Velar ejective stop
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨kʼ⟩ in IPA
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A velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨kʼ⟩.
| Velar ejective stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| kʼ | |||
| IPA number | 109 + 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | kʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+006B U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | k_> | ||
| |||
Features
Features of a velar ejective:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, it is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | акы/aky | [akʼə] | 'one' | ||
| Adyghe | Temirgoy | шкӏэ/س̈ڃە/šč̣ʼǎ | ⓘ | 'calf' | |
| Shapsug[1] | кӏьэ / ڃیە / č̣yė | ⓘ | 'tail' | Palatalized. Corresponds to [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects.[2] | |
| Amharic | ቀን/ḳän | ⓘ | 'day' | ||
| Archi[3] | кIан/k'an | [kʼan] | 'bottom' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[4] | կեղծ/kekhts | [kʼɛʁt͡sʼ] | 'false' | Some speakers. Corresponds to tenuis [k⁼] in most speakers and other Eastern dialects. |
| Tbilisi dialect | կարմիր/karmir | [kʼɑɹmiɹ] | 'red' | ||
| Avar | кӀул / گۇل / ḳul | [kʼuɫ] | 'key' | ||
| Chechen | кӀант/khant/ࢰانت | [kʼənt] | 'boy' | ||
| Damin | k'uu | [kʼuː] | 'eye' | ||
| English[5][6] | Non-local Dublin[7] | back | [bækʼ] | 'back' | Allophone of /k/ for some speakers.[7] |
| Northern English[8][9][10] | Pre-pausal allophone of /k/ for some speakers;[9] may be somewhat palatalised. See English phonology | ||||
| Southern English[7][8][9] | |||||
| Scottish[11] | Occasional word-final allophone of /k/.[11] | ||||
| Georgian | კაბა/kʼaba | [kʼɑbɑ] | 'dress' | ||
| Haida | ttsanskkaagid | [tsʼanskʼaːkit] | 'beams' | ||
| Hausa | ƙoƙari / ࢼُوْࢼَرِی | [kʼòːkʼɐ̄ɾī] | 'effort' | ||
| Kabardian | Besleney | кӏьапсэ / ࢰالسە / ćapse | ⓘ | 'rope' | Palatalized. Corresponds to [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects.[2] |
| Kʼicheʼ | k'ak' | [kʼaːkʼ] | 'new' | ||
| Lak | кӀлла/ⱪalla/ࢰالّا | [kʼalːa] | 'rootless, foreign'[12] | ||
| Lezgian | кIир/k'ir | [kʼir] | 'fang' | ||
| Mpade[13] | takʼwa | [takʼʷa] | 'to vomit' | ||
| Navajo | k'os | [kʼòs] | 'cloud' | ||
| Ossetian | Iron | къона/khona | [ˈkʼonä] | 'hearth' | |
| Digoron | дзæкъолæ/dzækholæ | [d͡zəˈkʼoɫə] | 'bag' | ||
| Quechua | k'aspi | [kʼaspi] | 'stick' | ||
| Saanich[14][15] | QEJTEN | [kʷʼətʃʼtən] | 'salmon knife'[16] | Labialized | |
| Sotho | [example needed] | ||||