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Films about Ramakrishna
- (The above is a preliminary title for the page, for after it is moved to article space)
Ramakrishna (1836 – 1886), born Gadadhar Chattopadhyay[1] and often referred to as Sri Ramakrishna, was a famous mystic of 19th-century India.[2]
Since the middle 1900s, Ramakrishna has been a primary or secondary focus of a number of films, mostly made in Bengali cinema, but also in Hindi, Tamil, and English.
Many of these films have been both devotional and biographical, portraying major events of Ramakrishna's influential life. Ramakrishna grew up in a small village in rural West Bengal. Most of his adult life was spent at a temple at Dakshineswar in the outskirts of Calcutta (now commonly called Kolkata). Within a few years of his death, Ramakrishna's religious school of thought led to the formation of the Ramakrishna Mission by his chief disciple Swami Vivekananda[3] Many movies about Ramakrishna depict events from these parts of his life and legacy.
Actors portraying Ramakrishna
Many different actors have played Ramakrishna. Kanu Banerjee, famous for appearing in Satyajit Ray's Pather Panchali in 1955, starred later that same year as Ramakrishna in Bhagaban Shree Shree Ramakrishna. Film historian Rabi Basu considered that Kanu Banerjee's acting in these two films as "on a par," and "complained that the film society movement... did not give [Bhagavan Shree Shree Ramakrishna] its due."[4] However, four decades later, Mithun Chakraborty won a National Film Award for playing Ramakrishna in G. V. Iyer's Swami Vivekananda (1998).[5]
From the 1950s through the 1970s, Gurudas Banerjee[6] portrayed Ramakrishna in numerous films. He also commonly appeared as Ramakrishna in the Bengali Theatre — one might almost say that beginning in the late 1940s, "he almost monopolized this role [as Ramakrishna] as a specialist, both on the stage and on the screen,"[7]: 688 and was still portraying Ramakrishna in the late-1970s.[8] Sushil Mukherjee explained that the drama Jugadevata, which debuted on the Calcutta stage on 19 November 1948,
was a devotional drama... on the life of the Saint of Dakshineswar [that] became immensely popular and established two artistes who became wholly identified with the two characters they represented. These were Gurudas Banerjee who was seen as Sri Ramkrishna and Molina Debi who appeared as Rani Rasmoni, the founder of the famous Bhabatarini (Kali) temple at Dakshineswar. Since their appearance in Jugadevata at Kalika in 1948 Gurudas and Molina have appeared in the characters of these two persons in a number of other plays, both on the stage and on the screen, and have carried the audience with them in every performance.[7]: 288
Other actors that have played Ramakrishna include Shashikumar (2012).
List of films about Ramakrishna
Some films have a primary focus on Ramakrishna (designated by asterisk (*)). Other films depict a contemporary of Ramakrishna, and he appears as a character, sometimes major and sometimes minor. These include films about Ramakrishna's patroness Rani Rashmoni, his contemporary Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and his disciples Binodini Dasi, a Bengali stage actress, Girish Chandra Ghosh, a prominent Bengali playwright, and Swami Vivekananda, founder of the Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math.
