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TIPI edit to the NEO-PI-R page

Additionally, a brief measure of personality called the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) has been developed as a way to measure the Big Five personality traits in situations when time is limited. The scale is psychometrically inferior to larger, multiple-item scales; however, it does reach acceptable levels of convergence with more widely used Big Five measures, test-retest reliability, and patterns of predicted correlates, and thus may be useful in situations where very short measures of personality are necessary.^[1]

tentative bibliography

R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The Five-Factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 197–227). N.Y.: Kluwer Academic Publisher.

McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Pilar, G. H., Rolland, J. P., & Parker, W. D. (1998). "Cross-cultural assessment of the five-factor model: The revised NEO Personality Inventory". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 29: 171–188. doi:10.1177/0022022198291009

Piedmont, R. L. & Chae, J. H. (1997). Cross-cultural generalizability of the five-factor model of personality: Development and validation of the NEO-PI-R for Koreans". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28 (2): 131–155. doi:10.1177/0022022197282001

McCrae, R. R. (2001). "Trait psychology and culture: exploring intercultural comparisons". Journal of Personality 69 (6): 819–846. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.696166

McCrae, R. R. & Terracciano, A. (2005). "Personality Profiles of Cultures: Aggregate Personality Traits". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (3): 407–425. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.407

Homework for 3/27

Although many methods have been proposed for studying differences in personality across cultures, one such method is the study of traits, particularly the Big Five. The Big Five personality traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The Big Five model of personality has become the most extensively studied model of personality and has broad support, particularly in the US.^[2]

One approach to examining personality across different cultures has been to examine how average levels of traits may vary across cultures. For example, gender differences in personality, although small compared to variation within gender, do seem to exist consistently across almost all of the 26 cultures studied.^[3] Additionally, when examining the average personality traits of individuals in cultural groups, differences between cultures do exist.^[4] Filipinos, for example, score relatively low on Neuroticism on average, while scoring in the middle of the scale on Extraversion.^[5]

Some controversy exists over whether or not the Big Five are relevant to all other cultures, given that the Big Five were developed via factor analysis in English. Some research does suggest that the same five-factor structure of personality can be found in multiple other countries, based on a translated version of the NEO inventory.^[6] Further, the Big Five traits have been found in the personality ratings of observers in over fifty cultures.^[7] However, it is unclear whether or not the Big Five personality traits are the best measure of personality across all cultures; some researchers suggest that important aspects of certain cultures are not captured when only the Big Five is used.^[8] One proposed alternative to the Big Five that has been developed via cross-cultural research is the HEXACO model.^[9] This model contains slightly altered versions of two of the Big Five traits (Agreeableness and Neuroticism), plus the addition of a trait named "Honesty-Humility."^[10]