List of Czechoslovakia interwar period weapons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of weapons used by Czechoslovakia during its interwar period (1918–1938). These include weapons that were designed and manufactured in Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovak modifications to existing weapons, like the Schwarzlose machine gun. After the dissolution of the Second Czechoslovak Republic, many of these weapons saw combat in World War II: with the Axis Slovak Republic and with Nazi Germany after it occupied Czechoslovakia.^[1]^[2] These weapons also saw widespread use abroad after being sold off to international buyers.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Small arms

Pistols

ČZ 24 as it is known commercially. It is designated by Czechoslovak military as Vz 24. Standard Czechoslovak interwar pistol
Pistole vz. 22^[7]
Pistole vz. 24^[7]
ČZ vz. 27^[8]^[9]
ČZ vz. 38^[10]^[9]^[11]^[12]

Rifles

Gewehr 98 inspired Czechoslovak Vz 24 rifle. Standard Czechoslovak army rifle for most of the interwar period
Vz. 98/22^[13]
Vz. 24^[14]^[13]
Vz. 33^[15]^[16]
Vz. 39^[17]
Czechoslovak ZH-29 one of the first semi-auto rifles in the world.
ZH-29^[18]^[19]

Submachine guns

Bulgarian soldier using Czechoslovak ZK-383 submachine gun with bipod deployed. Started production in 1938 just before occupation. Bipod added as was intended to be used as a squad automatic weapon like a Bren gun or DP28
ZK-383^[20]^[21]
KP vz. 38^[22]

Machine guns

ZB vz. 26 (main inspiration for Bren gun alongside the updated ZB vz 30)^[23]^[24]
ZB vz. 26 Czechoslovak light machine gun, which saw extensive use in World War II by several countries.
ZB vz. 30^[25]^[26]
Schwarzlose machine gun (Schwarzlose-Janeček vz.07/24 variant)^[27]^[28]
ZB-53(Czechoslovak army designation TK vz 37) Czechoslovak medium machine gun. Was invented in 1935 and produced in late 1930's.Before this Czechoslovakia used modified forms of the Schwarzlose machine gun as medium machine guns.
ZB-53 (main inspiration for Besa gun)^[29]^[30]
ZB-50^[31]
ZB-60 (main inspiration for Besa 15 mm heavy machine gun)^[32]^[33]

Mortars

8 cm minomet vz. 36^[34]^[35]

Grenades

Offensive/Defensive impact grenade Vz 21
OUG vz 34 impact grenade
ORG vz 38 impact grenade
OČRG vz 38 time fuze grenade

Artillery

Tank and Anti-tank guns

Skoda 3,7 cm KPÚV vz 37 interwar Czechoslovak anti-tank gun
3,7cm KPÚV vz. 34 (main armament of Czechoslovak tank LT vz 34 and LT vz 35 the latter AKA Panzer 35(t))^[36]^[37]
4cm kanón vz. 36^[38]
3,7cm KPÚV vz. 37^[39]^[40]
3,7cm ÚV vz. 38 (main armament of Czechoslovak LT vz 38 tank AKA Panzer 38(t))^[41]^[42]
4,7cm KPÚV vz. 38 (gun of Panzerjager I)^[43]^[44]

Field guns and Mountain guns

Heavy artillery

Anti-Aircraft artillery

Naval artillery

Skoda 14 cm/56 naval gun^[71]
Škoda 6.6 cm (2.6 inch) naval gun on the river monitor President Masaryk^[79]

Armoured fighting vehicles

Tanks

LT vz 38 Czechoslovak light tank. German designation Panzer38(t),. Most famous Czechoslovak interwar weapon after being popularised by use by Nazi Germany in early World War II (Polish campaign to start of operation Barbarossa). This tank also saw use in other countries as well as the previous LT vz 35 light tank.
Kolohousenka^[80]^[81]
LT vz. 34^[82]^[83]
LT vz 35 (Panzer 35(t))^[84]^[85]
LT vz 38(Panzer 38(t))^[86]^[87]
ST vz 39 (commercial designation V-8-H)^[88]

Tankettes

Tančík vz 33 Tankette in service with Czechoslovak military in inter-war period.
Tančík vz. 33^[89]^[90]
Škoda MU-4^[91]
AH-IV^[92]^[93]