Other films {can these be classified and either eliminated or added to the grid below?}
- Kothamrito/Ramakrishna Paramhamsa, directed by Radha Saha {is this the same as the film(s) in the grid with "Kathamrita" in name - both a YouTube version and an IMDB version? {Bengali speaker might be able to verify this}
Film table with references
Further details on selected films appear in the table below.[9] Films known to be dubbed versions of other films have not been listed. Any films known to be multilinguals (separately filmed in multiple languages) are explicitly noted as multilinguals.[10][11]
| Year | Title | Director | Ramakrishna (actor) | Notes + Sources (YouTube & Database links {for now while drafting}) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | Swamiji | Amar Mullick | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB See p. 86 of Guptoo (2011) | ||
| * | 1950 | Jugadebata | Bidhayak Bhattacharya | [12] | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo Other info[13][12] |
| 1950 | Vidyasagar | Kali Prasad Ghosh | Gurudas Banerjee | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB YOUTUBE (2:06:46) Other info[14] | |
| 1952 | Vidyasagar | Kali Prasad Ghosh | Gurudas Banerjee[15] | Hindi; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB | |
| * | 1955 | Bhagaban Shree Shree Ramakrishna | Prafulla Chakraborty | Kanu Banerjee | Bengali; Biopic Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo YOUTUBE (2:20:27, English subtitles)[16] Other info: Mentioned in 2012 news.[17] |
| 1955 | Rani Rashmoni | Kali Prasad Ghosh | Gurudas Banerjee | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB Molina Devi as Rani Rashmoni | |
| 1955 | Swami Vivekananda | Amar Mullick | Hindi; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB | ||
| 1956 | Mahakavi Girish Chandra | Madhu Bose | Gurudas Banerjee | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB Pahadi SanyalIMDB as Girish Chandra Ghosh The film won a 1956 Certificate of Merit.[18] | |
| 1964 | Bireswar Vivekananda | Madhu Bose | Gurudas Banerjee | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB YOUTUBE (Part 1 (1:05:49), Part 2 (1:04:16) no subtitles) Amaresh Das as Vivekananda | |
| 1964 | Life and Message of Swami Vivekananda | Nirmal Dey | n/a[19] | English; Documentary produced by Bimal Roy; Sources: DBs: CITWF YOUTUBE (1:11:14)[20] | |
| * | 1966 | Pagal Thakur | Hiranmoy Sen | Kumari Chumki (child), {?} adult | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo |
| * | 1969 | Balak Gadadhar | Hiranmoy Sen | Kumari Chumki (child), {?} adult | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo |
| ? | 1977 | Praner Thakur Ramkrishna | Niranjan Dey | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo | |
| * | 1979 | Jata Mat Tata Path (As Many Views, As Many Ways) | Gurudas Bagchi | Gurudas Banerjee | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF CITWF Gomolo IMDB YOUTUBE (2:03:38, English subtitles) |
| * | 1982 | Shri Shri Ramakrishna Kathamrita | Bikash Goswami | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo | |
| * | ?? | Ramakrishna Paramhansa | Bengali; Sources: Other: YOUTUBE PLAYLIST {Is this the same as 1982 Kathamrita film? Bengali-fluent editor needed!} | ||
| ? | 1983 | Jini Ram Tini Krishno Ek-i Dehe Ramkrishna | Niranjan Dey | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo | |
| ? | 1988 | Bharat Ek Khoj (Part 47, Life of Swami Vivekananda) | Shyam Benegal | Hindi; Sources: DBs: CITWF YOUTUBE (1:01:37)[22] | |
| * | 1990 | Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa and Swami Vivekananda | Vedanta Society | n/a | English; Documentary; Sources: Other: YOUTUBE (1:17:54) ONE REF HERE |
| 1994 | Nati Binodini | Dinen Gupta | Meghnad Bhattacharya | Bengali; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB YOUTUBE PLAYLIST Binodini is played by Debashree Roy; | |
| 1998 | Swami Vivekananda | G. V. Iyer | Mithun Chakraborty | Hindi; Sources: DBs: CITWF Gomolo IMDB YOUTUBE FULL (2:47:44)(Part 1 (1:28:20), Part 2 (1:19:24), subtitles???) Mithun Chakraborty won National award for Supporting Actor for this portrayal of Ramakrishna.[5][23] | |
| 2002 | Mayer Chele Vivekananda | Utpal Chatterjee | ? | Bengali; Jatra; Sources: DBs: | |
| 2002 | Purna Tirth Dakshineshwar | Ashtam Dutta | n/a | Bengali; Documentary; Sources: DBs: | |
| ? | 2007 | Sri Ramkrishna Vivekananda | Jogesh K. Mehta | Bengali; Biopic; Sources: DBs: | |
