- Nominator(s): – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:47, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
This article is about a language spoken in Cameroon by around 10,000 Nizaa people. I have significantly expanded this article from a one sentence stub to a GA. The main concern I have is the lack of media in the article; however, I think this is due to a lack of free-license images in general, not because I haven't added them. Nevertheless, any suggestions would be appreciated.
Please ping me when starting this review. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:47, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
Pineapple Storage
- Comment as GA reviewer (see review). Given my past involvement with the article and lack of familiarity with FAC (as a first-time contributor to an FAC discussion), I won't attempt to do a full review, but I just want to mention a couple of things that might be relevant for this review: firstly, the TheilEndresen-1991 source is fully accessible to users of The Wikipedia Library. Secondly, a couple of the sources are from University of Oslo (UiO) scholars, and UiO's online repository has (fairly recently, I think) been restricted to members-only access until the content has "been migrated to the national research archive (Nasjonalt vitenarkiv) during fall 2025" (according to the 403 error message). Because of this, Kjelsvik-2008 is currently only accessible via ResearchGate and Pepper-2016 is only accessible via archive link. Kjelsvik-2002 is available via CORE as well as ResearchGate. I hope this helps! Also, I'm not sure whether consistently-formatted dates are a requirement for FA, but just in case they are, it might be worth standardising them throughout the article; I was going to do this myself based on WP:DATEVAR, but looking at the early edits it isn't clear what would be classed as the original format, so I'll defer to @PharyngealImplosive7 on that one! :) Pineapple Storage (talk) 22:39, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
- I've gone ahead and standardized the dates to mdy, just because that's the format I'm most used to. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:04, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
- A further note from me: unless there's another source that I've missed, as far as I can tell the name 'Mengaka' is only attested in one source (well, technically two—Ethnologue 1988 and Ethnologue 1992—but these are consecutive editions of the same publication with the same editor so they don't necessarily represent consensus among sources) and is actively questioned by another source (Theil Endressen 1991). It's then not even listed as an alternative name in Ethnologue 2005; this entry (p. 72) is under Suga as the primary name, with alternatives listed as "Nizaa, Ssuga, Galim, 'Nyamnyam', 'Njemnjem', 'Jemjem'". Given that the attestation for 'Mengaka' as an alternative name is pretty dubious, might it be worth removing it from the bolded list of alternative names in the first sentence of the lead? Obviously it would still be discussed in § Name, but it would just deprioritise it in comparison to the widely-attested names, and potentially avoid having to hatnote Mengaka language for disambiguation. I'd be interested to hear what others think about this issue! Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:06, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- Agreed. I've removed it from the lead. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:55, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- One other point that we discussed in the GA review was that § Kinship system might be a bit out-of-place in § Grammar, as it's more of a vocabulary feature, but we agreed that having a whole § Vocabulary section just for the one paragraph on kinship terminology might be a bit OTT. Does anyone else have any thoughts on what the best option is re FA layout criteria? Pineapple Storage (talk) 17:00, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7: Apologies for the accidental deletion!! No idea how that happened, I thought it would have been an edit conflict but no, I guess I'm just clumsy! 🤦 Pineapple Storage (talk) 17:03, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- I've made a few tweaks to the article (see this edit summary), so please check these over to make sure they're all okay! One other minor note from me: § Morphology currently says "the root vowel lowers to /a/ in Nizaa." Is there an existing article that could be linked to here? Raising (sound change) is linked to later on in the paragraph, so it might not be ideal to duplicate this link, but it's something to consider. Maybe even creating a redirect at Vowel lowering to Raising (sound change)? I don't know. Anyway, really good work on this @PharyngealImplosive7! Well done. Pineapple Storage (talk) 15:23, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- Your tweaks to the article look fine; as for the redirect, since lowering is mentioned at the target article, I've created a new redirect. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:29, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- Looks good! There's a couple of other points I forgot to mention... § Tonology currently says:
Endresen groups the tones into "primary tones" and "secondary tones". I feel like the wikilink here is unnecessary, as technically a "tone group" appears to be a slightly different thing (), and anyway it redirects to Tone (linguistics) which is already linked elsewhere. Later in that paragraph, it says: The "secondary tones", which include rising (HM), falling (HL, MH, and ML), and peaking (LHM) This is a bit confusing, as HM (high to mid) would appear to be falling, and MH (mid to high) would appear to be rising. Endresen (1991) p. 176 doesn't actually classify them further than Primary and Secondary, so it might be worth reworking this bit? Pineapple Storage (talk) 17:36, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- I've removed the wikilink and fixed the error where I classified HM as rising. Endresen (1991) on page 176 does mention the tone groups:
The first four tones, that is H, M, L and LH, are the Primary Tones, which are found on all types of syllables. The flve remaining tones, that is HM, HL, MH, ML and LHM, are the Secondary Tones, which are only found on word-final syllables; they can be interpreted äa Primary Tones plus an addition: 5. H+M, 7. M+H, 8. M+L, 9. LH+M. More details will be given in Endresen (forthcoming).
- – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:59, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes for sure, he discusses primary vs secondary, all I meant is that within those groups he doesn't further group them into rising and falling etc. (at least not within that passage, anyway).MH is still listed as falling in the article?
The "secondary tones", which include falling (HM, HL, MH, and ML), and peaking (LHM) tones Pineapple Storage (talk) 23:49, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Pineapple Storage: Yeah, nice catch for the MH tone classification. It should be fixed now. As for rising, falling, and peaking tones, those are just definitions based on what tones make up the contour. Should I remove the classifications or add a source? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:52, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- No I think it's okay now! I was just concerned before that I might have missed something or maybe there was another location within the source that should be cited here, but now that the HM/MH thing has been cleared up, the classifications are all pretty intuitive so I don't think a further citation is needed. :) Well done again on this!! Pineapple Storage (talk) 00:08, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thanks for the complement! – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:14, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
Image review
- Don't duplicate captions in alt text
- @Nikkimaria: I've modified the alt text for the images that have it. In terms of the MOS:COLOR issue, should I go ahead and remove the image or do something else (sorry, I'm not too familiar with MOS:COLOR). – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 04:33, 2 July 2025 (UTC)
- The alternatives would be to expand the legend to cover all the languages included, or add some kind of pattern or symbol to the map itself. Nikkimaria (talk) 23:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC)
- I've gone ahead and requested someone at WP:GL/M to add a legend/pattern to the map. For now, I have removed the image. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 01:09, 3 July 2025 (UTC)
Sophisticatedevening
Based off of Special:permalink/1298618922:
- Refs 24, 27, 31 and 34 don't point to any citation.
- " Older speakers of Nizaa also pronounce /ɛː/ is also pronounced as the sequence /ar/" This feels a little wordy/confusing.
- "...in one word root (xag or 'to clear one's throat'), and is not consequently, is represented the same as /h/ in the orthography." Also feels very wordy.
- For ref 19, I can't find where it says in the given page for the source that says "extensive documentation began in the 1990s".
- The text mentions "orthography" a lot but I don't really see anything that elaborates on what that is for WP:TECHNICAL.
- All of those should be fixed. Refs 24, 27, 31, and 34 just needed "Theil Endresen" as the last name instead of "Endresen" in the sfns. I fixed the two awkward sentences as well and defined what orthography was the first time it was mentioned in the phonology and orthography section. I also removed the claim about the classification doubts resolving in the 1990s. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:49, 3 July 2025 (UTC)
- Nice, support. Sophisticatedevening🍷(talk) 19:12, 3 July 2025 (UTC)
Airship
The article seems quite reliant on Kjelsvik 2002, which is a "Candidate of Arts and Letters" thesis; I'm not familiar with the Danish academic structuring, but this seems about equivalent to a PhD thesis. WP:THESIS advises to use such theses which "have been cited in the literature, supervised by recognized specialists in the field, or reviewed by independent parties"; as this is a potential FA, I'd like to see evidence that Kjelsvik 2002 meets at least two of those three criteria. Thanks, ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 15:10, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
- @AirshipJungleman29: For the have been cited in the literature requirement, Pepper (2016), Pepper (2010), and Phillip (2011) seem to cite it (which are all the non-Kjelsvik-authored sources that I could find published about Nizaa after 2002). As for supervised by recognized specialists in the field, Kjelsvik (2002) states I must thank my knowledgeable and always patient supervisor, Rolf Theil Endresen, which suggests that Endresen supervised over Kjelsvik's work. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:46, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
- Works for me. Comments to follow if I have time. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 19:55, 11 July 2025 (UTC)
- @AirshipJungleman29: Any update on those comments? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 13:56, 15 July 2025 (UTC)
- Not yet, am quite busy elsewhere. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 13:57, 15 July 2025 (UTC)
- Ok, no problem. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:05, 15 July 2025 (UTC)
- @AirshipJungleman29: Any update? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 03:02, 20 July 2025 (UTC)
Jens
- Great to see such an article here.
- I would expand the lead a bit to properly summarize the article
- Nizaa has a complex phonetic inventory consisting of 65 consonant phonemes as well as numerous tones; in terms of grammar, it preserves verbal morphology much more than is typical for the Mambiloid languages. – The leas has to be as accessible as possible, and this is, I think, too technical (see WP:MTAU). Any chance to explain this for a general reader? In particular, jargon such as "verbal morphology" strikes me as possibly unnecessary; do you simply mean that verbs change? In the body, you could probably avoid quite some jargon, too.
- The language is currently endangered – I don't think we need the "currently" here. Is this for implying that the classification is only temporary? But then, you don't use that word in the article body.
- The language is classified as endangered. – "Classified" implies some formal decision to me, so who did classify it?
- The Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) estimated only 2,000 speakers however, – It would be important to note in the text when this was published.
- Bjørghild Kjelsvik – you red-link her in the lead but there is no red-link in the body. Would she meet Wikipedia:Notability (academics) to warrant an article to start with?
- Endressen (1991) – This academic notation may feel unfamiliar to readers, and we usually write "In 1991, Endressen" or similar.
