User:Dustin Runzo/sandbox: face perception 2
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-add background information of face recognition relating to face perception[1][2][3][4][5]
-add to section "in individuals with schizophrenia"[6]
-add information about self-face perception in general[7][8]
-add information about self-face perception in individuals with schizophrenia[9][10]
-add to section "in animals"[11][12]
DRAFT:
Add to Development: For example, newborns (1-3 days) have been shown to be able to recognize faces even when they are rotated up to 45 degrees.[4] When presented with the faces of a white male and a white female, three month old white infants preferred the female face. However, when presented with the faces of an Asian male and an Asian female the infants had no preference. Newborns did not show this preference for white females. This experiment showed that even at only three months of age early life experiences can shape infants' perception of faces, preferring faces that are most similar to their likely primary caregiver.[3]
Add to Adult: Recognizing and perceiving faces are vital abilities needed to coexist in society. Faces can tell things such as identity, mood, age, sex, race, and the direction that someone is looking.[2][3][5] Studies based on neuropsychology, behavior, electrophysiology, and neuro-imaging have supported the notion of a specialized mechanism for perceiving faces.[5] Prosopagnosia patients demonstrate neuropsychological support for a specialized face perception mechanism as these people, due to brain damage, have deficits in facial perception, but their cognitive perception of objects remains intact. The face inversion effect provides behavioral support of a specialized mechanism as people tend to have greater deficits in task performance when prompted to react to an inverted face than to an inverted object. Electrophysiological support comes from the finding that the N170 and M170 responses tend to be face-specific. Neuro-imaging studies such as PET and fMRI studies have shown support for a specialized facial processing mechanism as they have identified regions of the fusiform gyrus that have higher activation during face perception tasks than other visual perception tasks.[5]
After several exposures to a face this structural code allows us to recognize that face in different contexts.[1]
Perceiving an inverted human face involves increased activity in the inferior temporal cortex, while perceiving a misaligned face involves increased activity in the occipital cortex. However, none of these results were found when perceiving a dog face, suggesting that this process may be specific to perception of human faces.[11]