| * | 2007 | Pagol Thakur Sri Ram Krishna | Chiranjeeb Gangopadhyay | Ujjal Chatterjee {NEED CONFIRM is SRK} | Bengali; Jatra; Sources: DBs: |
| * | 2012 | Sri Ramakrishna Dharisanam | G. N. Dass | Shashikumar | Tamil; Sources{needs updating via stand-alone article}: DBs: {Not found!?} Noticed in The Hindu,[24] reviewed in Times of India[25] |
| * | 2013 (?) | Sri Sri Ramkrishna Paramhansa Katha | Salil Sarkar | ? | Bengali (?); Biopic; Sources: DBs: |
| 2013 | The Light: Swami Vivekananda | Utpal (Tutu) Sinha | Premankur Chattopadhyay | Bengali/Hindi (dubbed in 18 languages); Biopic; Sources: DBs: |
* = Primarily about Sri Ramakrishna
Spelling variations in names
The English titles of these films refer to Ramakrishna in a variety of ways, depending upon the film's original non-English title, and the method of transliteration into English. Several different methods are commonly used for transliterating Bengali into English. Bengali often uses Bs where other Indian languages use Vs (e.g., "Bhagaban" versus "Bhagavan"). Thus, titles of films about Ramakrishna refer to both "Ramkrishna" (with only 2 "a"s) as well as "Ramakrishna," and may describe his mystical status in numerous ways ranging from Paramahamsa ("enlightened teacher") to Bhagaban ("divine and splendrous") to Thakur ("lord") to Jugadebata ("divine incarnation of the present age"{TITO OR OTHER BENGALI SPEAKER, IS THIS CORRECT FOR jugadebata?-Presearch}). Similar variety exists in the transliterations of the names of many Bengali actors that appeared in these films — for example, alternate spellings of the last name of actor Gurudas Bannerjee are "Banerjee" (one "n") well as "Bandyopadhyay."[26]
Major focus on Ramakrishna (feature films)
Six feature films have had a major focus on Ramakrishna.
Jugadebata (1950)
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Bhagaban Shree Shree Ramakrishna (1955)
The film begins after the death of Ramakrishna's patroness Rani Rashmoni (1861), as Ramakrishna is serving as priest in the Dakshineswar Kali Temple. The film shows many incidents in Ramakrishna's life, including his interactions with the Rani's son-in-law Mathur, Ramakrishna's meeting with Keshub Chunder Sen and Ramakrishna's interactions with his wife Sarada Devi and with his disciples Girish Chandra Ghosh and Narendra Nath Datta (who took the name Swami Vivekananda).
- Director: Prafulla Chakraborty
- Music: Prabir Majumdar
- Ramakrishna (actor): Kanu Banerjee
• Others: Chhabi Biswas (Mathur), Jahar Gangopadhyay, Dilip Ray, Nitish Mukhopadhyay, Satya Bandyopadhyay, Padma Devi, Sobha Sen (Sarada Devi), Ajit Bandyopadhyay (Sr.), Chandrabati Debi, Suprabha Mukhopadhyay, Bireshwar Sen, Ashis Kumar, Shyam Das
Film historian Rabi Basu considered that Kanu Banerjee's acting in Bhagaban Sri Sri Ramkrishna was "on a par" with his acting in Satyajit Ray's Pather Panchali, which was released four months earlier. Basu "complained that the film society movement inspired Bengali intellectual spectators did not give this film its due," and the film did not attract wide notice.[4]
The film is now viewable in its entirety on YouTube,[16] and was mentioned in the The Telegraph in 2012.[17][27]
Jata Mat Tata Path (1979)
The title may be translated as "As Many Views, As Many Ways" {TITO, IS THIS CORRECT?}
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Shri Shri Ramakrishna Kathamrita (1982)
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Jini Ram Tini Krishno Ek-i Dehe Ramkrishna (1983)
Jini Ram Tini Krishno Ek-i Dehe Ramkrishna (1983, Bengali), directed by Niranjan Dey. The title of this film refers to a statement of Ramakrishna's that he repeated often to his monastic disciples,[28]: 238, 432 [29] most famously to Naren, as Ramakrishna lay dying: "He who was Rama and Krishna is now, in this body, Ramakrishna."[30]: 72
{expand}
Sri Ramakrishna Dharisanam (2012)
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Secondary focus on Sri Ramakrishna (feature films)
Several feature films have not had a primary focus on Sri Ramakrishna, but have cast him as a secondary character. These include: {EXPAND VIA INTRO ABOUT MAJOR THEMES}
- Swamiji (1949, Bengali {???}), directed by Amar Mullick {Unclear if this is about Sw Vivekananda and SRK; Same director did 1955 movie on SV; Gomolo title casts doubt}
- Vidyasagar (1950, Bengali biopic on Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar), directed by Kali Prasad Ghosh. Ramakrishna is played by Gurudas Banerjee (Bandhyopadhyay){needs confirmation}
- Vidyasagar (1952, Hindi), a Hindi remake of Vidyasagar (1950).