- 'Sewe' may also be another alternate name for the language, while 'Baghap' is the Nizaa for themselves – Can't follow – the Nizaa call themselves "Baghap", or what? But you stated that the endonym is "Nizza".
- traditionally, it was thought that these animals helped a clan go through some stressful situation in the mythological past – "it was thought" means that they do not believe in this anymore, but that does not seem what the source says?
- though some do practice Christianity or traditional African religions – I do not think that "traditional African religions" does this justice. Africa is a continent. Can we be more specific? Also, this implies that these people practice more than one African religion; is that really the case?
- in research that was supported financially by the Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture – I don't think that is relevant?
- However, his research was not published until 1991.[5] Before this, no comprehensive documentation of Nizaa had been undertaken, – This is somewhat poor wording, and the "Before this" part seems redundant since you already started the paragraph with The language was first studied extensively from 1979 to 1984.
- Furthermore, because another language exists in Adamawa Region also called 'nyamnyam' – "the Adamawa Region that is also called" might work.
Leaning oppose: I am just through the first paragraphs and there are just too many issues, particularly concerning prose, but also concerning WP:MTAU. The article is in need of polishing. Hope these examples help. --Jens Lallensack (talk) 21:09, 21 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Jens Lallensack: Thank you for the detailed feedback first of all.
- I've tried to reduce the complexity of the article as you've suggested (as I'm familiar with the jargon, it's more natural for me to use, but I digress). A few comments specific points you brought up:
- Bjørghild Kjelsvik - I'm really not sure if she meets notability guidelines?? Her papers have been very helpful in the niche field of Nizaa linguistics, but I'm not sure if that really meets criteria one of WP:NPROF. I don't think whether an article for her exists or not is really relevant to the FA nom though.
- That was just a minor point, I complained that linking is inconsistent (linked in the lead but not in the body). Unlink and I'm happy. If you instead red-link consistently in lead and body, note that a red-link is saying "Hey, we lack this article, please create it", so we should only red-link if we are sure that that new article we would actually comply with our notability guidelines. --Jens Lallensack (talk) 04:30, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- 'Sewe' may also be another alternate name for the language, while 'Baghap' is the Nizaa for themselves - I've removed the Baghap claim considering that neither Endresen nor Kjelsvik nor Blench mention it and because Grimes (1988) was published in 1988 may have outdated information.
- though some do practice Christianity or traditional African religions - that was an error on my part; it doesn't really seem like they practice those types of religions anymore.
- – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 01:08, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Jens Lallensack: I've tried to reduce the technicality of the article by adding descriptions for most linguistic terms. Would you be able to do another review of the article and see if you understand it more this time? Thanks – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:24, 23 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Jens Lallensack: (sorry for the repeated pings) The article has been significantly revised (see Aspet's comments below). Would you consider re-reviewing the article or rescinding your oppose vote if you don't have time to do another review. Thanks – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:22, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- Comment User:PharyngealImplosive7, I disagree with User:Jens Lallensack on the usage of phoneme. The current lead (with sounds instead of phonemes) reads sloppily. Phonemes are a very basic linguistic term without which linguistics articles cannot be written. I say revert to "65 consonant phonemes". I would rename "History" to "Background", as I expected a diachronic analysis of the language in that section. It would be nice if you could give examples under "Nouns and pronouns". Finally, I wonder where you got "Nizaa preserves verbal morphology in general much more than most ..." from. The source seems to say (page 30 is 3 pages from the end, right?) that only Nizaa preserves strings of extensions. I'm not familiar with the term extension, but I assume it means suffix or morpheme. In that case, I don't understand it as supporting the claim that Nizaa "has more verb forms". Please, enlighten me if I misunderstood anything. It's a very important article, and good job with it so far! Aspets (talk) 18:48, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- I did not criticize the usage of phoneme explicitly, but I do think it warrants explanation; it's the lead, and when on the main page, it will be seen by many people without any clue about linguistics. You could write phonemes ("sounds"), providing the term but also offering a short explanation in a bracket, and that will be of much help to readers. --Jens Lallensack (talk) 19:03, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets and Jens Lallensack: I've re-added "phoneme" (with an explanation in the lead of what it means). I've also revised the verbal morphology claim to instead say that Nizaa is the only Bantoid language that supports strings of verbal suffixes. Finally, I've added examples of nouns and pronouns to the article. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:08, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 I think a secondary concern would be that we do not infringe on Kjelsvik's copyright. I will not claim any expertise in this, but for example, are the listed nouns all of those which Kjelsvik gives? If we only list a few of her's, we should be fine. Just do not list every single noun she lists.
- In the phonology, you refer to the "phonetic representation", so I assume that the table lists phonemes according to their normal phonetic pronunciation. Then, older speakers do not have any phoneme /ε:/?
- I assume that Kjelsvik gives the forms for the tenses? I would add those. I would also like to get a further description of the mechanisms of the two perfects (or, if it's not very important, just a note that there exist two perfects). Currently, the description mystifies.
- Please move the "Nizaa is ... permits strings of verbal suffixes" down to the same paragraph as, probably just before "A stacking of up to three suffixes to a single verb is grammatical in Nizaa". Either that or as the following sentence. Aspets (talk) 20:28, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: I did not list all of the nouns she provides, though I listed every pronoun. I'm not sure if that would infringe on copyright though, and if I removed some pronouns, the list would feel incomplete.
- Yes, older speakers don't pronounce /ε:/. I've put its symbol in parentheses in the table to emphasize that.
- I've moved the information about the perfects down to a footnote; let me know if I should add more information in the footnote itself. I've also add every tense form. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:43, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 Yes, I think the way you did it was ideal. Of course we need to list all the pronouns, I was just afraid of the nouns. I think I've read enough of the article to actually review it, so I will add a new section shortly. Aspets (talk) 20:50, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- Yes, that's probably a better approach. Aspets (talk) 20:10, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
Second look
- Most of the language's speakers live in and around the village of Galim, a village in the department of Faro-et-Déo. – Do we have to mention twice that it's a village?
- Nizaa has a complex phonetic inventory consisting of 65 consonant phonemes (sounds) as well as eleven tones and features an oral-nasal contrast in its vowels. – I still wonder if we cannot formulate this more plainly. What about: "Nizaa has a complex sound system with 65 consonant phonemes, eleven tones, and a contrast between oral and nasal vowels"? This way, you might not need the explanation "sound" anymore, because you already make clear that it's all about sounds and the reader will be able to follow even if they are not familiar with the term "phoneme".
- I think you need more wikilinks. I personally would link "vowel", "suffix", "verb", and more.
- Nizaa was first extensively studied and documented in the 1980s, by Norwegian linguists – I would remove that comma
- helped a clan go through some stressful situation – maybe "helped a clan overcome a difficult situation"?
- The writing system of Nizaa also has not widely been adopted by the Nizaa people – You don't discuss this writing system anywhere; who invented that, and on what writing system is it based? Arabic? Or is it just the romanization system that was recently devised by that scholar?
- Many also know Hausa, another regional language, or French, due to their historical colonization of Cameroon. – Do they really know French because of the colonization, or because French is one of the official languages in Cameroon today? Germans also colonized Cameroon yet they don't speak German.
- Certain imprecise details of Nizaa were known as early as 1932, – Is this the best wording? "Imprecise" is the opposite of "detail", no? And if you say "certain", that somehow implies that we know what these details were, so I would expect to read about them – maybe just say "Several details of Nizaa were known …"?
- Because another language exists in Adamawa Region also called 'nyamnyam – I commented on that one above already
- linguists often confuse the two languages – "confused"?
- Mambiloid – needs to be linked in body, too.
- Finally, Roger Blench in 1988 classified the Mambiloid languages, along with another language family in Nigeria's Adamawa State, the Dakoid languages, as members of the Northern Bantoid languages, which are a subdivision of the Bantoid language family. – Link "language family". This sentence implies that there are families within a family, is that correct?
- which is where the present classification originates from. – Is that sentence just superfluous? I do not see what it adds.
- However, another linguist, Bruce Connell, in 1997, disagreed with this classification. He suggests – stick with one tense
- genetic relationship between the Mambiloid languages and the Dakoid languages are weak. – singular/plural mismatch
That was the first half of the article, again. I will try to get to the rest of the article if time allows. --Jens Lallensack (talk) 21:02, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Jens Lallensack: Thank you for the detailed feedback. Here are my responses to your comments:
- I've removed the second mention of village.
- Done.
- I've wikilinked some more terms such as 'noun', 'verb', 'vowel', and others as you suggested.
- I've removed that comma.
- Done.
- Clarified. I meant the romanization, not the Arabic script version of Fula.
- The know French because it's a national language today. Clarified.
- Done.
- I've added the transition 'furthermore'
- Linked.
- I've linked language family, and it is perfectly normal for families to be nested within other families.
- Removed.
- I've switched completely to past tense.
- Fixed the grammar issue.
- Thanks – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 21:19, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- Both types of consonants are common in the languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nizaa. – "including Nizaa" is redundant since it was already stated that they occur in the language in the previous sentence.
- Endresen groups the tones into "primary tones": high (H), mid (M), low (L), and rising (LH) found on all types of syllables, and "secondary tones": rising (HM), falling (HL), falling (MH), falling (ML) and peaking (LHM) found on word-final syllables and can be understood as one of the primary tones plus an additional tone. – I don't think the grammar works here. Two colons? Is this supposed to be one sentence?
- Any reason this article is in American English? English is one of the official languages in Cameroon, and that should be Commonwealth English, no? --Jens Lallensack (talk) 15:59, 28 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Jens Lallensack: Everything you mentioned should be fixed; I've also tried to change some words to Commonwealth English, though I may have forgotten some. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:38, 28 July 2025 (UTC)
Review by Aspets
The goal of this review is mainly to make the article read well and to simplify the prose for a layman audience.
- While you note that "the exact classification is still in doubt", the infobox gives a straightforward classification. Which is it? I do not see any source for it being Mambiloid, and further, do write (perhaps in a "Classification") that Mambiloid is a subgroup of Bantoid etc.
