User:GeoWriter/sandbox3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Volcanic Explosivity Index
The Global Volcanism Program has assigned a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) to all except five of Kīlauea's ninety-five known eruptions of the last 11,700 years. The eruption of 1790 has a VEI of 4. The eruptions of 1820, 1924, 1959 and 1960 have a VEI of 2. The eruptions of 680, 1050, 1490, 1500, 1610, 1868, four eruptions in 1961 and the current eruption since 1983 have a VEI of 1. The other seventy-four eruptions have a VEI of 0.
| VEI | Number of Holocene eruptions for which a VEI has been assigned (total=90) |
|---|---|
| VEI 0 | |
| VEI 1 | |
| VEI 2 | |
| VEI 3 | |
| VEI 4 |
According to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, Vesuvius has had 54 confirmed "eruptive periods" during the Holocene Epoch (the last 11,700 years). A volcanic explosivity index (VEI) has been assigned to all but one of these eruptive periods.
| VEI | Number of Holocene eruptions for which a VEI has been assigned (total=53) |
|---|---|
| VEI 0 | |
| VEI 1 | |
| VEI 2 | |
| VEI 3 | |
| VEI 4 | |
| VEI 5 |
Location map tests
.svg)
Darwin Rise location map
Mid-Urals Ring Structure
.jpg)
Lake District location map
McDonald Islands location map
Danube Canyon location map
Cheddar Gorge location map
Volcanic Explosivity Index
The Global Volcanism Program has assigned a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) to all of Mount Etna's eruptions since January 1955.
| VEI | Number of eruptions (total=49) |
|---|---|
| VEI 0 | |
| VEI 1 | |
| VEI 2 | |
| VEI 3 |
Igneous rocks Template
Mohs hardness of moldavite
There seems to be lots of disagreement about the Mohs hardness of moldavite. Here are some of the Mohs hardness values and their sources:
| Source | Mohs hardness | Reference | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemdat.org | 5.5 | [1] | |
| The Drilling Manual (5th edition)edited by Australian Drilling Industry Training Committee Limited, page 607 | 5.5 | [2] | |
| Gemmology by Peter G. Read, page 300 | 5.5 | [3] | |
| Gemstones of the World by Walter Schumann, page 246 | 5.5 | [4] | |
| Correlation of some physical and chemical properties of moldavites by V. Bouška and P. Povondra, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 28, 1964, pages 783-791 | between 6.5 and 7 | [5][6] | |
| Australian Museum | 6-7 | [7] | Hardness value is actually for tektites; moldavites are a type of tektite |
Geothermal gradient
25-30°C per km = 25–30 °C (45–54 °F) (°F per km). Convert from km to mi by multiplying 1.6093 = 40.2–48.3 °C (72–87 °F) (°F per mi).
Hoodoo Mountain - Featured Article review
IMA Mineral name abbreviations
Canary Islands eruptions table
Ordovician regional series and stages table
| ICS series | ICS stage | British series | British stage | North American series | North American stage | Australian series | Australian stage | Chinese series | Chinese stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ashgill | Hirnantian | Cincinnati | Gamach | Upper Ordovician | Bolinda | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian |
| Katian | Rawthey | Richmond | Chientangkiang | ||||||
| Cautley | Maysville | Easton | Neichiashan | ||||||
| Pusgill | Eden | ||||||||
| Caradoc | Strefford | Mohawk | Chatfield | ||||||
| Cheney | |||||||||
| Sandbian | Burrell | Turin | Gisborne | ||||||
| Aureluc | Whiterock | Chazy | |||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Llanvirn | Llandeilo | Middle Ordovician | Darriwiliane | Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | ||
| Abereiddy | Not defined | ||||||||
| Dapingian | Arenig | Fenn | Early Ordovician | Yapeen | Dapingian | ||||
| Whitland | Ranger | Castlemaine | |||||||
| Ibex | Black Hills | Chewton | |||||||
| Bendigo | |||||||||
| Lower Ordovician | Floian | Moridun | Tule | Lancefield | Lower Ordovician | Floian | |||
| Tremadocian | Tremadoc | Migneint | Stairs | Tremadocian | |||||
| Cressage | Skullrock |
Canary Islands - Holocene Bar Chart
- Apple
- Banana
- Orange
- Tenerife
- La Palma
Tenerife and La Palma comparison
During the last 10,000 years, Tenerife and La Palma have been the two most volcanically active Canary islands. The bar chart compares the number of volcanic eruptions (vertical y-axis) at different stages during this time span (horizontal x-axis).[8]
- Tenerife
- La Palma
Geology of the Canary Islands - Image Gallery
Geology of the Canary Islands - Volcanic Landforms Table
Ext_Lnk
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