Armoured cars

Replica OA vz 30 in Czechoslovak vehicle camouflage is which can be seen in previous Czechoslovak AFV images. Armoured car of Czechoslovak armed forces in inter-war period.
OA vz. 27^[94]^[95]
OA vz. 30^[96]^[97]
OA vz 23
Škoda Fiat Torino^[98]

References

[1]
Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Iola: Gun Digest Books. ISBN 9781440228926. p. 121.
[2]
"ZK 383". Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde (in French). I. Atlas. 1986. pp. 22–23.
[3]
Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Iola: Gun Digest Books. ISBN 9781440228926. p. 123.
[4]
"ZK 383". Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde (in French). I. Atlas. 1986. pp. 22–23.
[5]
Fenci, Jiří. "Nejprodávanější československá zbraň" (in Czech).
[6]
"Kolohousenka". Tank Encyclopedia. 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
[7]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[8]
Wood, J. B. (Jay Barclay), 1934- (2007). The Gun digest book of automatic pistols assembly/disassembly. Iola, WI: Gun Digest Books. ISBN 978-0-89689-473-0. OCLC 154686322.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[9]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1976). Axis pistols, rifles, and grenades. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. ISBN 0-668-04076-9. OCLC 2388349.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[10]
Cook, Philip J.; Ludwig, Jens (2002-02-14), "How Guns Matter", Gun ViolenceThe Real Costs, Oxford University Press, pp. 28–44, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195153842.003.0003, ISBN 978-0-19-515384-2, retrieved 2020-10-16
[11]
Hoare, Marko Attila (2006-12-14), "The Partisans in Western Bosnia, c. July 1941–October 1942", Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia, British Academy, doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197263808.003.0006, ISBN 978-0-19-726380-8, retrieved 2020-10-16
[12]
Fraser, K.C. (May 1997). "Handguns: Semi-automatic Pistols and Revolvers and Sub-machine Guns97319James Marchington. Handguns: Semi-automatic Pistols and Revolvers and Sub-machine Guns. London: Brassey's 1997. 126 pp, ISBN: 1 85753 163 9 £15.95 Brassey's Modern Military Equipment Series". Reference Reviews. 11 (5): 42–43. doi:10.1108/rr.1997.11.5.42.319. ISSN 0950-4125.
[13]
Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). Mauser military rifles of the world (5th ed.). Illa, Wis.: Gun Diget Books. ISBN 978-1-4402-2892-6. OCLC 775346102.
[14]
Erickson, John; Axworthy, Mark; Scafes, Cornel; Craciunoiu, Cristian (October 1995). "Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Forces in the European War, 1941-1945". The Journal of Military History. 59 (4): 740. doi:10.2307/2944509. ISSN 0899-3718. JSTOR 2944509.
[15]
Grant, Neil (Military historian) (2015). Mauser military rifles. Dennis, Peter. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4728-0596-6. OCLC 902957490.
[16]
Taborsky, Edward (September 1964). "Jan Kren, Do emigrace: Buržoasni zahranični odboj, 1938-1939. Prague: Naše Vojsko, 1963. 579 pp". Slavic Review. 23 (3): 589–590. doi:10.2307/2492702. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 2492702. S2CID 163609302.
[17]
"Samonabíjecí puška ČZ 36". 20 November 2018.
[18]
"Czechoslovak rifle semi-automatic type ZH-29 — Encyclopedia of safety". survincity.com. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
[19]
Shih, Hu (1937). "The Changing Balance of Forces in the Pacific". Foreign Affairs. 15 (2): 254–259. doi:10.2307/20028763. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20028763.
[20]
Thibaud, Clément (2006), "Annexes", Républiques en armes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, pp. 383–391, doi:10.4000/books.pur.6929, ISBN 978-2-7535-0221-5
[21]
H., R.; Smith, W. H. B. (April 1969). "Small Arms of the World: A Basic Manual of Military Small Arms". Military Affairs. 33 (1): 271. doi:10.2307/1984491. ISSN 0026-3931. JSTOR 1984491.
[22]
"Ropiky.net - Hlavní stránka". www.ropiky.net. Retrieved 2020-10-19.
[23]
Jowett, Philip S., 1961- (19 June 2018). Latin American wars 1900-1941 : "banana wars," border wars & revolutions. Walsh, Stephen, 1966-. Oxford, UK. ISBN 978-1-4728-2628-2. OCLC 1002126292.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[24]
Hancock, M. Donald (March 1969). "Peaceful Conflict. By Edward Bernard Glick. (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1967. Pp. 234. $6.50.)". American Political Science Review. 63 (1): 253–254. doi:10.1017/s0003055400262230. ISSN 0003-0554. S2CID 151397851.
[25]
Jowett, Philip S., 1961- (20 September 2016). Modern African wars (5) : The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967-70. Ruggeri, Raffaele. Oxford, UK. ISBN 978-1-4728-1609-2. OCLC 933722215.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[26]
