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Estimated ancestry proportions
Study	Tool / method	Middle Eastern	European
Lerga-Jaso, 2025^[1]	Orchestra	23.8% (16.6% Levantine, 7.2% ICM)	72.1% (68% Italian, 2.4% Balkan, 1.7% Eastern Europe)
Waldman, 2022^[2]	QpAdm	19%	81% (65% south Italy, 16% Eastern Europe)
Xue et al., 2017^[3]	RFMix, GLOBETROTTER	40%	60%

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[1]
Lerga-Jaso, Jon; Novković, Biljana; Unnikrishnan, Deepu; Bamunusinghe, Varuna; Hatorangan, Marcelinus R.; Manson, Charlie; Pedersen, Haley; Osama, Alex; Terpolovsky, Andrew; Bohn, Sandra; De Marino, Adriano; Mahmoud, Abdallah A.; Bircan, Karatuğ O.; Khan, Umar; Grabherr, Manfred G. (2025-05-16). "Tracing human genetic histories and natural selection with precise local ancestry inference". Nature Communications. 16 (1): 4576. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59936-3. ISSN 2041-1723. Here we mapped our Ashkenazi Jewish as primarily Italian (ITA, 68%), followed by Levantine (LEV, 16.6%), Iraqi, Iranian, Caucasian & Turkish (ICT, 7.2%), Greek & Balkan (GBK, 2.4%) and Eastern European (EAE, 1.7%) (Fig. 3b). This largely agrees with several reports based on both modern and medieval Ashkenazi Jewish DNA
[2]
Waldman, Shamam; Backenroth, Daniel; Harney, Éadaoin; Flohr, Stefan; Neff, Nadia C.; Buckley, Gina M.; Fridman, Hila; Akbari, Ali; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Cooper, Leo; Lomes, Ariel; Lipson, Joshua; Nistal, Jorge Cano (2022-12-08). "Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century". Cell. 185 (25): 4703–4716.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.002. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 36455558. The mean admixture proportions (over all of our plausible models; Table S3) were 65% South Italy, 19% ME, and 16% East-EU (Figure 3A).
[3]
Xue, James; Lencz, Todd; Darvasi, Ariel; Pe’er, Itsik; Carmi, Shai (2017-04-04). "The time and place of European admixture in Ashkenazi Jewish history". PLOS Genetics. 13 (4): e1006644. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006644. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 5380316. PMID 28376121.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[1] [1]
Lerga-Jaso, Jon; Novković, Biljana; Unnikrishnan, Deepu; Bamunusinghe, Varuna; Hatorangan, Marcelinus R.; Manson, Charlie; Pedersen, Haley; Osama, Alex; Terpolovsky, Andrew; Bohn, Sandra; De Marino, Adriano; Mahmoud, Abdallah A.; Bircan, Karatuğ O.; Khan, Umar; Grabherr, Manfred G. (2025-05-16). "Tracing human genetic histories and natural selection with precise local ancestry inference". Nature Communications. 16 (1): 4576. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59936-3. ISSN 2041-1723. Here we mapped our Ashkenazi Jewish as primarily Italian (ITA, 68%), followed by Levantine (LEV, 16.6%), Iraqi, Iranian, Caucasian & Turkish (ICT, 7.2%), Greek & Balkan (GBK, 2.4%) and Eastern European (EAE, 1.7%) (Fig. 3b). This largely agrees with several reports based on both modern and medieval Ashkenazi Jewish DNA

[2] [2]
Waldman, Shamam; Backenroth, Daniel; Harney, Éadaoin; Flohr, Stefan; Neff, Nadia C.; Buckley, Gina M.; Fridman, Hila; Akbari, Ali; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Cooper, Leo; Lomes, Ariel; Lipson, Joshua; Nistal, Jorge Cano (2022-12-08). "Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century". Cell. 185 (25): 4703–4716.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.002. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 36455558. The mean admixture proportions (over all of our plausible models; Table S3) were 65% South Italy, 19% ME, and 16% East-EU (Figure 3A).

[3] [3]
Xue, James; Lencz, Todd; Darvasi, Ariel; Pe’er, Itsik; Carmi, Shai (2017-04-04). "The time and place of European admixture in Ashkenazi Jewish history". PLOS Genetics. 13 (4): e1006644. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006644. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 5380316. PMID 28376121.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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