User:Greyhood/Major development projects in Russia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This timeline of largest projects in the Russian economy includes both megaprojects, costing over $1 billion, and other large projects, typically costing between $100 million and $1 billion. Projects with investments below $100 million also may be included here, either as parts of larger projects, or in case of major international significance and media coverage. In case of projects involving new vehicle models, the cost of development is taken into account as well as the cost of production.
The timeline starts from 1992, the first year after the formation of the modern Russian Federation. Project areas covered here include infrustructure, energy, industry, weaponry, communications, science & technology, education, sports, and housing.
The projects are arranged by the actual or expected date of full completion, or completion of their first stage. Megaprojects are listed in bold, while planned projects are listed in italics.
Project areas
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1992
Sukhoi Su-30 multi-role fighter[1] (April) 
Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aircraft is given; originally the spin-off project in the Sukhoi Su-27 family, it was renamed Sukhoi Su-30 in 1996)
State University – Higher School of Economics[2] (November) Done (major university specializing in social sciences; the first Russian higher education institution to adopt the business school model)
1993
Nuclotron[3] (March) Done (the world's first superconductive syncrotron, exploited by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Moscow Oblast; the date of the start of experiments is given)
Ilyushin Il-96[4] (July) Done (the date of the start of passenger operations is given)
1995
Kamov Ka-31 military helicopter [5] Done (naval helicopter with airborne early warning role; the date of adoption for service is given)
Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark" of the Russian Air Force - Kamov Ka-50 attack helicopter[6] (August) Done (the first helicopter with ejection seat; the date of adoption for service is given while the first flights were made in the 1980s; later Ka-50 was modified to the two-seat variant, Kamov Ka-52, and the production fully switched to the latter model)
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro[7] (December) Done (The 10th line in the system; construction of additional stations proceeds)
1996
- Tupolev Tu-204 medium range airliner[8] (February) Done (the date of the start of passenger operations is given)
A Red Wings Airlines Tu-204
1997
Moscow Ring Road reconstruction[9] Done (the highest-traffic beltway of Moscow along the border of the city; while originally built in 1960s, in 1994-97 the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes and turned into freeway)
Tolmachevo International Airport expansion (Novosibirsk)[10] Done (currently the 6th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of expansion is given; further expansions were made in 2000s)
Yamal–Europe pipeline (natural gas)[11] Done- Sportivnaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)[12] (September) Done (The first station of the future Ring Line; the only two-level single-vault transfer station outside Washington DC)
- Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline (oil)[13] (October) Done
1998
Irganai Dam[14] Done (the largest derivational HPS in Russia; the date of the first powerblock installation is given; construction proceeds)
Khabarovsk Bridge reconstruction and doubling[15] (June) Done (with a length of 2.600 kilometres, and 3.890,5 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the sixth longest bridge in Russia; the second stage of the new railway bridge was completed in November 2009)
Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station[16] (November) Done (the date when the first ROS and ISS module was launched; ISS construction proceeds)
1999
Sea Launch[17] (March) Done (International cooperation with major Russian role in technology; Russia controls the reorganized project from 2010 on)
Sakhalin-II (oil and gas)[18] (July) Done (international project in Russian EEZ; the largest integrated oil and gas project in the world, involving the usage of the first ever offshore oil rig in Russia; the date of the start of oil production is given)
2000
- Surgut Bridge[19] (September) Done (the longest span for a single-tower cable-stayed bridge in the world; with a length of 2.110 kilometres, and a span of 408 metres, it is the 12th longest bridge in Russia)