Perutka, Lukás (2014). Checoslovaquia, Guatemala y México en el Período de la Revolución Guatemalteca. Barteček, Ivo,, Kovář, Martin,, Řezáčová, Kateřina (Primero edición ed.). Prague, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-246-2490-7. OCLC 896847773.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
[27]
"IX. The League in General", Guide to League of Nations Publications, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, pp. 126–142, 1951-12-31, doi:10.7312/aufr91362-020, retrieved 2020-10-20
[28]
Dyčka, Lukáš (2017-06-20). "Towed Anti-Tank Guns Renaissance of Almost Forgotten Weapons in Ukrainian Conflict". International Conference Knowledge-Based Organization. 23 (1): 100–105. doi:10.1515/kbo-2017-0015. ISSN 2451-3113. S2CID 159467319.
[29]
"ZB 53 / Vz.37". Modern Firearms. 2010-10-27. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
[30]
"MG 37 (t) & VZ 37 & ZB 53". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
[31]
"ZB 50". Modern Firearms. 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
[32]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[33]
Gander, Terry. (1979) [1978]. Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[34]
Gander, Terry. (1979) [1978]. Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[35]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[36]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1993). Encyclopedia of German tanks of World War Two : a complete illustrated directory of German battle tanks, armoured cars, self-propelled guns, and semi-tracked vehicles, 1933-1945. Doyle, H. L. (Hilary Louis) (Rev. ed.). London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-214-6. OCLC 29878989.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[37]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[38]
Janoušek, Jiří, 1943- (2007). Československé dělostřelectvo 1918-1939 (1. vyd ed.). Praha: Nakladatelstvi Corona. ISBN 978-80-86116-34-1. OCLC 234356970.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[39]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[40]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[41]
"Systematik der Waffen", Historische Waffen und Kostüme, Band 1, Waffensammlung Dreger: mit einer Einführung in die Systematik der Waffen, Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 1926, doi:10.1515/9783111401676.13, retrieved 2020-10-24
[42]
"CANNON, MACHINE GUNS AND AMMUNITION". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
[43]
Gander, Terry. (1973). German anti-tank guns, 1939-1945. New Maldon: Almark Pub. ISBN 0-85524-141-1. OCLC 1144911.
[44]
Hogg, Ian V., 1926-2002. (2000). Twentieth-century artillery. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 0-7607-1994-2. OCLC 44779672.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[45]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[46]
"WorldWar2.ro - 75mm Skoda field gun model 1928". worldwar2.ro. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
[47]
Chamberlain, Peter. (1975). Infantry, mountain, and airborne guns. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. ISBN 0-668-03819-5. OCLC 2067391.
[48]
Chamberlain, Peter and Gander, Terry. Infantry, Mountain and Airborne Guns.
[49]
Chamberlain, Peter. (1975). Light and medium field artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. ISBN 0-668-03820-9. OCLC 2067331.
[50]
Engelmann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. Deutsche Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974.
[51]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[52]
Chris Bishop (editor). The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II: The comprehensive guide to over 1,500 weapon systems, including small arms, artillery, tanks, ships, submarines and warplanes. Metrobooks (2002) p. 142.
[53]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[54]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[55]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[56]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[57]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[58]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[59]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1975). Heavy artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. ISBN 0-668-03898-5. OCLC 2143869.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[60]
The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II. Bishop, Chris, -2008. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 1998. ISBN 0-7607-1022-8. OCLC 40924461.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
[61]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1975). Heavy artillery. Gander, Terry. Arco. ISBN 0668038985.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[62]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[63]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[64]
Ortner, M. C. (2007). The Austro-Hungarian Artillery from 1867 to 1918 : technology, organization and tactics. Wien: Militaria. ISBN 978-3-902526-13-7. OCLC 232999331.