- Rani Rashmoni (1955, Bengali biopic on Rani Rashmoni), directed by Kali Prasad Ghosh. Ramakrishna is played by Gurudas Bandyopadhyay
- Swami Vivekananda (1955, Bengali biopic on Swami Vivekananda), directed by Amar Mullick. {who is SRK?}
- Mahakavi Girish Chandra (1956, Bengali biopic on Girish Chandra Ghosh), directed by Madhu Bose. Gurudas Bannerjee plays Ramakrishna. {Gomolo has story, slightly different title}
- Bireswar Vivekananda (1964, Bengali), directed by Madhu Bose, with Gurudas Bandyopadhyay as Ramakrishna
- Nati Binodini (1994, Bengali), directed by Dinen Gupta. {WHO IS SRK?}
- Swami Vivekananda (1998, Hindi, biopic on Swami Vivekananda), directed by G. V. Iyer. Mithun Chakraborty won a National Film Award for portraying Ramakrishna in this film. The citation stated that he received the "Award for the Best Supporting Actor Award of 1995... for his brilliant and soul searching portrayal" of Ramakrishna that "succeeds in elevating the character to a spiritual level."[5][23]
- {what is main focus? SRK or SV or both?} Sri Ramkrishna Vivekananda (2007, Bengali biopic), directed by Jogesh K. Mehta
- Life of Swami Vivekananda (year?)
Documentaries (feature length)
Three feature-length documentaries have been produced in English that focus solely or jointly on Ramakrishna:
- Life and Message of Swami Vivekananda (1964, English), directed by Bimal Roy.
- Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa and Swami Vivekananda ({year?}, English), produced by the Vedanta Society.
- Dakshineshwar ({year?}, English), produced by Ramakrishna Math, Hyderabad.
Ongoing interest
Mithun Chakraborty stated that playing Ramakrishna in Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1995) was "toughest challenge of my life."[31] He explained that " It wasn't just the fact that I was playing a real-life character, and that too of one who is a household name in Bengal.... The toughest challenge was to get the physicality of the character right."[31]
Themes that include a Ramakrishna character continue to be of interest in contemporary Indian cinema.
It was reported in 2012 that producer Maheshwara Reddy wanted to make a film about Ramakrishna, and cast Akkineni Nagarjuna as the lead.[32]
Another report {from "sources" - must treat as gossip} stated that efforts were being made to enlist Rajinikanth to play Ramakrishna in a new film about Swami Vivekananda.[33]
- {expand} "Collection king Mohan babu as Ramakrishna Paramahamsa"
- {expand, merge with other on same topic} "ANR as 'Ramakrishna Paramahamsa'"
- {many more news reports online re Nagarjuna}
Indian actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao, veteran of a 78-year acting career, stated in 2012 that he regretted never having played Ramakrishna.[34]
Additional bibliography (to integrate into article)
- RK films mentioned in book: page 204 of the book by Sharmishtha Guptoo
- Bhagaban Shree Shree Ramakrishna (1955) is noted in Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema (Nihalani, Rajadhyaksh et al.). The film is listed as a 1955 film, "Bhagwan Shri Shri Ramakrishna" in Kanu Benerjee's filmography on page 53 of the Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema (1994), ISBN 0851704557 (UK) or ISBN 0195635795 (India),Oxford Univesity Press, Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen (Eds.).