- New Saratov Bridge[20] (December) Done (with a length of 1.315,9 kilometres, and 12.760 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the third longest bridge in Russia; the second stage was completed in October 2009)
North-West Thermal Power Plant in Saint Petersburg[21] (December) Done (900 MW of installed capacity; the first power station in Russia to use combined cycle; the date of completion of the first unit is given)
2001
Rostov Nuclear Power Plant[22] (March) Done (construction of additional powerblocks proceeds)- Caspian Pipeline Consortium (oil)[23] (October) Done
- Baltic Pipeline System (oil)[24] (December) Done (In April 2006 the Baltic Pipeline System reached full design capacity)
Primorsk Oil Port[25] (December) Done (the date of the 1st stage opening is given; the 2nd and the 3rd oil terminals were opened in 2004 and 2006)- Ust-Luga Sea Port[26] (December) Done (the date of the 1st coal terminal opening is given; more terminals were opened in 2000s, construction proceeds)
2002
GM-AvtoVAZ car plant[27] (September) Done (joint venture between General Motors and AvtoVAZ; the date of the start of serial production is given)- Luzhniki Metro Bridge reconstruction[28] (December) Done (contains the station Vorobyovy Gory (Moscow Metro), the world's first metro staion on a bridge; originally built in 1958, it then decayed and was almost totally rebuilt in 1997-2002)
2003
- Park Pobedy (Moscow Metro)[29] (May) Done (The longest metro escalators in the world)
Ladozhsky Rail Terminal in Saint Petersburg[30] (May) Done
Beriev Be-200 dropping the water painted into the Russian flag colours - Beriev Be-200 multipurpose amphibious aircraft[31] (June) Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aicraft)
- Bureya Dam[32] (July) Done (the date of the first powerblock installation is given; completed in 2009)
- Kineshma Bridge[33] (November) Done (1.64 kilometres long)
Severomuysky Tunnel[34] (December) Done (at 15,343 metres, the longest railway tunnel in Russia; the last completed part of the Baikal Amur Mainline)- Third Ring Road (Moscow)[35] (December) Done (the newest completed beltway of Moscow)
- Lefortovo tunnel[36] (December) Done (at 3.2 km long, it is the longest urban tunnel in Russia, and the third-longest in Europe; the last completed part of the Third Ring Road)
- Domodedovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Moscow)[37] (December) Done (currently the largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; the number of passengers expanded from 12.1 mln in 2004 to 18.7 mln in 2009)
Buninskaya Alleya station of the Butovskaya Line, Moscow Metro - Butovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro[38] (December) Done (The 12th line in the system; the first Light Metro in Russia; construction of additional stations proceeds)
2004
- Vnukovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Moscow)[39] (April) Done (currently the third largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; additional passenger terminals were opened in 2006 and 2010)
- Lada Kalina[40] (November) Done (low cost supermini car from AvtoVAZ; the date of the start of serial production is given)
- Moscow Monorail[41] (November) Done
2005
- Yemelyanovo Airport reconstruction and expansion (Krasnoyarsk)[42] Done (currently the 14th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; another major expansion was made in 2008)
Ploshchad Tukaya station of the Kazan Metro - Kazan Metro[43] (August) Done (the first line; construction of additional stations proceeds)
- Sakhalin-I (oil and gas)[44] (October) Done (international project in Russian EEZ; the date of the start of oil production is given)
- Blue Stream gas pipeline[45] (November) Done (actually the first gas flows from Russia to Turkey started in February 2003)
RT (TV network)[46] (December) Done (global multilingual television news network based in Russia, the first all-digital Russian TV network)- Aeroexpress[47] (December) Done (the first and largest air rail link operator in Russia; first aeroexpress line actually built in 2002)
- Koltsovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Yekaterinburg)[48] (December) Done (currently the 5th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; further expansions were made in 2007 and 2009)
2006
- Kamov Ka-60 military transport helicopter[49] Done (the date of adoption for service is given; Ka-60 is expected to be modified into the Kamov Ka-62 in the 2010s)