[65]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[66]
Hogg, Ian V., 1926-2002. (2002). German artillery of World War Two ([2002 ed.] ed.). London: Greenhill, Books. ISBN 1-85367-480-X. OCLC 50056418.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[67]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[68]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[69]
"SOV - 305mm houfnice Br-18 : Carské Rusko / SSSR / Nástupnické státy SSSR (RUS/SOV)". www.valka.cz (in Czech). January 2011. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
[70]
Vladimír, Francev (2015-05-12). Československé zbraně ve světě: V míru i za války (in Czech). Grada Publishing a.s. ISBN 978-80-247-9766-3.
[71]
Campbell, N. J. M. (1985). Naval weapons of World War Two. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4. OCLC 13085151.
[72]
Heller, Daniel. (2002). Zwischen Unternehmertum, Politik und Überleben : Emil G. Bührle und die Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon, Bührle & Co. 1924 bis 1945. Frauenfeld: Huber. ISBN 3-7193-1277-1. OCLC 50605896.
[73]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[74]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[75]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[76]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[77]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[78]
Gander, Terry. (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich : an encyclopedic survey of all small arms, artillery, and special weapons of the German land forces, 1939-1945. Chamberlain, Peter, 1919-. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. OCLC 5071295.
[79]
Felix Bustelo. "President Masaryk Czechoslovakian River Monitor". SteelNavy.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
[80]
"Kolohousenka". Tank Encyclopedia. 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
[81]
"ČKD KH-50 \ KH-60 \ KH-70 Легкие танки". aviArmor (in Russian). 2018-09-02. Archived from the original on December 30, 2012. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
[82]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1993). Encyclopedia of German tanks of World War Two : a complete illustrated directory of German battle tanks, armoured cars, self-propelled guns, and semi-tracked vehicles, 1933-1945. Doyle, H. L. (Hilary Louis) (Rev. ed.). London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-214-6. OCLC 29878989.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[83]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[84]
Axworthy, Mark. (1995). Third axis, fourth ally : Romanian armed forces in the European war, 1941-1945. Scafeș, Cornel I., Crăciunoiu, Cristian., Mazal Holocaust Collection. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-267-7. OCLC 32552622.
[85]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1993). Encyclopedia of German tanks of World War Two : a complete illustrated directory of German battle tanks, armoured cars, self-propelled guns, and semi-tracked vehicles, 1933-1945. Doyle, H. L. (Hilary Louis) (Rev. ed.). London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-214-6. OCLC 29878989.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[86]
Carius, Otto. (2003). Tigers in the mud : the combat career of German Panzer Commander Otto Carius (1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2911-7. OCLC 52057878.
[87]
Chamberlain, Peter, 1919- (1993). Encyclopedia of German tanks of World War Two : a complete illustrated directory of German battle tanks, armoured cars, self-propelled guns, and semi-tracked vehicles, 1933-1945. Doyle, H. L. (Hilary Louis) (Rev. ed.). London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-214-6. OCLC 29878989.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[88]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[89]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[90]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[91]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[92]
Axworthy, Mark. (1995). Third axis, fourth ally : Romanian armed forces in the European war, 1941-1945. Scafeș, Cornel I., Crăciunoiu, Cristian., Mazal Holocaust Collection. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-267-7. OCLC 32552622.
[93]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[94]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[95]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[96]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Czechoslovak armored fighting vehicles, 1918-1948. Francev, Vladimír, 1946-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1. OCLC 36776238.
[97]
Kliment, Charles K. (1997). Germany's first ally : armed forces of the Slovak state, 1939-1945. Nakládal, Břetislav, (Bfietislav), 1933-. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1. OCLC 40939709.
[98]
https://tank-afv.com/ww2/czech/Skoda_Fiat_Torino.php