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Failed imperial rebellion against the shogunate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jōkyū War (承久の乱, jōkyū no ran), also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion was a conflict in 1221 between the retired Emperor Go-Toba, and the Kamakura shogunate, specifically its Shikken, Hōjō Yoshitoki, as the Kamakura government was de-facto led by a Hōjō Regency. The Kamakura shogunate emerged victorious.
- General Kyoto Area
- Central Japan: Chūbu region
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The Seta Bridge. Along with the Uji River, the Seta River served as a crucial defensive stronghold for the Imperial Court against the Kamakura shogunate forces. | |||||||
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| 190,000 (Azuma Kagami, disputed) | 12,000 | ||||||
It can be considered the most important event of the Kamakura era, leading to the imperial court losing significant power and the solidification of Hōjō influence and power in government[1]
Background
After the Genpei War, the Kamakura Shogunate was established, centered on warriors from the eastern provinces and based in Kamakura. It established provincial governors and local administrators primarily in the eastern provinces to control police authority. However, its control over the western provinces remained relatively weak, and the imperial court retained considerable power, resulting in a dual political system between the shogunate and the court.
Emperor Go-Toba was the lord of vast estates located in various provinces and his income came from these estates. However, as shogunate jitō (local administrators) were increasingly placed over many of these estates, incidents such as unpaid taxes frequently occurred.
In 1219, Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo was assassinated. This led to the Hōjō clan effectively taking over the Kamakura government's affairs.
Following an incident with the grandson of Minamoto no Yorimasa, Yorimochi, which led to the destruction of the Imperial Palace, Emperor Go-Toba requested reperations and reconstruction contributions from the Shogunate, however multiple factions within the Shogunate opposed this. This deepened Go-Toba's resentment against the Shogunate further. While rebuilding the burned down palace in 1220, Emperor Go-Toba is said to have resolved to raise an army. However many court nobles opposed this, in contrast to Emperor Juntoku, who was actively in favor and supportive of overthrowing the shogunate. In April of 1221, due to the appearance of a comet, he gave up the throne, allowing himself to cooperate.. Secret orders were issued to temples and shrines to perform exorcism prayers for the subjugation of Yoshitoki, which led to rumors of overthrowing the shogunate spreading, making confrontation between the court and the shogunate inevitable.
Prelude
In late April of the 1221, Emperor Go-Toba gathered troops from various provinces under the pretext of protecting Buddhist rites at Jōnan-ji Temple. By the 28th, atleast 1,000 horsemen, comprised of northern, western, and capital-based court warriors aswell as Kamakura jitō from the west who felt neglected by the shogunate[2], gathered at the imperial residence of Emperor Go-Toba. In May, the Kyoto governor representing the shogunate, joined the imperial faction, simultaneously, the pro-shogunate Grand Councillors were imprisoned. The following day, over 800 cavalry from the Imperial faction attacked Iga Mitsutsue's (dont forget interlanguage link:伊賀光季) residence, which led to his death, though he managed to send a retainer to escape and inform Kamakura of the incident.
On the same day, Emperor Go-Toba issued an imperial decree targeting retainers, shugo governors, jitō administrators, and ordering the pursuit of Yoshitoki. Simultaneously, as a precaution, he reinforced checkpoints in neighboring provinces. Morale among the Kyoto faction rose, and they were optimistic, believing that, since Yoshitoki had been labeled as an enemy of the court, not many warriors would side with him. In response, an eastern warrior who defected to the court stated “The warriors loyal to Yoshitoki number no less than ten thousand. Had I been in Kantō, I too would have sided with Yoshitoki.” This earned him the displeasure of Emperor Go-Toba.
However, the samurai of Kamakura were not very easily convinced nor readily sided with the Kamakura faction, and unrest was rather high due to unfulfilled promises from Minamoto no Yoritomo. Hōjō Masako held a speech to rally support, which soothed the unrest enough. Takeda Nobumitsu, a samurai from Kai Province, moved by Masako's speech, declared to his neighbor that “if Kamakura wins, we side with Kamakura; if the Kyoto faction wins, we side with them” was the custom of warriors at the time. Many Kamakura warriors decided to support Kamakura based on their own calculations on which side would win.
ts all azuma kagami and "jōkyūki" (Jyokyu Account) or sm shit
Kamakura Response
ill use english sources for this part i promise (partly)
Aftermath
bakufu confiscated 3k estates (azmkgm and the bakufu in japanese history)