Triumph Palace[50] Done (at 264.33 metres, it is the site of the tallest European hotel and was the tallest building in Europe upon completion; similar in appearance to the Seven Sisters skyscrapers of the 1950s)- De-Kastri terminal[51] (August) Done (belongs to the Sakhalin-I international consortium; on of the largest oil terminals on the Russian Far East)
The general overview render of the Skolkovo Moscow School of Management campus (currently under construction) -
Skolkovo Moscow School of Management[52] (September) Done (graduate business school located near Moscow; a joint project by major Russian and international business leaders; construction of the new campus proceeds) - Southern Federal University[53] (November) Done (the largest higher education center in the Southern Russia; formed on the basis of Rostov State University and several other institutions)
- Siberian Federal University[54] (November) Done (major higher education center in the Central Siberia; formed on the basis of Krasnoyarsk State University and several other institutions)
2007
- Sukhoi Su-34 fighter-bomber[55] (January) Done (the date of the introduction into the military is given)
NS 50 Years Since Victory[56] (March) Done (the largest icebreaker in the world)- Sheremetyevo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Moscow)[57] (March) Done (currently the second largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; another new passenger terminal was opened in November 2009)
- Lada Priora[58] (March) Done (economy car, the newest car model family from AvtoVAZ; the date of the start of serial production is given)
S-400 Triumf air defence system[59] (April) Done (outshadows the capabilities of world's other active air defence systems; the date of introduction to service is given)- Rusiya Al-Yaum[60] (May) Done (international Russian TV news channel broadcasting in Arabic)
- Khrabrovo Airport reconstruction and expansion (Kaliningrad)[61] (August) Done (currently the 9th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given)
- Father of all bombs[62] (September) Done (the most powerful conventional weapon ever tested)
- Yuzhno-Russkoye field (oil and gas)[63] (December) Done
- Zhivopisny Bridge in Moscow[64] (December) Done (one of the highest cable-stayed bridges in Europe)
Zhivopisny Bridge in Moscow - North-Western Tunnel in Moscow[65] (December) Done (a road and subway tunnel; at 3.1 km long, it is the second longest urban tunnel in Russia, and the fourth-longest in Europe)
2008
- Verkhnechonskoye field (oil and gas)[66] (October) Done (major source field for the Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline)
- Frunzensko-Primorskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro[67] (December) Done (The 5th line in the system; some stations were used earlier as parts of the 4th line)
2009
- 2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow[68] (May) Done (the most expensive Eurovision edition ever)
Yakovlev Yak-130 advanced jet trainer at the 2009 MAKS Airshow - Antonov An-148 regional jet[69] (June) Done (Ukrainian-Russian plane, designed mostly in Ukraine, produced mostly in Russia and from Russian-made details; the date of introduction into service is given)
- Yakovlev Yak-130 advanced jet trainer[70] (July) Done (the date of introduction into service is given)
- Vankor Field (oil and gas)[71] (August) Done
- Dzuarikau–Tskhinval pipeline (gas)[72] (August) Done (gas pipeline from Russia to South Ossetia over the Large Caucasus ridge; the world's highest gas pipeline)
Northern Sea Route international commercial navigation[73] (September) Done- Volgograd Bridge[74] (October) Done (with a length of 1.260 kilometres, and 7.100 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the fourth longest bridge in Russia; construction of the second stage proceeds)
- New Ulyanovsk Bridge[75] (November) Done (with a length of 5.85 kilometres, and 12.98 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the second longest bridge in Russia and the longest bridge in Europe; the first stage is complete)
Sapsan high-speed train on Moskovsky Rail Terminal (Saint Petersburg) 
Sapsan HST on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway[76] (December) Done (the first regular line of high-speed rail in Russia)- Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline[77] (December) Done (the first stage of the project is ready, construction proceeds)
2010
- Kazan Federal University[78] (April) Done (the largest higher education center in the Volga Region; formed on the basis of the Kazan State University and several other institutions)
