others such as the Women's Institutes and Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire also provide essential services, such as raising funds for weapons of war.

Women will also play a part after the war, in building a new world.

Synopsis

During the Second World War, food has become a weapon of war, validating Napoleon's adage that "An army moves on its stomach." In Allied nations such as the United States and Canada, vast reserves of farmland have to be harnessed to meet the needs of the war effort. While rationing is still in place in Canada for civilians, the food produced in the Prairies have been made available to the overseas military forces.

In other Allied nations, food scarcity is a daily misery. The United Kingdom faces a serious crisis when Nazi U-boats imposed blockades on the high seas. Even with its increase in farmland, only one half of its needs can be obtained through domestic food production, the rest must come from abroad. In the war-torn Soviet Union, Nazi conquest of the Ukraine's wheat fields have led to breadlines which have now become commonplace with the populace facing starvation unless more food can be obtained.

During the First World War, Germany was confronted by wide-scale shortages in food, leading to a breakdown in the will to fight. Hunger brought about Germany's collapse, and the vivid memories of the time of deprivation led to the rise of the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler.

During the inter-war years, Nazi Germany used a frugal "guns or butter" policy, with food producers ordered to assist the war aims of the Nazi government. New uses for food products included fat as a component for high explosives, apples to be turned into synthetic fuel and milk made into lubricating oil. German scientists created other synthetic items include a soy substitute for meat, with the purpose of making the nation self sufficient in food.

In Italy, self-sufficiency in food is also a goal for the Fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini who attempted to re-establish Italy's former glory. His efforts to reinvigorate the nation began with a campaign to increase its population, necessitating a tripling of food production.

The food shortage in Nazi-occupied countries is mainly the result of a strategic policy, the Hunger Plan (Der Hungerplan also Der Backe-Plan). The objective of the Nazi Hunger Plan was to inflict deliberate mass starvation on the Slavic civilian populations under German occupation by directing all food supplies to the German home population and the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front.

Other conquered lands such as Greece and France also face drastic shortages of food. What is allowed, is doled out in grudging order by the Nazis, with the quislings and collaborators being fed first, while ordinary citizens wait their turn and Jews and the insane thrown scraps of what is left over. When the Allied forces are finally able to liberate the conquered peoples of Europe and Asia, providing an adequate supply of food will be one of the first priorities.

The wartime leaders of the Western world also have to face the challenge of feeding its own people, and during the postwar years, the inevitable need to feed hundreds of millions across the globe.

Production

Typical of the NFB's Second World War documentary short films in the Canada Carries On series, Tomorrow's World was made in cooperation with the Director of Public Information, Herbert Lash.[4] The film was created as a morale boosting propaganda film with another purpose, to show how officer training produced future leaders in the Canadian Army.[5]

Tomorrow's World', although using some compilation documentary techniques incorporating newsreel material in the initial scenes, was a docudrama that relied heavily on original footage shot at a military base in Canada, using officers-in-training who were the "actors". Director Julian Roffman was able to cast a number of trainees who would provide a realistic if "wooden" performance as officers.[6] The "stars" of Up from the Ranks were identified in a contemporary review of the film, that appeared in the September 3, 1943 issue of the Winnipeg Tribune: "Stars of 'Up From the Ranks' are mostly youthful commissioned officers who came to Canada as sergeants. There Is Lieut. Roily Ashman, a woodmlll worker near Ottawa; Lieut. Bill Connelly, who did a little radio singing in Ottawa and worked as a salesman; Lieut. John Taylor was a bank clerk; Lieut. Smith, a mechanic; Lieut. Paul Richard, a radio station manager in Quebec; Lieut. Marc Talbot was a foreman of a paper mill; Lieut. Harry Mar - sales, cafe proprietor from the United States, and Lieut. Bill Tichnor was a Ford mechanic. Roger Monast, the French lad in the film, was a stunt flier in 'Captains of the Clouds'. He was washed out of the R.C.A.F. after a crash." [7][Note 3] [Note 4][5]

Reception

Tomorrow's World was produced in 35 mm for the theatrical market, bit was also destined for showings to a military audience. Each film was shown over a six-month period as part of the shorts or newsreel segments in approximately 800 theatres across Canada. The NFB had an arrangement with Famous Players theatres to ensure that Canadians from coast-to-coast could see them, with further distribution by Columbia Pictures.[8]

After the six-month theatrical tour ended, individual films were made available on 16 mm to schools, libraries, churches and factories, extending the life of these films for another year or two. They were also made available to film libraries operated by university and provincial authorities. A total of 199 films were produced before the series was canceled in 1959.[9]

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