- The lead could be expanded with another paragraph, breaking up the linguistic description and the documentation history. For the linguistic description, maybe add that the language features an oral/nasal distinction in the vowels, and maybe something about nouns.
- How do you cite the consonant table? A tip would be to write (if the sources support this): Nizaa distinguishes between labial, alveolar, postalveolar, velar, labio-velar and glottal consonants (etc. with the manners of articulation and the labialiazation co-articulation).
- Do the sources go into more detail on the tones? Specifically, I do not understand if eleven tones can occur on any syllable, or if there are eleven "accent patterns" or something similar. Some examples could help illustrate.
- When explaining head-initial, give an example of an English sentence's head and modifiers. You can cite any "Handbook of Syntax" you have available.
- "however, in noun phrases, the language does not strongly favor putting the main noun before or after its modifiers", this is clunky. Do you understand the exceptions and the rules? If so, you should be able to explain it more clearly. Use simple and few words.
- Do postpositions fall under head-initial? Spell that out.
- Give examples of possesor and possesee. Again, cite some handbook.
- I do not think that "no overt grammatical marking" is the same as a "zero-marking language" (which you have hyperlinked). It should go to Relative clause#Formation methods and the appropriate entry.
- "when the noun is animate, i.e. is a human or an animal" maybe "i.e. refers to".
- "which marks location" does it work like the Slavic locative i.e. it's used when a noun has the meaning of location. Or is it something else?
- The pronouns "in context", does that just mean "in a sentence with a finite noun"?
- Does the vocative really not exist for the second person singular pronoun?
- Please move "Nizaa is the only Bantoid language that permits strings of verbal suffixes" down to the paragraph where you discuss suffix concatenation.
Finally, do you have access to Eliane Sonkoue Kamdem's article "Mengaka tense-aspect system" in the Nordic Journal of African Studies December 2019 issue (vol. 28 no. 3)? Does it concern this language or is the term polysemous? Aspets (talk) 21:31, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: To answer all of your points:
- Blench (1993) states that it is a Mambiloid language and pretty clearly fleshes out the classification of Nizaa (and the Mambiloid languages as a whole). The Mambiloid languages are also part of the Northern Bantoid and Bantoid language families. Maybe that makes the entire classification issue resolved? I'm not sure.
- I've expanded the lead.
- Kjelsvik (2002) does include a consonant table in her thesis, so I've just added a description of the table at the top with a citation.
- No, none of the sources explicitly go into detail about the tones sadly. I do mention in the wikipedia page that noun and verb roots can only take certain tones.
- I've added an English example and cited Fukui (1993)
- I've given a better explanation of how the nouns work.
- Postpositions are a feature of head-final languages so I've updated the article to reflect that.
- I've added an example of a possessive phrase.
- Done.
- Done.
- I think so. I've updated the article to say that.
- Yes, it doesn't seem to exist for some reason. I'm not sure why.
- Done.
- Lastly, the article about "Mengaka tense-aspect system" also relates to a language spoken in Cameroon, but it is a different language.
- – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:00, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 "Blench (1993) states that it is a Mambiloid language ..." Yes, but you need to write it in prose in the article, and give the page from which you source it.
- I think with the pronouns in context, it now reads as if they take those forms either in context or in normal clauses. I'd say replace the "or" with "i.e.".
- Otherwise, I think that clears up the points I've had. Regarding the footnote: WP:DUE is key here. I would suggest you make the call about which detail to go into, keeping in mind that the audience will include people who do not even know what a verb is, and avoiding copying the sources since there is copyright. Also, you need to source the footnote. Aspets (talk) 11:06, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: I've explicitly created a paragraph about classification that says However, in 1983, ALCAM classified Nizaa and another language, Kwanja, as Mambiloid, which is where the present classification originates from. Finally, Roger Blench in 1988 classified the Mambiloid languages, along with another language family in Nigeria's Adamawa State, the Dakoid languages, as members of the Northern Bantoid languages, which were a further subdivision of the Bantoid language family.
- I've implemented your suggestion that changes 'or' to 'i.e.' and I've sourced the footnote. Since it isn't very important anyways and because I don't want to violate copyright as you say, I'll keep the description relatively short.
- – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:58, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- Oh, I must have missed that. Aspets (talk) 15:08, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: No problem. Any other suggestions? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:09, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7
- I think that in the consonant section, some more prose would go a long way to help the uninitiated understand all the strange symbols. The nature of labialization and pre-nasalization could be described with reference to some introductory handbook in phonetics. You should give some background on the implosive and labial-velar consonants: mention that the language is spoken in an area where those commonly occur. Also, perhaps describe how they're produced. The same phonetics source could be used, and for the areal stuff just a handbook of African linguistics or similar.
- The same with tones. A description like "which means that the fundamental frequency (f0) shifts across the word, independently of pragmatic considerations" and maybe something about the presense of tones in neighbouring languages.
- Before you explain "The syllable structure V (a single short vowel) exists only in the particle a", you should illustrate what syllable structure is by showcasing some normal words in the language. "This means that only words which fit this structure are allowed, e.g. cún "tree"."
- Your explanation of codas should probably change from "that follow the vowel in a syllable" to "that end a syllable". I think that's clearer.
- Under "Morphophonology", I don't understand "In some types of suffixes including irregular noun plurals, vowels become /a/". What is this in contrast to? Related languages? Does the stem vowel become /a/, or the suffix's? Also, is this important to include? If it is, we can spare a longer explanation.
- Maybe explain the imperfective aspect in one and the same section. Currently one finds information in both "Morphophonology" and "Verbs".
- "The possessor always precedes the possessee and most adjectives, demonstratives, and numerals also precede the noun they modify." (the signs of head-initialness) should precede the slew of "however" and "alhtough". Always explain the usual situation before going into exceptions.
- I actually think that even definiteness could be explained. Remember, not everybody paid attention when learning grammar in high school. However, all readers know English. Something as simple as "definite nouns are like those with the in English, while indefinite are like those with a" could make it click. Or, in the table, give definitions for the definites and plurals as well: "the house", "houses" etc.
- My sneaking suspicion is that the honorific and vocative pronouns are used similarly. It might be WP:SYNTH or even worse WP:OR to put that into the article, however. Would you like to scour the sources to see if we could simplify the amount of jargon used to explain the pronouns right now?
- Maybe explain the tenses before the locative suffixes? Unless the locative suffixes are heavily used, they seem to take up undue space. Always begin with the most general and important information.
- "does not distinguish mothers and maternal aunts or fathers and paternal uncles from each other, calling them maaŋ and táá respectively. However, maternal uncles and paternal aunts have separate terms to distinguish them from maternal aunts/mothers and paternal uncles/fathers." is hard to keep track of. Can you simplify?
- Aspets (talk) 15:36, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets:
- I've added some information about tones and consonants in general and how they work to their respective sections. I've also fixed the description of the codas. I have also clarified that the root vowel is the vowel that becomes /a/ as you can see in the table in the nouns section.
- I split the information about the imperfective section into two sections because the first set of information is about morphophonology, while the second group of information is about grammar. I've moved the information about relative clauses before all the exception information.
- I've also given examples of definiteness in the noun table. I'm not sure about whether the vocative and honorific pronouns are used similarly, and because Kjelsvik mainly talks about verbs, not nouns/pronouns, there isn't much information there anyways. I've moved the tenses info before locative info.
- Finally, I've simplified the kinship section to make it more readable.
- Thanks – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 16:42, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 I've rearranged the layout in "Consonants" and "Verbs". Please review it and you are free to change it back if you feel it makes it worse. Personally, I think this order makes more sense.
- The "Tonology" section should probably start with "Nizaa is a tonal language" using the Kjelsvik source pp. 12-13. Also, not "common ... as well". Remove the "as well".
- Looking at the noun table, it looks way more cluttered now. Maybe bring back the previous table, but in the headings (Singular, Singular definite, Plural) write "e.g. a house, the house, houses"? Aspets (talk) 17:29, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: I'm personally fine with the rearrangement of the paragraphs in both sections and have added that Nizaa is a tonal language and have decluttered the table. Thanks for all the detailed feedback again. Do you have any further suggestions to the article? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 17:43, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 Yes, I have found the title Classification Interne du groupe Bantoïde by Pascale Piron from 1997. It could be used for the classification. It seems to be in French, but I could help with that. Do you have access to it?
- But more importantly. It seems like Bruce Connell has written The Integrity of Mambiloid which I guess is quite important to the classification of the language. Do you have access to this article/chapter? It's from the year 2000. Aspets (talk) 17:48, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets:
- I don't have access to the book in French and could not find it on the Wikipedia Library either sadly. I don't want to pay upwards of $150 as well. Perhaps we could ask at WP:RX?
- As for The Integrity of Mambiloid, I found this on the web. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 17:55, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets:
- The Integrity of Mambiloid does seem to have quite a lot of useful information, especially Second, it is apparent that Nizaa and Ndoro are the most divergent of the group; sufficiently so that, in the absence of a strong set of unifying features, and until alternative possible alignments are considered, their inclusion in Mambiloid must at this point be considered tentative. (This, however, is not to suggest a closer link between the two.).
- How do you suggest I integrate such information into the article? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:01, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 It might be best to split up the "Documentation" section into one on documentation and one on classification. See English language or Xhosa language for a classification section. Aspets (talk) 18:05, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: Done. I've made a separate section titled "Classification" and added information to it. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:20, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 Yes, to satisfy the requirement of comprehensiveness it is important that any relevant information from The Integrity of Mambiloid is added to the article. Could you do that? I think we can ignore the French article for now, especially if Connell deals with it himself. Aspets (talk) 18:03, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- (edit conflict) I couldn't find an online version of the Piron source, but I did find The Integrity of Mambiloid (archived copy) presented at a conference in 1997; hopefully this is the same as the source you're referring to. I also found Mambiloid Inside and Out: Mambiloid Integrity revisited and the situation of Somyev within Mambiloid by the same author in 2010 (based on the timestamp in the file properties), which also includes a list of further references. Pineapple Storage (talk) 19:08, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 Just a few small things left.
