Vanadium(III) oxide
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula V2O3. It is a black basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium(III) complexes.[5] Upon exposure to air it gradually converts into indigo-blue VO2.[6] It occurs as the rare mineral karelianite.[7]
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3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.847 |
PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties[1] | |
| V2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 149.881 g/mol |
| Appearance | Black powder |
| Density | 4.87 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1,940 °C (3,520 °F; 2,210 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility in acids | soluble with difficulty |
| +1976.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Structure[2] | |
| Corundum, hR30 | |
| R3c (No. 167) | |
a = 547 pm α = 53.74°, β = 90°, γ = 90° | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
98.07 J/mol·K [3] |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−1218.800 kJ/mol [3] |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−1139.052 kJ/mol [3] |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[4] | |
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| Warning | |
| H315, H319, H332, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Structure
V2O3 has the corundum structure.[5] It is antiferromagnetic with a critical temperature of 160 K, below which there is an abrupt change in conductivity from metallic to insulating.[6] This also distorts the crystal structure to a monoclinic space group: C2/c.[2]
Preparation
Uses
Energy storage
Vanadium(III) oxide is a suitable cathode material for aqueous zinc metal batteries.[10]
It is of research interest in the form of porous N-doped carbon nanofibers (PNCNFs), which are suitable for lithium-ion storage.[11] The storage of other ions such as potassium has also been investigated.[12]
Vanadium oxides such as V2O3 possess four readily accessible valence states, making them suitable candidates for pseudocapacitive electrodes in energy storage applications.[8]
Catalysis
Vanadium(III) oxide and its composites have been used as catalysts for chemical looping reforming of methane, ammonium perchlorate decomposition, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and water splitting.[8]