- North-Eastern Federal University[79] (April) Done (the largest higher education center in Yakutia; formed on the basis of the Yakutsk State University)
.рф (romanized as "rf")[80] (May) Done (the first internationalized country code top-level domain in Cyrillic alphabet)- Sapsan HST on the Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod route[81] (July) Done
- Marussia sports car[82] (August) Done (the first serial Russian supercar)
- Amur Highway[83] (September) Done (at 2,100-kilometers, it is the longest highway in the world, connecting the paved roads of Siberia with those of the Russian Far East)
Sukhoi Superjet 100 prototype on its maiden flight in 2008 - Sukhoi Superjet 100[84] (November) Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aicraft)
Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant modernization[85] Done (first stages launched; the program proceeds)
- Finishing Center in Pervouralsk[85] Done (launched in May 2009)
- Vysota 239 rolling mill[85] (July) Done (launched in July 2010; to be fully completed in 2012)
- Iron Ozone 32 round billet mill[85] (November) Done (will be operating at full capacity in 2011)
- Allegro HST on the Saint Petersburg – Helsinki route[86] (December) (operated by Karelian Trains, a joint venture between Russian Railways and Finnish VR Group)
GLONASS[87] (the world's only operational satellite navigation system apart from American GPS; continuous global coverage is expected by the end of 2010)
2011
- Boguchany Dam[88]
RSM-56 Bulava[89] (the launch vehicle will be introduced into the military in case of successful passing the tests scheduled for 2011)- Gryazovets–Vyborg gas pipeline[90]
Nord Stream langeled pipeline map - Nord Stream langeled pipeline (gas)[91] (the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world)
- Saint Petersburg Ring Road[92] (a 115-kilometer long freeway around the city and the Neva Bay; the last uncompleted part goes through the southern part of the Saint Petersburg Dam, approaching completion)
Big Obukhovsky Bridge, a part of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road - Big Obukhovsky Bridge[93] Done (with a length of 2.8241 kilometres, and a span of 382 metres, it is the 7th longest bridge in Russia and one of the largest cable-stayed bridges globally; the only non-drawbridge over the Neva River; the first stage completed in December 2004, the second one in October 2007)
- Saint Petersburg Dam Tunnel[94] (a 1.2 km long tunnel under the southern lock of Saint Petersburg Dam, the longest undersea tunnel in Russia)
- Sakhalin-III (oil and gas)[95] (the date of the expected start of gas production is given)
- Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline (gas)[96]
- MARS-500[97] (November) (major ground-based experiment fully simulating a manned mission to Mars)
.JPG)
2012
- Russian floating nuclear power station[98] (The world's first vessel, Akademik Lomonosov, was launched on 20th June 2010; at list 7 vessels are planned in total)
Angara launch vehicle mock-ups at the 2009 MAKS Airshow - Angara (rocket family)[99]
- Baltic Pipeline System-II (oil)[100]
- Locomoskayner[101] (disc-shaped hybrid airship; the expected date of production of the first large-size aircraft is given; smaller non-serial models have been built already; project is supported by Ulyanovsk Oblast)
- Nizhny Novgorod Metro Bridge[102] (The combined roadway/metro bridge will lead to the actual separation of the two lines of the Nizhny Novgorod Metro and dramatic increase in passenger ridership)
- Saint Petersburg Dam[103] (a 25-kilometer complex of dams for flood control across the Finnish Gulf; the flood control gates completed in July 2010, while the strengthening of the dam proceeds until 2012; the southern part will form the last stage of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road)
- Skolkovo innovation center[104]
- Yamal megaproject of Gazprom[105]
- Bovanenkovo field (oil and gas)[106] (The largest field of Yamal megaproject)
- Bovanenkovo-Ukhta pipeline (gas)[107] (connects Yamal megaproject to Central Russia)
- Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line[108] Done (525 km long, one of the northernmost railways in the world; opened 12th January 2010)
- Yuribey Bridge[109] Done (with a 3.9 kilometer of length, it is the 5th longest bridge in Russia and the world's longest bridge north of the Polar Circle)
- APEC Russia 2012 in Vladivostok[110] (September)