- Under Background, "The writing system of Nizaa also has not widely been adopted" → "The writing system devised by ... has not been widely adopted". Also, are you sure you have the right source for this sentence?
- Under classification: remove "however", "finally" and maybe write "However, Bruce Connell disagreed with this classification ...".
- "connections between" → "the genetic relationship between" since you've already used "genetic group" earlier in the paragraph.
- "He suggests that", remove "finally".
- Under Orthography: move the first sentence to the section between the title and "Vowels", since it applies to both the vowel section and the consonant section.
- Under Consonants: "doubly articulated" could probably be simplified to "articulated simultaneously" with a wikilink to Doubly articulated consonant.
- When discussing the implosive consonants: "which refer to sounds" → "which refer to consonants".
- Under Syllable structure: wikilink ideophones.
- "re-analyzed it as /jiːɰ̃/ in the only word it was known to occur in" → "re-analyzed the only word it was known to occur in as /jiːɰ̃/".
- Aspets (talk) 18:42, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- Also, in the tables: use sentence case (Singular definite, not Singular Definite). Across all tables. Aspets (talk) 18:45, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: Sorry for the delay, I was having lunch.
- Yes, Ethnologue is the correct source. It says Literacy rate in second language: A few adults in Fulfulde, Arabic script. Few can read Roman Script
- Done
- Done
- Done
- Done
- Done
- Done
- Done
- Done
- Done
- I also fixed the sentence case table issue. Thanks – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:36, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 I mean "The writing system of Nizaa also has not widely been adopted by the Nizaa people, because of their low literacy rate", which is sourced to Theil. Aspets (talk) 19:58, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: You are right about that. It should be fixed now. Any further comments? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:01, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- No, I believe I have finished my review now. Well done! I hope it gets promoted. Aspets (talk) 20:16, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- Support – article is well-written and I have specifically critiqued the technical language with the purpose of making it understandable to laymen. The article's editor has been very responsive and fixed the issues, so I believe that it meets the criteria of WP:MTAU.
- It is comprehensive, with every available source used which is important for this language of which not much has been written. The French source mentioned in my review is tangential to the topic, but when it is accessed it may have some information that could be added to the article.
- I have not evaluated the neutrality of the article, but considering the paucity of coverage it shouldn't be an issue. The one disagreement in the classification is dealth with even-handedly.
- The article is stable.
- I have not assertained if there are any copyright violations in the article.
- The lead summarizes the content.
- The structure of the article leaves nothing to be desired.
- I have not looked over the citation practices.
- I have not looked over the media.
- The article is the appropriate length for the topic.
- This article tests whether a topic can be notable, but not able to be promoted to a Featured article. Many of the shortcomings of the article (the uncertain treatment of the tones, the lack of detail in the grammar sections) have to do with the lack of research on the language. However, the article's editor has made a good job with the available sources. While I haven't checked for copyright issues, the citation styles or media, I can to the best of my knowledge confirm that the article meets the other Featured article criteria. Aspets (talk) 20:15, 24 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets, Jens Lallensack, and Sophisticatedevening: Would any of you be willing to conduct a source spot check and/or a check for close paraphrasing? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:30, 29 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 I sadly do not have time. Aspets (talk) 19:36, 30 July 2025 (UTC)
- No problem. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:37, 30 July 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 I have some more comments now that two other reviewers have come with suggestions.
- In Morphophonology, maybe "In the imperfective aspect, coda consonants in final syllables change ..." Remove the "also", and maybe rephrase to "the last consonant in the word" or "word-final consonants".
- A "coda augmentative" – is that supposed to be a suffix or affix? I read "appendix" and that is terminology I'm not familiar with. Maybe explain the morphophonological change i.e. "(e.g. /m/ back to /w̃/.)"
- Do you want to expand on the noun phrases' head-initialness in a footnote?
- Under Nouns and pronouns, maybe use the word "declension"? Does Kjelsvik speak of declension?
- Wikilink "case".
- You've done a good job on the article! Aspets (talk) 07:38, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: Kjelsvik does not speak of declension, so I'm not going to use that term. Otherwise, I've clarified / fixed / added everything you suggested including the footnote. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:02, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets: do you have any further comments to make on the article? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 18:17, 29 August 2025 (UTC)
- @David Fuchs No, why? Aspets (talk) 21:37, 30 August 2025 (UTC)
- I think they are asking because they would like to close/promote the nomination, and wanted to know whether you had anything else to say. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:46, 31 August 2025 (UTC)
- @FAC coordinators: This should be ready to close/promote? Not a lot of discussion has been going on for the last week and the nomination is already quite old. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:56, 31 August 2025 (UTC)
- @David Fuchs I have already voiced my support above. Aspets (talk) 23:02, 1 September 2025 (UTC)
Source review and spotcheck
I am kinda unsure if SIL Global#Criticism raises any questions about reliability, seems like many of the issues haven't anything to do with it and it's unclear how many of these are inside views. "Verb chains in Nizaa" and " Nominal Compounding in Nizaa – A cognitive perspective" seem reasonably cited so I'll let it stay. "Mambiloid Inside and Out: Mambiloid Integrity Revisted and The Situation of Somyev Within Mambiloid" requires additional information. What makes https://mambila.info/ a reliable source? Spotcheck:
- 1 I presume this info is in the subscription-needed section?
- Well, I'll need a quote or something, even for a subscription-needed article. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- I've removed the paid source. The claim is already well-supported in the article. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:39, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:30, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 2 Can't search for the special terms there. And I can't find the Morphophonology part, and the Nouns and pronouns is too technical for me.
- (sources numbered as in this version) The part cited in § Morphophonology is on page 178, and the bit about nouns/locative/clitics is on page 181. If you download a PDF, that should allow text searching I think. Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:39, 31 July 2025 (UTC)
- Not sure that the article's formulation, which implies that all irregular noun plurals undergo this change, is supported. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- Changed the sentence to say that only some noun plurals display these changes. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:39, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:31, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 5 OKish
- 7 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- I added 'quote' and 'quote-page' parameters to this citation. Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:39, 31 July 2025 (UTC)
- Which don't seem to display? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- It does for me? Citation 7 now says:
Kjelsvik, Bjørghild (31 March 2008). Emergent speech genres of teaching and learning interaction. Communities of practice in Cameroonian schools and villages. Faculty of Humanities (Linguistics PhD thesis). University of Oslo. pp. 91–134 – via ResearchGate. p. 91: "the actual site of the present head village, Galim" The other citations for this source use Template:Sfn with page numbers. Pineapple Storage (talk) 13:40, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:32, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 11 Can't access this source.
- Including the 2000 number? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes Blench mentions the 2000 number. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:39, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- What is #11 needed for? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:33, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- Removed. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:22, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 13 Millet and sorgo not mentioned. Where is cattle herding?
- Millet (mil) is mentioned on page 28 in the list of produce farmed, and sorghum (sorgho) is listed as one of the staple foods at the top of page 29. I've tweaked the article to show this. I also couldn't find a mention of cattle herding, but I've added another citation to Kjelsvik-2008 that discusses hunting, fishing, beekeeping and ironsmithing. Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:39, 31 July 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- 15 Need some help at finding this.
- That source has been removed. Endressen and Grimes still support the claim. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- 24 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- Responding to below: How is the Y-axis sourced? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- Oh, I was using an old version of the article. I don't know how then you would divide the y-axis for a webpage. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:23, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- Sorry, I meant the labels for the Y-axis in the table of our article. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:20, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- If you mean the vowel table, each of those IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) symbols is defined as open-mid, open, close-mid, close, etc so we don't need to source that. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:24, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- I dunno, I don't think that this is as clear to people as 2+2=4 would be for example. Perhaps a reference might be a good idea here. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:13, 3 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: I've added a source (the same IPA handbook I used for the consonants section) to the vowel table. As all of your concerns should be resolved now, would you be willing to pass the source review? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:21, 3 August 2025 (UTC)
- 29 Where is this?
- Where in the source that is. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- Read the paragraphs directly below and above figure 2. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:24, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK I guess. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:33, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 32 Can't find this.
- Still can't find that search term mentioned below. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:03, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- I was talking about a different source / was using an old version of the article. You can ignore the comments I made below. The source says The 58 phonemes in the syllable onset System are presented in table 2.There are altogether 21 labialized phonemes, not counting /w/. Notice that the unvoiced dorsal fricative /x/ is highly marginal, as it is found in one root only, /xag/ 'to clear the throat'. The glottal phonemes also have a very low frequency, being found mostly in loanwords and ideophones – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:39, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:36, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 36 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- 36 is an sfn. It has page numbers. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:18, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 39 Can't search for the special terms there.
- If you look at table 3, you will find /j̃/ listed. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:18, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 41 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- This is an sfn and has page numbers. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- I see. It's a bit too technical for me to understand how these particular letters change by tone. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:22, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 43 This says that some sources claim Nizaa is not head-initial.
- Fixed. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- 46 This needs some explanation.
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: Would you like examples or do you mean something else? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:22, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 47 Where is the adposition thing stated?
- I've reformulated that entire section to make more sense. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:23, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 50 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- Is an sfn and has page numbers. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:23, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 51 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- Has page numbers already again. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:26, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 53 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- Same as 50, 51. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:27, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
- 57 This source is too long to work without page numbers.
- Used a more specific page number (120). – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:45, 1 August 2025 (UTC)
- OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:29, 2 August 2025 (UTC)
Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:50, 31 July 2025 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: Thank you for the source spotcheck by the way. The specific webpage on mambila.info seems reliable to me because it was presented at a linguistics conference in 1997.
- Source 1: Yes, Ethnologue is subscription only.
- Source 11: Yes, don't worry about that. Sources 10 and 4 also support this claim.
