Isotopes of vanadium
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Naturally occurring vanadium (23V) is composed of one stable isotope, 51V, and one radioactive isotope, 50V, with a half-life of 2.71×1017 years. Twenty-five artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, ranging from 42V to 68V. The most stable of these are 49V with a half-life of 330 days and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, with the majority of them below 10 seconds. Seven metastable excited states have also been observed, two of which are for 60V.
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture or positron emission resulting in titanium isotopes; that after the beta decay to chromium isotopes.
List of isotopes
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[3] [n 2][n 3] |
Discovery year[4][5] |
Half-life[6] [n 4][n 5] |
Decay mode[6] [n 6] |
Daughter isotope [n 7] |
Spin and parity[6] [n 8][n 5] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy[n 5] | Normal proportion[6] | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
| 43V | 23 | 20 | 42.980766(46) | 1987 | 79.3(24) ms | β+ (>97.5%) | 43Ti | 7/2−# | |||||||||||
| β+, p (<2.5%) | 42Sc | ||||||||||||||||||
| 44V | 23 | 21 | 43.9744410(78) | 1971 | 111(7) ms | β+ | 44Ti | (2)+ | |||||||||||
| β+, α (?%) | 40Ca | ||||||||||||||||||
| 44mV | 271(9) keV | 1994 | 150(3) ms | β+ | 44Ti | (6)+ | |||||||||||||
| 45V | 23 | 22 | 44.96576850(93) | 1974 | 547(6) ms | β+ | 45Ti | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 45mV | 56.8(6) keV | 1980 | 512(13) ns | IT | 45V | (3/2−) | |||||||||||||
| 46V | 23 | 23 | 45.96019739(14) | 1952 | 422.62(5) ms | β+ | 46Ti | 0+ | |||||||||||
| 46mV | 801.46(10) keV | 1962 | 1.02(7) ms | IT | 46V | 3+ | |||||||||||||
| 47V | 23 | 24 | 46.95490356(12) | 1942 | 32.6(3) min | β+ | 47Ti | 3/2− | |||||||||||
| 48V | 23 | 25 | 47.9522509(10) | 1937 | 15.9735(25) d | β+ | 48Ti | 4+ | |||||||||||
| 49V | 23 | 26 | 48.94851051(88) | 1940 | 330(15) d | EC | 49Ti | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 50V[n 9] | 23 | 27 | 49.947156681(99) | 1949 | 2.71(13)×1017 y | β+[n 10] | 50Ti | 6+ | 0.00250(10) | ||||||||||
| 51V[n 11] | 23 | 28 | 50.94395766(10) | 1923 | Stable | 7/2− | 0.99750(10) | ||||||||||||
| 52V | 23 | 29 | 51.94477364(17) | 1934 | 3.743(5) min | β− | 52Cr | 3+ | |||||||||||
| 53V | 23 | 30 | 52.9443349(33) | 1960 | 1.543(14) min | β− | 53Cr | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 54V | 23 | 31 | 53.946432(12) | 1970 | 49.8(5) s | β− | 54Cr | 3+ | |||||||||||
| 54mV | 108.0(10) keV | 1998 | 900(500) ns | IT | 54V | (5)+ | |||||||||||||
| 55V | 23 | 32 | 54.947262(29) | 1977 | 6.54(15) s | β− | 55Cr | 7/2−# | |||||||||||
| 56V | 23 | 33 | 55.95042(19) | 1980 | 216(4) ms | β− | 56Cr | (1+) | |||||||||||
| 57V | 23 | 34 | 56.952297(91) | 1980 | 350(10) ms | β− | 57Cr | (7/2−) | |||||||||||
| 58V | 23 | 35 | 57.95660(10) | 1980 | 191(10) ms | β− | 58Cr | (1+) | |||||||||||
| 59V | 23 | 36 | 58.95962(15) | 1985 | 95(6) ms | β− (<97%) | 59Cr | (5/2−) | |||||||||||
| β−, n (>3%) | 58Cr | ||||||||||||||||||
| 60V | 23 | 37 | 59.96448(20) | 1985 | 122(18) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 60Cr | 3+# | |||||||||||
| 60m1V[n 12] | 0(150)# keV | 2003 | 40(15) ms | β− | 60Cr | 1+# | |||||||||||||
| 60m2V | 203.7(7) keV | 2010 | 230(24) ns | IT | 60V | (4+) | |||||||||||||
| 61V | 23 | 38 | 60.96760(25) | 1992 | 48.2(6) ms | β− (85.5%) | 61Cr | (3/2−) | |||||||||||
| β−, n (14.5%) | 60Cr | ||||||||||||||||||
| 62V | 23 | 39 | 61.97293(28) | 1997 | 33.6(23) ms | β− | 62Cr | 3+# | |||||||||||
| 63V | 23 | 40 | 62.97666(37) | 1997 | 19.6(9) ms | β− (<65%) | 63Cr | (3/2−,5/2−) | |||||||||||
| β−, n (>35%) | 62Cr | ||||||||||||||||||
| 64V | 23 | 41 | 63.98248(43)# | 1997 | 15(2) ms | β− | 64Cr | (1,2) | |||||||||||
| 64mV | 81.0(7) keV | 2014 | <1 μs | IT | 64V | ||||||||||||||
| 65V | 23 | 42 | 64.98700(54)# | 2009 | 14# ms [>620 ns] |
5/2−# | |||||||||||||
| 66V | 23 | 43 | 65.99324(54)# | 2009 | 10# ms [>620 ns] |
||||||||||||||
| 67V | 23 | 44 | 66.99813(64)# | 2013 | 8# ms [>620 ns] |
5/2−# | |||||||||||||
| 68V[8] | 23 | 45 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| This table header & footer: | |||||||||||||||||||
- mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
- # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition p: Proton emission - Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
See also
Daughter products other than vanadium