References
- Smart, Ninian The World’s Religions (1998) p.409, Cambridge
- Feuerstein, Georg (2002). The Yoga Tradition. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 600.
- Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006). New Religions in Global Perspective. Routledge. p. 209.
The first Hindu to teach in the West and founder of the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897, Swami Vivekananda,[...] is also credited with raising Hinduism to the status of a world religion.
- Tamal Dasgupta (2012, August 9). "Towards a Historiography of Bengali Cinema, or, Everything You Enquired about Herbert Sarkar, but Were Dismissed by the Coffee House Intellectual." Journal of Bengali Studies, 1 (2), 8–50 (ISSN 2277-9426) Dasgupta states on page 40: "Kanu Bandyopadhyay (Who Played Harihar in Pather Panchali) went completely unnoticed and unappreciated in the role of Ramakrishna in the film Bhagaban Sri Sri Ramkrishna that released four months after Pather Panchali and the film went into oblivion ever since, a fact lamented by noted film historian Rabi Basu who considered the acting of Kanu Bandyopadhyay in the role of Ramakrishna at par with Pather Panchali; Basu complained that the film society movement inspired Bengali intellectual spectators did not give this film its due" (p. 40). Basu's statements are cited to volume 2, page 75 of Ravi Basu (1998). Sātaraṅa: smr̥tira saraṇite Bāṃlā calaccitrera ardhaśatābdī. Kolkata: De'ja Pābaliśiṃ. ISBN 9788176122405, OCLC 39811018
- The National Film Awards archives, "43rd National Film Festival 1996" (page 28). (accessed 31 January 2013)
- Mukherjee, Sushil Kumar (1982). The Story of the Calcutta Theatres, 1753-1980. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi. p. 688.
- Gurudas Banerjee played Ramakrishna in the film Jata Mat Tata Path (1979). Mukherjee's (1982) Story states that Gurudas Banerjee was "a popular actor [who] made his stage debut at Kalika in the late-forties of the [20th] century appearing as Sri Ramakrishna in Yugadevata (1948). Since then he has almost monopolized the role as a specialist, both on the stage and on the screen. His recent appearance in this role was in Nata Nati at Rangana (1975).... He has his own touring theatre, M. G. Enterprise..." (p. 688)
- Some Indian films are known as "multilinguals," having been filmed in similar but non-identical versions in different languages. According to Rajadhyaksha and Willemen in the Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema (1994), in its most precise form, a multilingual is "a bilingual or a trilingual [that] was the kind of film made in the 1930s in the studio era, when different but identical takes were made of every shot in different languages, often with different leading stars but identical technical crew and music." They wrote that in seeking to assemble the Encyclopedia, it they often found it "extremely difficult to distinguish multilinguals in this original sense from dubbed versions, remakes, reissues or, in some cases, the same film listed with different titles, presented as separate versions in different languages.... it will take years of scholarly work to establish definitive data in this respect." Source: Rajadhyaksha, Ashish (1994). Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema. New Delhi: Oxford University Press; British Film Institute (London). ISBN 019-563579-5.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - At present, no pairs of films listed in the table are known to be multilinguals; however, this category has been added for clarify, and to accomodate possible additional information (12 Feb 2013)
- Gurudas Banerjee starred in a play by the name Jugadebata in 1949, and portrayed Ramakrishna in many films, but his portrayal of Ramakrishna in the film Jugadebata (1950) has not been confirmed.
- The actor appearing as Sri Ramakrishna in the last two minutes of Vidyasagar (1950) is readily identifiable as the same as the actor appearing in the role of Sri Ramakrishna in Mahakavi Girish Chandra (1956), as viewable in the State Awards for Mils Programme (1956) (page 9) (accessed 12 Feb 2013).