- Source 13: Millet and sorghum are mentioned on the last sentence of page 28 and the first of page 29. The sentence starts with La nourriture principale des Nizaas. The cattle herding claim has been removed by User:Pineapple Storage and replaced by activities sourced by Kjelsvik (2008)
- Source 15: Kjelsvik (2008) has entire paragraphs on Islamization (During the last 40 to 50 years, the Nizaa have become steadily more islamized...). Endressen (1992) also states La majorité des Nizaas sont des musulmans nominalement, mais il y a aussi quelques chrétiens. Dans la réligion traditionnelle des Nizaas le culte des ancêtres joue un grand-rôle
- Source 24: It does have page numbers (pages 10 to 11)?
- Source 29: Unsure what you mean. Could you please clarify?
- Source 32: See the paragraph starting with Another domain of pitch variation is the word or syllable...
- Source 36: Has a page number already?
- Source 39: Table 3 lists /j̃/ as a coda, so this is fine.
- Source 41: already has page numbers?
- Source 43: Good catch. I've fixed the initial sentence to say that it is neither.
- Source 46: Do you mean expand the information about the head-directionality parameter or something else? Could you please clarify?
- Source 47: and there are a number of postpositions but also at least one preposition is mentioned by the source
- Sources 50, 51, 53, 57: all seem to have page numbers, unless I'm missing something.
- – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:29, 31 July 2025 (UTC)
- I guess this is done now. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:04, 4 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: Thank you for the source review. Do you have time to do a check for close paraphrasing for the article? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 14:55, 4 August 2025 (UTC)
- I didn't notice any during the source comparison. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 16:20, 6 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: Would it be safe to assume that you have passed the close paraphrasing check as well then? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 16:22, 6 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: (sorry if I'm doing this wrong, this is my first FAC nom after all) 3 reviewers have supported based on prose and Jo-Jo Eumerus has passed the source review and seems to have passed the close paraphrasing check as well. Would it be ok to close / promote the article or is it better to keep the nom open? Thanks – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:43, 6 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thanks for the update PI. Perhaps best to include all of the FAC coordinators - @FAC coordinators: . We could do with another couple of general reviews, so we'll keep it open for now. Gog the Mild (talk) 23:44, 6 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thank you for the update. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:16, 7 August 2025 (UTC)
Support by ThO
@PharyngealImplosive7: I have a background in linguistics. Glad to see other linguistics pages get to FAC and I think you've done a bang-up job here. I was planning to review this when it was a GAN, but real life got in the way. Happy to have the opportunity to add my two cents here. Going to begin with a volley of comments, follow up, and then I think the lede needs a bit of expansion to cover the breadth of the page.
- In the lede, delink the first instance "endangered" per WP:SOB; you link it later in a different environment anyway.
- Recommend linking Departments of Cameroon just before Faro-et-Déo.
- Probably should delink linguist per WP:OL, esp since you'll also have another WP:SOB issue if anyone converts that interlanguage link.
- Recommend adding alt text to Endresen's image to assist with accessibility (e.g., "Older man with sunglasses and a baseball cap leaning on a rock")
- Soft recommendation to put the glosses in parentheses for readability.
- I think that having too many parentheses will start to clutter up the sentences (especially in the grammar section), so I'm not sure about this. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:32, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- In Nizaa is the word the Nizaa call themselves, the link for "word" is an WP:EGG; recommend expanding the pipe to include the rest of the clause.
- Nyamnyam is a pejorative term likely derived from the Fula word nyaamnyaamjo 'cannibal' which is further derived from nyam-nyam 'to eat', despite there being no evidence of the Nizaa being cannibals, while Galim is the main town of the Nizaa people – Not sure that there's a reason to give us the full Fula etymology here, nor link Galim to the rest of the sentence; it's a harsh left turn. Recommend rephrasing to something like Nyamnyam is a pejorative term likely derived from the Fula word nyaamnyaamjo ('cannibal'), though there is no evidence the Nizaa have ever practised cannabalism. The name Galim comes from the main town of the Nizaa of the same name.
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:27, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- You should link the town name Galim here instead of in "Background".
- "Mengaka" and "Sewe" should either be in quotation marks or {{lang}} templates in accordance with MOS:SINGLE
- They still appear to be in single quotes for me? ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:08, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7: Repinging since this hasn't been addressed afaict. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:01, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:22, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Any reason Couscous isn't linked?
- Yes, it is not actually traditional couscous in the European sense, but called that by Endresen. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:27, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- Can we clarify that for the reader who might go look up couscous trying to figure out what it is? Perhaps by calling it a "couscous-like dish"? ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:07, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- I think the couscous part is pretty irrelevant (it is just what Endresen calls the dish) so I've removed its mention entirely. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:18, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- though some do practise Christianity a traditional religion that incorporates ancestor worship – Not sure what this is supposed to really say. Also there are two periods here.
- That source quote is quite long. Any real reason for its inclusion?
- @Pineapple Storage:, the GAN reviewer who added the quote for their opinion. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:19, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thank you for the ping! Um... to be honest, I'm not 100% sure why I put the whole quote in there... I seem to remember it had something to do with WP:NONENG, but reading that again now it only says translated quotes should be provided in the event of a dispute, so maybe I misread it before, I'm not sure. Otherwise it might just have been because @PharyngealImplosive7 said he didn't read French, so I wanted to be clear about exactly which part of the source I was referring to and what it said? Again, I don't know, but I don't think it's necessary to keep the quote; if anything, maybe get rid of most of it and keep just the most relevant bit(s)? Pineapple Storage (talk) 15:36, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- Since it's not strictly necessary, I've removed it for now. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- I think this is a good call. We can always re-add it, but given the length of the quote, I think it was a bit outsized. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:07, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- write Fula in the Ajami script of Arabic – I think it might be clearer to say that they write Fula using an Ajami Arabic script, only linking Ajami script.
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- I think "studied" is another WP:EGG; recommend just using documented if that's what's meant here.
- Replaced with documented. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- 'nyamnyam' – MOS:SINGLE, probably needs a capitalization too.
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- linguists often confused the two languages → linguists have often confused the two languages?
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- However, another linguist, Bruce Connell, in 1997, disagreed with this classification. He suggested [...] – Awkward. Recommend However, another linguist, Bruce Connell, disagreed with this classification. In 1997, he suggested [...]
- Mambiloid languages form a valid genetic group (or the languages are each others' closest relatives) – Soft recommend ditching the parentheses here.
- Nizaa and Ndoro,
another language – WP:DUH
- are tentative members of the Mambiloid languages at best – Kind of informal/awkward. Recommend can only be tenatively considered members of the Mambiloid languages
- Replaced. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- that the genetic relationship → that evidence of a phylogenetic relationship – The phylogenetic relationship isn't weak per se, but rather evidence of it is shaky, no? In either case, the term here is phylogenetic.
That's it for now; will tackle the rest of the page later. Again, great work. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:16, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
- I can only tackle this first set of comments for now; I'll be back in anywhere from a few hours to a day depending on how busy I get. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:32, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- These all should be resolved @ThaesOfereode:
- @PharyngealImplosive7: Yes, looks good for this first volley; I will look at the second one shortly. I've left a couple comments above and I've included a small change which appeared to have been half-fulfilled. Let me know if you have a concern about the wording. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:11, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
Second volley
- Missed this on the first go, but shouldn't the lede pronunciation be [nɪ́zʌ̀ː ~ nɯ́zʌ̀ː]? Certainly is should be with the long marker and not a duplication of the vowel, esp since you haven't marked the syllable boundaries.
- Interestingly, the sources always use /ɪ/ and never use /ɯ/, though they do list allophonic variation between the two vowels. Also the reduplication of the vowel is used to signify a different tone (/ʌʌ̀/ is different from /ʌ̀ː/) – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Okay, with respect to [ɯ], do the sources indicate any particular conditions under which it appears? It's fine if it doesn't occur in the name itself, but if there's anything to say about allophony, we should include it. Re: tone, what difference is it signifying? If it's signalling a contour, we need to use the appropriate IPA contours, since this would be confusing to someone with knowledge of IPA but not knowledge of Nizaa in particular. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:14, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- I've used the more common Chao tone letters to represent the name of Nizaa (now it says /nɪ˦zʌː˧˨/. As for [ɯ], the sources again, are frustratingly vague about where each allophone occurs. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:33, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: Endresen (1992), the French source, has information on where each allophone occurs. You may want to check out the vowel section; I added an explanation as to what is used where. The explanation also justifies why [ɯ] is never used in the word /nɪ˦zʌː˧˨/. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 17:01, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yep, excellent addition. Couple suggestions:
- Clarify "it" here (in ). A bit hard to follow for the layman, I think.
- Add a contrastive example showing blocking before the excepted phonemes.
- Remove quotation marks from "back" and "front"; these are not metaphors since they are literally at the front and back of the mouth mechanically. The use of "normal" in quotes is good and appropriate, I think.
- Soft suggestion to reverse the order so that the reader is exposed to the onset first, the placement of the vowel, and then the following consonant whenever possible (e.g., used when a vowel is before /n/ and follows /tʃ, dʒ, ᶮdʒ, ɲ, j, ʃ/ → used when a vowel follows /tʃ, dʒ, ᶮdʒ, ɲ, j, ʃ/ and precedes /n/). This helps the reader follow the process as C1VC2 rather than C2VC1.
- ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:22, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7: Pinging this again. Don't know if you missed it. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:55, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes, I missed it. Thanks for the ping. I've removed the quotes for front and back, reversed the order, added a contrastive example, and clarified what 'it' is. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:06, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- No short nasal vowels at all? Seems odd. Typically, a field linguist might include certain contexts for the shortening of phonemically long vowels. Anything like that in your source material?
- but this distinction has been lost in younger speakers – Soft recommend to link Merger (linguistics) to "distinction has been lost". Might be worth mentioning which vowel collapsed into which.
