Today, the standard pitch A is at 440 to 444 Hz. Clarinets are available tuned at 440-442 Hz or 442-444 Hz (each using two different barrels)[citation needed]. If is required to play in an ensemble or orchestra with a higher or lower tuning, the clarinettist will need a shorter or longer barrel
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. Instead of using a longer barrel, he can slightly pull out the existing one from the upper joint. There are also adjustable barrels whose length can be altered by turning a ring. A different mouthpiece and a different reed can also help.
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Tuning is also dependent on temperature of the instrument, the warmer, the higher. The dynamics influences the tuning as well: playing piano results generally in a darker tone, while playing forte produces a higher pitch.
However, it is not sufficient for just the pitch A to be in tune. The clarinet must be in tune with itself, the higher and lower notes must also be as in tune, and this should be verified with a tuning instrument or a tuner-app on a smartphone
["tuner" is sufficient]. In cases of discrepancies, the upper joint may be pulled slightly away from the lower joint, and/or the bell from the lower joint. Any remaining discrepancies must be compensated by the clarinettist through his embouchure, particularly by adjusting lip tension and/or by carefully covering individual tone holes.[1]