- Zolotoy Rog bridge[111]
- Russky Island Bridge[112] (the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world)
- Far Eastern Federal University[113] (the new federal university formed in April 2010; the campus is expected to be built by the start of APEC Russia 2012)
- Vladivostok International Airport expansion[114]
2013
- Amur Yakutsk Mainline[115] (the first part of the TKM-World Link)
- Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant II[116]
- Mikoyan MiG-35 4++ generation jet fighter[117] (the expected date of the start of serial production is given)
- Moscow – Saint Petersburg motorway[118] (700-kilometer long, on of the first major toll roads in Russia)
- Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II[119]
- Pulkovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Saint Petersburg)[120] (currently the fourth largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the expected completion date of the first stage of expansion is given)
2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan[121] (July)
2014
- 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi[122] (February)
- Sochi Olympic Park[123]
- Bolshoi Ice Palace[124]
- Maly Ice Palace[125]
- Sochi Olympic Oval[126]
- Sochi Olympic Skating Centre[127]
- Sochi Olympic Curling Centre[128]
- Sochi Olympic Stadium[129]
- Main Olympic village
- International broadcasting center and main press-room[130]
- Krasnaya Polyana[131]
- Sochi International Airport reconstruction[137] Done (currently the 8th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic)
- Russian Grand Prix[138] (the Russian round of the Formula One Grand Prix; the circuit will be built in the Sochi Olympic Park)
Park Pobedy, the first station of the future Solntsevskaya Line - Fobos-Grunt sample return mission[139] (August) (a mission to Fobos, one of the moons of Mars; the first Russian planetary science mission since Mars 96 and the first large-scale extraterrestrial sample return mission since 1976; the expected date of the return vehicle landing back on Earth is given)
- Solntsevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro[140] (The 13th line in the system)
- Kerch Strait Bridge[141]
- Titanium Valley[142] (a special economic zone in the Urals Federal District, centered around the world's largest titanium producer, VSMPO-Avisma; will focus on creating products for the aircraft, automotive, shipbuilding and medical industries)
2015
- PAK FA fifth generation fighter[143] (the first serial non-American fifth generation fighter)
- Vostochny Cosmodrome[144] (the first launch is expected in 2015, the first manned launch in 2018)
- Marine Facade of Saint Petersburg[145] (the largest European waterfront development project, involving the inwashing of 476 hectares of new territories)
- New Sea Passenger port[146] Done (the 1st stage of the port was opened in September 2008; construction proceeds)
- Saint Petersburg City[147] (new business district outside the UNESCO World Heritage historical centre of Saint Petersburg)
- New residential areas[147]
- Western Rapid Diameter[148] (46.6 km long freeway along the seaside part of Saint Petersburg, serving as diameter for the Saint Petersburg Ring Road; in October 2008 the first part of the road was opened; two large-scale bridges are planned across the Bolshaya Neva and the Malaya Neva in the Neva River delta)
- South Stream gas pipeline[149]
- Altai gas pipeline[150]
2016
- Baltic Nuclear Power Plant[151]
- Irkut MS-21 short-range and mid-range jet airliner family[152]
- Moscow International Business Center[153]
- Tower 2000[154] Done (completed at the end of 2001)
- Bagration Bridge[155] Done (foot bridge over the Moscow River adjacent to the Tower 2000; opened in September 1997)
- Moscow Expo Center[156] Done (original pavilions existed from the 1970s and 1980s; new ones were added in the 2000s)
- City Palace[157] (originally scheduled to be completed in 2013, currently on-hold)
- Imperia Tower[158] (scheduled to be completed by the end of 2010)
- Central core[159] (above-ground retail-entertainment center and hotel plus underground metro stations; originally scheduled to be completed in 2014)
- Delovoy Tsentr (Moscow Metro)[160] (a planned station of the Kalininskaya Line of the Moscow Metro; expected to be opened by 2015)
- Vystavochnaya (Moscow Metro)[161] Done (a station of the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro; opened on 10 September 2005)
- Mezhdunarodnaya (Moscow Metro)[162] Done (a station of the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro; opened on 30 August 2006)