- eighth nasalised vowel /ɤ̃ː/ from /ʌ̃ː/ - should already be mentioned. I've added the wikilink – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Asking myself as well here, but since /ɤ̃ː/ collapsed, should ⟨ʌ̃ː⟩ be in square brackets (i.e., [ʌ̃ː]), or since it is an underlying phoneme in younger speakers should we keep the slash bracketing? ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:16, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- I think both interpretations make sense, and it doesn't seem like it would be the end of the world to me if we kept the slash. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:34, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Older speakers of Nizaa also pronounce /ɛː/ as the sequence /aɾ/. – One of these is the underlying representation and one of them is the surface. That means one of these needs to be in square brackets (e.g., [ar]).
- Under "Short oral vowels", your unrounded vowels are organized front-to-back (e.g., ɪ ~ ɯ), but your rounded vowels are organized back to front. Why? I would guess that the underlying representation favors one over the other (e.g., unrounded vowels are underlyingly front and vice versa).
- I used the organization that Kjelsvik and Endresen used, but I'm open to changing this (maybe they listed the more common vowel first?). – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- This is a very strange organization, but I don't suppose I have any real objection to it since the information isn't obfuscated in any way by its order. We can keep it as is, I think. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:18, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Now that I have information from Endresen (1992), the organization is this way because the "normal" allophones of the vowels are first. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:10, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- You only discuss marginal phonemes in "Consonants" when your "Vowels" section has two. Why? You point out that your marginal phonemes are in parentheses here, even though you do the same without the explanation above. Consider revising this.
- Older speakers of Nizaa also distinguish an eighth nasalised vowel /ɤ̃ː/ from /ʌ̃ː/, but this distinction has been lost in younger speakers. Older speakers of Nizaa also pronounce /ɛː/ as the sequence [aɾ]. - this is my description for the vowel marginal phonemes.
- Both types of consonants are common in the languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. – Soft recommendation to rephrase so you can include a link to Sprachbund; not a big deal though
- (xag 'to clear one's throat') – What's the contrastive example? Recommend a comma between the word and its gloss
- Are the glottal stops marked as glottal stops in the orthography? Might be worth pointing out if, as I suspect, they're not written at all.
- Footnote seems most appropriate here. It'll also help justify your footnote section since I've often (I think correctly) been suggested during GANs to remove single-note sections and integrate them into the body of work whenever possible. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:19, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Nice suggestion. I added a footnote. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:34, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Why did you pipe "contour" without including the word tone before it? I think this is an odd choice.
- (combinations of tones) – I would clarify this; I think a relatively smart reader might interpret this as a polysyllabic quality rather than a monosyllabic one. For example 指鹿為馬 (zhǐ lù wéi mǎ) requires a combination of tones, but it's four words. A contour is strictly the shift of the tone within the syllable.
- which are indicated in the orthography using a variety of accents → which are indicated in the orthography using a variety of diacritical markers
- Can verb roots participate in tone contour? If so, are they limited to mid and high tones there?
- In § Tonology, the claim that Verb roots can only use the high or mid tones, unlike nouns, which may use any of the three levels. is cited to Kjelsvik 2002, page 18. That page says:
Verbs can have a M or a H lexical tone, as noted above. The root can be augmented with a number of derivational suffixes, and inflected with suffixes. Periphrastic forms making use of the auxiliary á / a᷆ / a etc further expand the paradigm, as we noticed above. (By the way, while researching this I discovered that there are tone contour diacritics in the Unicode Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement block. I drafted a version of the § Tonology table using them, based on the table in Kjelsvic 2002 p. 13, which can be found here, in case you want to add that to the article @PharyngealImplosive7? No pressure either way, of course.)The only bit I could find in Endresen (1992) that discusses the tonology of verbs specifically is the text on page 43, between the diagram and the table; this is my rough translation:This hierarchy is important both from a synchronic perspective and from a comparative and diachronic point of view. For example, in synchronic analysis we find that among monosyllabic verbs there is only one tonological lexical opposition: between the H tone and the non-H tone. In comparative analysis we find that the lexical H tone of monosyllabic verbs corresponds to the H tone of Proto-Bantu, and that the non-H (M and L) tone correspond to the L tone of Proto-Bantu; cf. Endresen (forthcoming). But Nizaa doesn’t just have the three tones H, M and L. By overlooking the downstep and the floating tones, we must distinguish between nine different tones in order to obtain a sufficient description. Other than the three simple tones, H, M and L, there are five double tones, HM, HL, MH, ML and LH, and one triple tone, LHM. Hopefully this helps! And apologies if I've mistranslated any specific linguistic terms that I'm just unfamiliar with in French! Just let me know if there's anything that doesn't make sense. Pineapple Storage (talk) 16:42, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Pineapple Storage: Firstly, great translation, only a few terminology differences that were fairly easy to parse out. I have several questions still though. Are these representations in the table orthographic or are they supposed to be IPA? If orthographic, we need to include IPA. If they're supposed to be IPA, they aren't in line with typical contouring conventions. Are the tones in CVC falling on the nasal coda? I think I've seen this kind of representation before, but only on nasals. I don't think we want to give the impression that this kind of "coda tonality" is possible on coda stops. Again, highly recommending IPA contour conventions here: the current use seems to suggest a syllable break that isn't there and the mid-tone contours are difficult to discern on my screen; I can only imagine what this will be like for someone with accessibility issues. I should be able to add them, but if there are any indications about absolute tone (instead of relative; this is typically a 1–5 number), I need to know to appropriately add. Is there anything in the "Endresen (forthcoming)" that explains the tonogenesis of the mid tone? As an aside, I think CV → CVV → CVC is the more natural progression for the table, but open to suggestions. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:57, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: I believe User:Pineapple Storage is translating the 6 pages in Endresen (1992) that talk about tones from French to English right now. As for the tone table, I've added a separate chao tone letter column and moved the nasal coda accents to the vowel. Sadly, neither Kjelsvik nor Endresen actually gives numerical tone letters, but since there are no extra-high or extra-low tones in Nizaa, I think the chao tone letters are accurate. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:12, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 @ThaesOfereode Thank you both for your patience, here is the Google Docs link:Endresen 1992 translation(I'm hoping that will work!) A couple of the tables are quite lengthy so I left them out, but I'm happy to translate the vocab from them if you need it. Also again, apologies in advance if there are any errors—my French is a bit rusty! :) Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- A couple of quick notes:
- L tone in French is B (for bas) so apologies if I transcribed any by accident and left some confusing tone labels!
- The translation of Nizaa mum is given as just "un" in this paper, so I'm not sure whether it's best translated as "one", "a/an", or both/either (depending on context); this is probably given somewhere else in the literature.
- Wherever I've written "shift" or "shifted", that's a translation of transport or transporter; there might be a more linguistically accurate English equivalent for this, I wasn't sure.
- I've translated substantif as "noun" throughout, hopefully this is accurate(?)
Let me know if there's anything else I can help with! Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:58, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thank you for your work! – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 17:55, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- No problem at all! Happy to help. Pineapple Storage (talk) 16:03, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Endresen groups the tones into "primary tones" and "secondary tones". – Seems better to put the link of "groups the tones" rather than on "primary tones", no?
- The primary tones, high (H), mid (M), low (L), and rising (LH), are found on all types of syllables. – This seems to contradict what you wrote above about the tonal quality of verbs. Clarify. Also, what is "all types of syllables"? Is this a phonological constraint (e.g., CV vs CVC) or is it a stress-based one (e.g., primary vs penultimate stress)? If it's about syllable structure, this section needs to be moved to below "Syllable structure" so that the reader can understand what the possible syllable types are.
- It seems strange that you gave us a rundown of the places of articulation, but haven't made any effort to explain what a tone group is and how it works in Nizaa. I'm totally out at sea with this. Can primary tones occur in syllable-final position (see also above)? What do you mean they "can be understood as one of the primary tones plus an additional tone"? It looks like this was lifted more-or-less verbatim, but it's not clear what that means at all. Are they underlyingly two syllables and the contour arises from the surface pressures? I was so confused by this I looked at the source and it says "Tones will not be discussed in this article" but says that a forthcoming article will discuss it; I suspect it's Endresen's French-language article you've cited, which is oddly only found in the "Background" section despite clear usefulness elsewhere (no mention of nyaamnyaamjo in its sense as 'sorcerer'?)
- For this question and the one above (along with the Can verb roots participate in tone contour question), I'd like to ping @Pineapple Storage: (sorry if I'm pinging you too much!) since they know French and can interpret what Endresen 1992 actually says. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- No problem, yes of course I'm happy to help! I'm a bit rusty on all this, so I'll look back at the relevant sources first. Stay tuned! :) Pineapple Storage (talk) 11:07, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Unfortunately the French article also refers to a "forthcoming" article that will more clearly explain the tone situation, but looking at his list of publications (of which there are absolutely loads, so apologies if I've just missed the relevant one) I couldn't immediately find that "forthcoming" work. His selected publications indicates that his subsequent work was about Fula, so I'm not sure whether the Nizaa tonology was ever published? Pineapple Storage (talk) 16:50, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Pineapple Storage: It seems like pages 43-49 are all talking about tones, the downstep, etc. Would it be possible for you to translate those pages as well (I get it if you don't have enough time) – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:45, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Of course, no problem! Those pages are mostly tables anyway, so it shouldn't take too long. The journal is non-commercial use only (the website specifies CC BY-NC prior to 2023) so I'll do it in a Google Doc and post the link here rather than actually publishing the text on-wiki, if that's okay? Pineapple Storage (talk) 18:57, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes that is totally fine. Thanks. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:12, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thank you for all your hard work on this; it is not going unappreciated! ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:58, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thank you, happy to help! :) Pineapple Storage (talk) 16:04, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- There's no tone table, which I think would be useful. More useful still would be a map of tonal diacritics since you're about to throw a lot of them at the reader and there's not really a useful way to understand it. Case in point, is sìì low? Is yîm LHL, LHM, or MHL?
- Leaving tone for a moment, you can just get rid of the phrase "such as the word" per WP:POSA. Recommend a comma between word and gloss as above.