- Probable but not confirmed (check talk page)
- "The film - Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna - revised file" (on YouTube); English subtitles give credits for Kanu Banerji (Sri Ramakrishna, 0:08), Bibhuti Chakravarty (photography, 0:11), Baidyanath Chaterji (producer, 0:30), Pulin Ghosh (stage setting, 0:44), New Theatre Studio (production location, 0:53), Officials of Dakshineshwar Kali Temple (thanks, 1:05), Chabi Bishwas (Mathur, 1:23), Shobha Sen (Sri Ma Saradadevi, 1:23), Kalyani Films (production, 1:38), Prafulla Chakravarty (script writer and director, 1:43) (accessed 14 Jan 2013)
- Soumitra Das and Dalia Mukherje (2012, Aug. 5). "The matter-of-fact actor of many parts" Kolkata, India: The Telegraph. (accessed 14 Jan 2013)
- State Awards for Mils Programme (1956) (page 8). (accessed 12 Feb 2013)
- Naren's meeting with Ramakrishna are dramatized beginning at 17:50, using a narrative voiceover and series of photos and drawings that are sometimes shifted in their positions and size to create a dynamic effect. Sometimes other effects are used (e.g., swirling lights at 20:40, when Ramakrishna puts Naren into a trance). Along with Naren, Ramakrishna is frequently represented in this manner until his passing away is shown at about 28:20.
- The YouTube video credits Nirmal Dey as director at 0:00:32
- Saran, Renu (2014). History of Indian Cinema. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-9350836514. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- "A third National Award followed in 1995, this time for the Best Supporting Actor, for his awesome portrayal of Ramakrishna Paramhansa, in G V Iyer's Swami Vivekananda." "Mithun Chakraborty Biography" Cinebasti. (accessed 31 Jan 2013)
- Staff Reporter (15 Aug 2012). "Feature film on Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa" (accessed 21 Jan 2013)
- Anonymous (12 Aug 2012). "http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-12/movie-reviews/33250783_1_sri-ramakrishna-temple-priest-life" Times of India. (accessed 21 Jan 2013)
- Similarly, Mukhopadhyay and Mukherjee are alternate forms; and Ramakrishna's own birth surname, Chattopadhyay, is alternately written Chatterjee.
- See also Bhagaban Sree Sree Ramkrishna listing at Gomolo.
- Saradananda, Swami (2003). Sri Ramakrishna and His Divine Play. St. Louis, MO: Vedanta Society of St. Louis. ISBN 9780916356811. OCLC 53253668.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) ISBN 0916356817 - Two quotations from direct disciple Swami Saradananda's biography of Ramakrishna (ISBN 9780916356811): "...eventually convinced him that the One who was born as Ramachandra in Ayodhya and then as Krishna in Vrindaban, to establish religion in previous ages, had been reborn in a new body as Ramakrishna to demonstrate a new religion to India and to the world. We heard him say again and again: 'He who came as Rama and as Krishna has come now in this body (pointing to himself)...." (II.8.25, p. 238); "at every available opportunity we tested the Master thoroughly as far as our limited abilities allowed. Each time the Master passed the test effortlessly and then with a smile would tell us playfully: 'Still you doubt! Have firm faith and strong conviction. He who in the past was born as Rama and Krishna is now living in this very body (pointing to himself). But this time his advent is very secret, like a king who visits his own kingdom incognito! As soon as people recognize him and whisper, he immediately departs from that place. It is just like that." (III.2.43, p. 432).
- Swami Nikhilananda (1942). Introduction (pp. 3-73). In: Ramakrishna, Sri (1942). [[The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna]]. New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center. OCLC 4577618.
{{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Subhash K. Jha (2011, June 24). "My Toughest Scene: Mithun Chakraborty" Times of India. (accessed 21 Jan 2013)
- Shakhar (2012, Sep 26) "Nagarjuna playing Ramakrishna Paramahamsa in next?". Oneindia.in. (accessed 21 Jan 2013)
- Anonymous (14 Sep 2012). "Rajinikanth As Ramakrishna Paramahansa?" (accessed 21 Jan 2013)
- PTI (2012, May 11). "Regret not playing Ramakrishna Paramahamsa: A Nageswara Rao" Zeenews.com (accessed 21 Jan 2013)