Voiced palatal lateral fricative
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʎ̝⟩ in IPA
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A voiced palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʎ̝⟩, though in extIPA ⟨𝼆̬⟩ is preferred.
L_r| Voiced palatal lateral fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʎ̝ | |
| 𝼆̬ | |
| IPA number | 157 429 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | L_r |
This sound is not known to occur as a phoneme in any language, but it does occur as an allophone of /ʎ/ in Italian, Spanish and Jebero.[1][2]
Features
Features of a voiced palatal lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most speech sounds.
Occurrence
Palatal
Post-palatal
| Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʎ̝˗ | |
| 𝼆̬˗ | |
| ʟ̝᫈ | |
| 𝼄̬᫈ |
A voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative can be found in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, in which it is clearly a fricative and articulated further back than typical palatals, but further forward than typical velars in most languages.[3]