- Why are you marking long vowels with VV? Are they polymoraic? You should say if they are since that's what outlines the syllable constraints. The French-language source from Endresen seems to indicate that they are (p. 33).
- You're not consistent with Endresen's name; sometimes it's just Endresen, other times is Thiel Endresen.
- As an aside, strange that the Norwegian Wikipedia page only includes "Theil" (as do his University of Oslo, Google Scholar, Academia.edu, and researchgate.net pages!), but he seems to cite himself as Endresen (cf. 1991 p. 176)?
- I've standardized the name to Endresen. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Can you do the same for the citation? It still reads with Theil in the {{sfn}}s. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:59, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Call the root vowel change vowel lowering. Since it's not a phenomenon unique to Nizaa, I recommend redlinking it.
- Why are you only discussing the lenition in coda wrt imperfectives? The source gives an example of fortition in augmentatives, which seems worthy of mention.
- You link Raising (linguistics) which leads to a disambiguation page. Bluelink or redlink it.
- syllables ending in nasal vowels raise → and syllables ending in nasal vowels raise
Will tackle grammar later on. ThaesOfereode (talk) 15:06, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
- Most of these should be resolved. I'll wait for Pineapple Storage to explain to me what Endresen 1992 says about tones. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:15, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- Sure thing, no problem. Thanks for your patience as I sling through this slowly (and nickpickingly!). ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:02, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: I've added a lot more information about Nizaa tonology from Endresen (1992). Could you take a look at that section again and see if you understand it? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 19:14, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Okay, the biggest takeaway from these changes is that we absolutely positively must establish a universal orthography for this page; I can barely follow this page with its two principal sources competing for orthographic dominance. We cannot have "!" mark a downstep for an African language when /!/ exists in several neighboring languages; I thought I missed a new addition to phonology for a moment. Mark it with ꜜ◌ instead, since the exclamation is alternative for a typographical constraint we don't have here. The macron likewise needs to be removed. Its use in the "Sample text" section looks like a failed copy–paste; kekirā́ should be, I believe, kekira᷇, and it looks like there are similar issues passim. You should do a pass through and make sure these are rectified. I recommend just using Chao, but if you can use the prescribed IPA orthography that's fine too. Bottom line is that I don't want the reader to be guessing the whole time like I am now.
- Other major takeaways:
- Monosyllabic nouns can only have the syllable structures CVV and CVC – There are no instances of a (with tone) that are nominal?
- Tone grouping still has not been explained. Is there not even a broad approach to this that we can use to explain to the audience what this is? I speak two tonal languages and I don't know what these groups are meant to signify; I can't even tell if this is a morphophonological or a phonosemantic phenomenon. My hunch is that it might be a sandhi phenomenon obfuscated by sound changes, but that's just a guess. The link is good and should stay, but it simply redirects to Tone (linguistics).
- It's unclear why you introduce ° without giving an example.
- ŋun 'boy/girl', with a mid tone, and ɓʉʉ, with a floating mid tone sound the same – They have the same tone, but they don't sound the same, right?
- ɓʉʉ́ is a rising tone – You've marked a high tone here.
- the result is inaudible – No. There simply is no change.
- bɔ̀ɔ́ŋ 'egg' merges with the mid tone in mum when the two words are combined – Endresen has ɓɔ̨̀ɔ̨́ mum as 'one egg', seemingly unaffected by the tone shift, no? It's not merging; it simply has not been affected per above.
- You need a counter-example here.
- Do you have the right tone on ɓo᷄w? Seems like that's mid–high, not high–mid, but the sentence is a bit confusing.
- Soft recommend placing the tone table after the second syllable.
- Will continue to review, but those were my main findings with the new content. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:10, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: I have tried to standardize the orthography by removing any of the macrons and using the hook accents. I've also used ꜜH to represent the downstep. As for your other concerns:
- Monosyllabic nouns can only have the syllable structures CVV and CVC - no nouns use a with tone. That is reserved for the copula and auxiliaries.
- I'm not sure how to put this into the article but I think the tones groups are just a way to show which tones are the main tones (primary) and which ones are derived through floating tone attachment, suffixing (e.g. suffixing of the L tone for definiteness), or tone-shift (secondary tones).
- It's unclear why you introduce ° without giving an example. - it is just a shorthand so I don't need to write "the floating tone" multiple times, as that gets repetitive. It is used in the paragraph and in the table.
- ŋun 'boy/girl', with a mid tone, and ɓʉʉ, with a floating mid tone sound the same – They have the same tone, but they don't sound the same, right? - yes right, clarified.
- ɓʉʉ́ is a rising tone - I think you misread the tone table, a high tone would have an acute on both vowels (see the CVV section of the tone table)
- bɔ̀ɔ́ŋ 'egg' merges with the mid tone in mum when the two words are combined - yes right, they are not merging; clarified. Also I added a counter-example in the next sentence.
- Do you have the right tone on ɓo᷄w? - I had the wrong tone. Thanks for correcting me. I've scanned the entire article for any incorrect tones and have fixed hopefully all of my errors, but there still may be a few outstanding ones.
- Soft recommend placing the tone table after the second syllable. - unsure what you mean by syllable.
- Thanks for the detailed feedback again; it is helping the article become better. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:54, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- {{ping|ThaesOfereode}] This section should also be largely resolved. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:23, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Top to bottom:
- Cool, no problem.
- Yeah, that's fine; I just don't know how helpful it is to the reader. What's the point of introducing a linguist's convention if you don't really use it passim. You write "floating tone" three times after the fact..
- Okay.
- Good fix.
- Part of my frustration with the orthography. Though this has brought something else to my attention: this syllable is CVVC, no? Where is that in the analysis?
- I haven't caught any so far, but will let you know if I find any.
- Sorry, I meant moving the table to after the second paragraph of the section; I think the table will be useful to read before approaching the rest.
- Glad the feedback is coming across as helpful. I always worry it comes across as mean-hearted! ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:34, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: bɔ̀ɔ́ŋ is not CVVC, rather it is CVV with a nasal long vowel. As for the degree symbol / floating tones, I'm only using "floating tones" to describe them in general, so I think the setup is fine. I've also moved the table as you suggested. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:47, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
Trout on my end; apologies for the mixup. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:39, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: Is this section resolved? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:55, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- Not quite. I've pinged you again toward the top of this volley. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:05, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: Thanks for the reminder (I didn't see that before); now everything should be resolved. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:10, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- Okay, I've done a final sweep (mostly for my nitpicking that I don't think I'm justified bothering you here for). I apologize for the delay; I was going to make recommendations to the lead, but other than vaguely recommending you expand it somewhat to make it more summary, I don't have much to add. This article's writing is excellent, the facts contained therein are faithful to the source material, and the content is comprehensive in its approach to this language. Great work, PI7; I'm happy to support on prose and factual content. ThaesOfereode (talk) 10:16, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
Third volley
- Recommend using the full phrase subject–verb–object (with endashes), with SVO in parentheses.
- In noun phrases,
the language is neither head-initial nor head-final, i.e. some nouns are head-initial while others are head-final. – WP:POSA
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Is there any evidence (or source material) that says this is an underlyingly head-initial/head-final language? I understand if not, but would be great color.
- there is evidence of at least one preposition – Non-actionable: Ugh, I looked at the source and this is so frustratingly vague!
- Yes, I understand the frustration; these sources are sometimes annoying vague. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- On re-read, isn't it wú? ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:03, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes it is. Added to the article. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:39, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- possessee → possessor
- {@ThaesOfereode: Unsure what this means? possessor always precedes the possessor sounds wrong and is incorrect.
- Uh, yeah clear misread on my end. I believed I meant to write possessed, but I'm not sure it matters; it's clear enough. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:00, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- These examples from Kjelsvik are excellent, but the orthography is difficult based on previous sections. What is the macron doing? I imagine length, but these are duplicated in your orthographic conventions above... and in some of your examples here. Also, is the circumflex supposed to be a LHL or MHL or LHM? Hard to tell.
