User:Spitzak/sandbox
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fooiMMM
Alpha Compositing
https://printtechnologies.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pdf-reference-1.6-addendum-blend-modes.pdf
Color C = f(A⁄a, B⁄b)ab + YA(1 - b) + ZB(1 - a)
Alpha c = Xab + Ya(1 - b) + Zb(1 - a)
X is almost always equal to f(1,1), the only exceptions here are the PDF definition of Difference and Exclusion.
Y and Z are either 0 or 1, depending on whether you get transparent or the other image when one image is transparent. Some compositing libraries have options to force one or the other to 1 or 0 in all cases.
In non-premultiplied colors, the function is as follows:
Color C = f(A, B)ab + YA(a - ab) + ZB(b - ab)/ Xab + Ya(1 - b) + Zb(1 - a)
Color C = (f(A, B) - YA - ZB)ab + YAa + ZBb/ (X - Y - Z)ab + Ya + Zb
| f | X | Y | Z | C | c | alternative names, notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Porter-Duff paper | |||||||
| Clear | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Src | A | 1 | 1 | 0 | A | a | Copy |
| Dst | B | 1 | 0 | 1 | B | b | No-op, None |
| SrcOver | A | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B(1 - a) | a + b - ab | Over |
| DstOver | B | 1 | 1 | 1 | B + A(1 - b) | a + b - ab | Under |
| SrcIn | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ab | ab | |
| DstIn | B | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ba | ab | |
| SrcOut | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | A(1 - b) | a(1 - b) | |
| DstOut | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | B(1 - a) | b(1 - a) | Erase |
| SrcAtop | A | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ab + B(1 - a) | b | In, Above |
| DstAtop | B | 1 | 1 | 0 | Ba + A(1 - b) | a | Below |
| Xor | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | A(1 - b) + B(1 - a) | a + b - 2ab | |
| Plus | A + B | 2 | 1 | 1 | A + B | a + b | Add, Lighter |
OpenGL | |||||||
| Saturate | mix of A + B and B | 2 | 1 | 1 | A min (1, 1 - b/a) + B | a + b | |
PDF, SVG | |||||||
| Screen | A + B - AB | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B - AB | a + b - ab | Scrn |
| Multiply | AB | 1 | 1 | 1 | AB + A(1 - b) + B(1 - a) | a + b - ab | PDF spec |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | AB | ab | Vector Multiply | ||
| Overlay | B < ½ ? 2AB : 2(A + B - AB) - 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B + (2B < b ? 2AB - Ab - Ba : Ab + Ba - 2AB - ab) | a + b - ab | reverse HardLight |
| Lighten | max (A, B) | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B - min (Ab, Ba)[a] | a + b - ab | |
| Darken | min (A, B) | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B - max (Ab, Ba)[a] | a + b - ab | PDF spec |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | min (Ab, Ba)[a] | ab | closer to min(A,B) | ||
| ColorDodge | B/1 - A | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ba2/a - A + A(1 - b) + B(1 - a) | a + b - ab | |
| ColorBurn | 1 - 1 - B/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | ab - b - B/Aa2 + A(1 - b) + B(1 - a) | a + b - ab | |
| HardLight | A < ½ ? 2AB : 2(A + B - AB) - 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B + (2A < a ? 2AB - Ab - Ba : Ab + Ba - 2AB - ab) | a + b - ab | reverse Overlay |
| SoftLight | B + (2A - 1)(A < ½ ? B - B2 : B < ¼ ? 16B3 - 12B2 + 3B : √B - B) | 1 | 1 | 1 | B + (2A - a)(2A < a ? B - B2⁄b : 4B < b ? 16B3⁄b2 - 12B2⁄b + 3B : √Bb - B) + A(1 - b) |
a + b - ab | |
| Difference | |A - B| | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B - 2 min (Ab, Ba) | a + b - ab | PDF spec |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | a + b - 2ab | X = f(1,1) = 0 | |||
| Exclusion | A + B - 2AB | 1 | 1 | 1 | A + B - 2AB | a + b - ab | PDF spec |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | a + b - 2ab | X = f(1,1) = 0 | |||
| Hue | Hue of A, Sat + Lum of B | 1 | 1 | 1 | (not shown) | a + b - ab | |
| Saturation | Sat of A, Hue + Lum of B | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Color | Hue + Sat of A, Lum of B | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Luminosity | Lum of A, Hue + Sat of B | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
- max(A,B) and min(A,B) are not correct for premultiplied colors.
Character set
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0x | NUL 0000 |
SOH | STX 1AFE |
ETX | EOT | ENQ | ACK | BEL | BS | HT | LF | VT | FF | CR | SO | SI |
| 1x | DLE | DC1 | DC2 | DC3 | DC4 | NAK | SYN | ETB | CAN | EM | SUB | ESC | FS | GS | RS | US |
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A 1AFE |
B | C | D 0044 |
E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | DEL |
| 8x | PAD | HOP | BPH | NBH | IND | NEL | SSA | ESA | HTS | HTJ | VTS | PLD | PLU | RI | SS2 | SS3 |
| 9x | DCS | PU1 | PU2 | STS | CCH | MW | SPA | EPA | SOS | SGC | SCI | CSI | ST | OSC | PM | APC |
| Ax | NBSP | ¡ | ¢ | £ | ¤ | ¥ | ¦ | § | ¨ | © | ª | « | ¬ | SHY | ® | ¯ |
| Bx | ° | ± | ² | ³ | ´ | µ | ¶ | · | ¸ | ¹ | º | » | ¼ | ½ | ¾ | ¿ |
| Cx | À | Á | Â | Ã | Ä | Å | Æ | Ç | È | É | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï |
| Dx | Ð | Ñ | Ò | Ó | Ô | Õ | Ö | × | Ø | Ù | Ú | Û | Ü | Ý | Þ | ß |
| Ex | à | á | â | ã | ä | å | æ | ç | è | é | ê | ë | ì | í | î | ï |
| Fx | ð | ñ | ò | ó | ô | õ | ö | ÷ | ø | ù | ú | û | ü | ý[a] | þ | ÿ |
|
Lead byte
Changed or added in 1963 version
Changed in both 1963 version and 1965 draft
Another legend
unused
| ||||||||||||||||
examples
- samp: M M
- lang: M
- var: M
- Unichar: U+004D M LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
- kbd: M M
- code:
MM - char (current): M
- char (box): M
- char (serif): M
- xt: M
- bxt: M
- mxt: M
- xtd: M
- xtn: M
- strongbad: M