- City of Capitals[163] Done (at 301.6 metres, the tallest building in Europe, completed in 2009; commercial exploitation is expected by the end of 2010)
- Naberezhnaya Tower[164] Done (blocks A, B, and C completed in 2004, 2005 and 2007; at 268.4 meters, the 59-story tower C remained the tallest building in Europe until the City of Capitals was completed in 2009)
- Transport Terminal[165] (will provide access to the Aeroexpress lines and the Moscow Metro stations, as well as include offices, hotels, a clinic, and parking; scheduled to be completed in 2016)
- Eurasia Tower[166] (scheduled to be completed in 2011)
- Federation Tower[167] (to be completed in 2011; at 360.4 metres at the top roof or 506 metres with a spire, will become the tallest building in Europe)
Moscow International Business Center - Mercury City Tower[168] (to be completed in 2011)
- City Hall and City Duma[169] (to be completed in 2012)
- Mixed Use Residential, Office and Hotel space[170] (to be completed in 2012)
- Northern Tower[171] Done (completed in 2007)
- Exhibition-business complex[172] (to be completed in 2014)
- Omsk Metro[173]
- Košice – Vienna broad gauge track[174] (the extension of the Uzhhorod – Košice broad gauge track in Slovakia up to Vienna in Austria; eliminating the tranship between the Russian broad gauge and standard gauge will cut rail journey time from the Far East to Europe to 14 days, around half that of maritime transport)
- Shtokman field (gas)[175] (the 5th largest gas field in the world; the largest fully offshore gas field)
- Yakutia–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline (gas)[176]
2018
- 2018 FIFA World Cup[177] (June-July)
- Kaliningrad Stadium in Kaliningrad[178]
- New Zenit Stadium in Saint Petersburg[179] (under construction; to be completed in 2011)
- Luzhniki Stadium expansion in Moscow[180]
- Dynamo Stadium reconstruction in Moscow[180] (under reconstruction since 2008)
- Spartak Stadium in Moscow[180] (to be completed in 2012)
- Moscow Region Stadium in Moscow Region[180]
- Rubin Stadium in Kazan[181] (under construction; to be completed in 2012)
- Nizhny Novgorod Stadium in Nizhny Novgorod[182]
- Yaroslavl Stadium in Yaroslavl[183]
- Samara Stadium in Samara[184]
- Volgograd Stadium in Volgograd[185]
- Saransk Stadium in Saransk[186]
- Krasnodar Stadium in Krasnodar[187]
- Rostov-on-Don Stadium in Rostov-on-Don[188]
- Sochi Olympic Stadium in Sochi[189] (under construction; to be completed by 2014 Winter Olympics)
- Central Stadium reconstruction in Yekaterinburg[190]
- International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor[191] (the world's largest and most advanced experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor; construction started in France under joint cooperation by Japan, the European Union, Korea, China, India, the United States and Russia; the expected date of the production of the first plasma is given)
- Sukhoi/HAL FGFA fifth generation fighter[192] (the fifth-generation fighter being developed by Russia and India; a derivative project from the PAK FA; the date of expected introduction is given)
- Yekaterinburg City[193]
2020
- Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex[194] (the proposed successor to the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station, to be constructed as a combination of some of the old modules with addition of the new ones)
- Rostov Metro[195]
- S-500 air defence system[196] (expected to become the world's best air defence system; the timeframe of deployment is given)
2025
- Central Ring Road (Moscow Oblast)[197] (521 km long ring road in the Moscow Oblast aimed into reducing the transit traffic in the Moscow hub of the Russian federal motorways; the road will include several existing roadways, while the first new part is expected to be opened in 2012)
2030
- PAK DA stealthy strategic bomber[198] (the expected timeframe of introduction to service is given)
- Salekhard–Igarka Railway[199] (some parts are already built; the first part of the renewed project is expected to be completed by 2014)
- TKM-World Link[200] (planned link between Eurasia and North America via the Bering Strait Tunnel, providing oil, natural gas, electricity, and railroad passengers between Russia and the United States/Canada; completion of the first part, the Amur Yakutsk Mainline, is expected in 2013)
- Sakhalin Tunnel[201] (the tunnel between mainland and Sakhalin, the largest Russian island; may be built together with Sakhalin–Hokkaidō Tunnel)