- I think the macron represents a mid tone? I didn't make the orthography, so I'm not entirely sure, but we should probably use Kjelsvik's orthography as at least it's standardized. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 @ThaesOfereode The complexity of this tones discussion is now outside my comfort zone given my (unfortunately) limited experience in Linguistics, so apologies if I've misinterpreted, but my reading of the Kjelsvik (2002) p. 13 table is that macrons by themselves only occur on the final consonant of a CVC syllable or the vowel of a CV syllable, to indicate that a three-tone contour ends with a final M tone (ie. LHM: CV = tǎ̄ and CVC = tǎm̄) because a M-tone vowel is just bare, without diacritics (so LHM: CVV = tǎa). I think given that Kjelsvik (2002) is the most recent (and most comprehensive) documentation of the tones, it would be good to standardise to her orthography, which does appear to use additional diacritics next to the vowel they apply to for CV syllables (which just needs a zero-width joiner or Template:Hair space to produce). Kjelsvik doesn't stack the diacritics (the way they currently are in the table at § Tonology for LHM, LHL and MHL) and I feel like this should be avoided as it could introduce some ambiguity about the order the tones are applied... I've done an updated version of the table at User:Pineapple Storage/sandbox/sub-sandbox 7 so you can see what I mean. Pineapple Storage (talk) 17:32, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Done. I agree that although the diacritics may clash with each other, it is probably best to use the newest and most standardized orthography. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:27, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes, but my major concern here is that it seems to indicate that the coda can always carry tone. I have only ever seen a resonant coda carry tone and without explicit details I'm somewhat concerned about using a CVR syllable to serve as a paradigm example. @PharyngealImplosive7: My understanding is that the tone is carried entirely on the vowel or vowel–resonant sequence. Are there any examples in the literature regarding the tones shown in the table with the resonant occurring (LHM, LHL, and MHL) with a stop coda as well? ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:04, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: In the tone table on page 13, Kjelsvik (2002) uses accents on the coda, e.g. ta᷄m̀ or tǎm̄. I can only find accents used on 'm' or 'n' (page 150, the word is ndǔn̄); no other codas seem use a separate accent. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 23:10, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
- There's one instance on page 72 of kpa᷄ŋ̀, on page 108 there's a ɗàňí (intervocalic), and page 109 nitaŋẁ, but again these are all nasals/nasalised. The only exception I could find was at the top of page 155, gu᷄r̀. Pineapple Storage (talk) 13:45, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- Thanks for the insight here, Pineapple. @PharyngealImplosive7: Right now, I highly recommend using Chao throughout given the disparity between the two orthographies and the likelihood a non-expert may become confused by it. That said, given its use in the literature, I won't oppose on this basis alone. The choice is yours. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:55, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: I guess using chao would be nice for understanding purposes, but since Kjelsvik uses her orthography and not IPA for Nizaa sentences, it might be odd to combine the two? Pinging @Pineapple Storage: for their opinion. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:58, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
- As I've said, this is outside my expertise, but given that you've asked for my opinion I'm happy to give it! My instinct is to go with Kjelsvik's orthography, as it seems to have been used in subsequent literature (eg. Pepper 2010), and AFAIK Chao tone letters aren't used in sources about Nizaa (routinely? or at all?). But I think it should be explained explicitly (either in the body or in a footnote) that Kjelsvik's orthography splits the diacritics out of necessity (if this is correct). She says on p. 12:
a certain splitting up of the triple tones was unavoidable, since no triple-tone symbols was available I might be wrong, but I interpreted this as meaning that the resonant coda (m, n, ŋ, r or w) doesn't necessarily carry its own tone, but rather the vowel+resonant cluster shares a single triple-tone sequence; only a couple of triple-tone diacritics exist and they don't cover all the tone combinations in Nizaa, especially the ones that include M segments. I would guess that, in order to preserve the order of the tones in the diacritic representation (ie. rather than stacking them, which could make it ambiguous which tone is realised first), Kjelsvik spread the diacritics out over the constituent characters.If this interpretation is correct, then I think the diacritics should be explained explicitly, along with a discussion of any differences between Endresen and Kjelsvik's orthographies, just to make sure everything's as clear and confusion-free as possible. Does this make sense? Again, I may have gotten things completely wrong. But as a (comparative) layperson this is my reading of it. Pineapple Storage (talk) 00:47, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- I agree with your assessment; it seems fairly accurate. I've added a note in the tonology section (note 2) that explains how the diacritic system for three-tone contours works, so courtesy ping to @ThaesOfereode and Pineapple Storage: to see if it makes sense / is accurate. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 03:48, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- Note makes sense and is a welcome addition. Great work by both of you. ThaesOfereode (talk) 10:15, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yep, the note looks good! I think it does a good job of explaining the situation without overcomplicating it. Pineapple Storage (talk) 14:59, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
- What's the difference between the associative construction and the possessive phrase?
- There doesn't seem to be much of a difference; I removed the associative construction and kept the possessive one. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- As a follow up, are these all compounds in typical language or not? The "two nouns" one is kind of throwing me. I think this should be regarded as a compound noun. Strictly speaking, is nízαὰ an adjective here or is this another compound noun? Are the adpositional phrases cliticized to the head? ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:03, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Again, there isn't much specific information in the source. I've relabeled the "two nouns" one as a compound noun. As for the adjective + noun one, nízαὰ is an adjective because the source labels the phrase as such. As for the adpositional phrases, I'm not sure if they are clitics or not. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:38, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Definiteness on nouns is marked by adding a lowering tone contour.
- Are low-tone possessives homophones?
- with the possible exception of the locative
- There are a couple of instances of this, but you don't have to keep telling us the examples are from Kjelsvik's thesis, cf. WP:POSA
- Kjelsvik lists the following examples of Nizaa noun constructions
in her 2002 thesis
- Kjelsvik lists the following examples of noun morphology (forms of nouns)
in her 2002 thesis
- Done. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- What is ɓaara doing? You just told us that pluralization is done through the use of animacy-based suffixes. Shouldn't the plural of sìì be sììya? Same for mbéwwu?
I've actually got no idea. Kjelsvik talks about -ya and -wu in one sentence and then throws 'ɓaara' at us in the table for regular nouns. Endresen (1992) actually defines it as the word for 'two'. I've added that to the article. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes, looks like your sfn tag was erroring out, but I believe I've fixed it. Double check me though. Also, I highly recommend using the example njèè from "Verb chains" since it actually does use one of these suffixes to pluralize (njèèyâ). Also, does the word 'two' pluralize it per se or does the pluralization simply not need marking due to context? I don't think the source is backing up what you have written unless I missed something. ThaesOfereode (talk) 22:11, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- ɓaara does not appear to take plural markers. As for where Endresen talks about ɓaara, I got that information from this passage (translated into English):
Note that the M tone of the lexical tones HM and LHM “disappears” before mum and ɓaara: ɓów mum “one/a dog”, ɓɔ̨̀ɔ̨́ mum “one/an egg”, ɓów ɓaara “two dogs” and ɓɔ̨̀ɔ̨́ ɓaara “two eggs”. The “disappearance” is the result of a “shift” [lit. “transport”] of the final tone of a syllable to the following syllable:
- I've added njèèyâ to the table as you suggested. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Some pronouns in Nizaa have different forms to show respect (honorific) → Some pronouns in Nizaa have different honorific forms to show respect
- -wū́ – Again, are we using macrons or duplication? Or is this signifying something else?
- also is present
in Nizaa – WP:POSA
- Soft suggestion to link "negative counterparts" with Prohibitive mood
- were described by Kjelsvik in 2002 → have been described by Kjelsvik (with the optional deletion of by Kjelsvik altogether)
- Is à behaving in this sentence as an auxiliary or should this be changed to a copula in the gloss?
- Anyway to link the kinship system to its archetype (Iroquois kinship, it looks like)? In any case, recommend a {{broader}} tag, either Iroquois kinship or Kinship terminology
- a 'younger sibling' nā́m is seen as disrespectful – Soft recommendation to say something along the lines of "indeterminate of gender" for clarity's sake.
That's about all I have for now. I will review the page in full and look at your comments above later on. ThaesOfereode (talk) 00:21, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: Most of these should be resolved; for some of these, Kjelsvik (2002) is annoyingly vague, so I can't do much. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 00:47, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 @ThaesOfereode, regarding "Older speakers of Nizaa also pronounce /ɛː/ as the sequence [aɾ]." The older speakers do not have any /ɛː/, right? As in, they have no [ɛː] and therefore there's no reason to analyse them as having a phoneme /ɛː/. Rather, it's the younger speakers who have shifted /aɾ/ into [ɛː]. But then, it's easier to just analyse the new sequence as a phoneme /ɛː/, and maybe /aɾ/ just doesn't occur for younger speakers. My suggestion is: it may be that older and younger speakers have different phonemic systems (phonologies), and it must be if there isn't a merger or split.
- But all of that is unimportant, because we cannot analyse the phonology ourselves. We have to stick to what the sources report, and is that really /aɾ/ and /ɛː/ or /aɾ/ and [ɛː] or [aɾ] and /ɛː/? We must follow their analysis. Aspets (talk) 13:45, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @Aspets and ThaesOfereode:: Endresen (1991) uses slashes for both ɛː and aɾ:
First, there is a generation difference in the use of /ɛɛ/. In nouns, the younger generation, e.g., Hamadicko Daniel, uses /ɛɛ/ where the older generation in most cases uses the VC sequence /ar/, (cf. /bɛɛ/ vs. /bar/ ('cloud'). These are clear indications that a change */ar/ > /εε/ has taken place in Nizaa. The fact that there is generation difference today, combined with loanwords like /jέέtu/ ('file') < Fulfulde /jarto/ indicate that it has taken place fairly recently, and probably after Pre-Nizaa A. In an even more recent influx of loanwords, even the younger generation has /ar/, (cf. /martô/ 'hammer' < French marteau).
- – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 17:53, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 It doesn't say if the older generation has /ɛː/. My interpretation of that passage is that young people have both /aɾ/ and /ɛː/. If /aɾ/ was [ɛː] they wouldn't be able to pronounce /marto/. I think this is better understood as a sound change than underlying/surface realizations. Aspets (talk) 18:09, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- Yes you probably are right. I'll go ahead and remove that from the article. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 18:14, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: This volley also should be resolved. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 22:23, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
RoySmith
the language was first documented extensively from 1979 to 1984 by Norwegian linguist Rolf Theil Endresen This is cited to two of Endresen's papers. That's not enough to state in wiki-voice that nobody documented the language before he did. See my essay Wikipedia:First is worst. RoySmith (talk) 14:58, 30 August 2025 (UTC)
- PS, also the photo caption,
Rolf Theil Endresen, who was the first linguist to extensively document Nizaa RoySmith (talk) 14:58, 30 August 2025 (UTC)
- @RoySmith: I've removed the mention of "first" in the article. Do you have any other suggestions, comments, or feedback? – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 15:36, 30 August 2025 (UTC)
- That was just something that jumped out at me, but I'll probably not do a full review. RoySmith (talk) 15:41, 30 August 2025 (UTC)
- @PharyngealImplosive7 @RoySmith Kjelsvik (2002, p. 1) says in Acknowledgements:
Furthermore, I must thank my knowledgeable and always patient supervisor, Rolf Theil Endresen. He is in this case a 'first mover' in a very real sense of the word: it was he who first analysed the Nizaa language and created its alphabet. I think this covers it? Pineapple Storage (talk) 19:07, 30 August 2025 (UTC)
- @RoySmith: – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 03:58, 31 August 2025 (UTC)
- I agree with Pineapple Storage; another source saying that Endresen was the first to document Nizaa should alleviate concerns. Re-added. – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:54, 31 August 2025 (UTC)
- Closing note: This candidate has been promoted, but there may be a delay in bot processing of the close. Please see WP:FAC/ar, and leave the {{featured article candidates}} template in place on the talk page until the bot goes through. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 21:59, 4 September 2025 (UTC)
- The above discussion is preserved as an archive. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this page.
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