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Plural or singular?

Which is correct?

  • "Xxxxxx is a genus of butterflies in the family Yyyyyy."
  • "Xxxxxx is a genus of butterfly in the family Yyyyyy."

I can't find clarification in the MoS and I see it both ways, so I don't know which way it should be. Thank you.  SchreiberBike | ⌨  00:11, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

User:SchreiberBike I believe that when it is genus it is butterflies, however when it is species it is butterfly. Iazyges Consermonor Opus meum 01:11, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
Sminthopsis84 Can you help us out here?  – Corinne (talk) 01:16, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
My personal opinion is that it should parallel "is a family of", because genera and families are almost always groups of multiple species. There are a few cases where there is only one species in a genus, and even some where there is only one species in a family, but I don't think that biologists would argue that the singular form should be used for that reason (undiscovered species might turn up, creating a need to go back and change the phrasing). The singular might be based on "Xxxxx is a type of butterfly", but I suspect it also comes from the form of names for genera and families. Families have plural names in Latin (Hominidae, Asteraceae) but genus names are singular (Homo, Aster), and I suspect that is the reason that some people use the singular form above. My personal opinion is that it is hypercorrect to do that, and much more in keeping with English norms to use the plural. People used to use Latin grammar on stray words in English, such as Rubi as the plural of Rubus, but nowadays I think we use the Latin words as if they are English. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 01:38, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
DuckDuckGo has search results for "is a genus of butterfly", and search results for "is a genus of butterflies". I prefer the singular form, for the reasons mentioned in your third and fourth sentences, regardless of whether the genus contains only one species or more than one, and I do not consider it to be hypercorrect. (If a guideline is adopted, then it can be added to Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organisms.)
—Wavelength (talk) 03:01, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
Chevrolet is a brand of automobile by General Motors.
—Wavelength (talk) 05:33, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

I would go with singular for species and plural for genus, since most of the biological sources seem to do so, for reasons Sminthopsis outlines. It's semantically meaningful, because the species within a genus are generally quite distinct. Felis catus [yes, you can also treat it as a subspecies, but just go with the simple version for the sake of this example] is a small species of cat, in a very particular way: any member of this species will happily breed with other members of the species from anywhere in the world, and regardless of their often marked phenotypic differences. By contrast, Felis is a genus of cats; they are distinct from each other, and will usually not interbreed unless forced to by captivity or (in the wild) desperation due to lack of an available mate of their own species, even when some of them look more alike than do various different domestic breeds of F. catus. It's fine for a WP editor to use the singular for a monophyletic genus; all of WP is under constant revision, so "it might not be monophyletic forever" is irrelevant in this publication. It wouldn't make much sense, really, to write something like "Mezzettia is a genus of plants in family Annonaceae" when there is only one Mezzettia. However, it doesn't make good sense, either, to have (as Alphonsea does right now) "Alphonsea is a genus of plant in the family Annonaceae" when there are dozens of Alphonsea species of plants. If I eat a big bag of gummy bears, I do not say "I ate almost half a pound of gummy bear, at least three dozen of it." If I eat one large sandwich, however, I also don't say "I'm very full from eating so many sandwiches." I.e., let the language do what it normally does, and don't try to hammer it into unnatural WP:SSF molds, especially when we (and more importantly, our readers) don't get anything useful out of the endeavor.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  12:16, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

The gummy bear example is illuminating. If you say "I ate a big bag of gummy bear", you are suggesting that they had become damp at some point and what you ate was an indecipherable mass. Similarly, "Xxxxxx is a genus of butterfly" invites the reader to suppose that there may be only one species in the genus, or even that it was a species described on the basis of one individual butterfly whose like has never been seen since. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 14:15, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
BT;DT, though it was due to leaving a bag of gummies on the dashboard in the sun. So sad.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  11:01, 8 December 2016 (UTC)
Your bag of gummy bears can have your favorite color of gummy bear (one or more gummy bears of your favorite color). Your collection of butterflies can have your favorite genus of butterfly (one or more butterflies of your favorite genus).
—Wavelength (talk) 17:07, 4 December 2016 (UTC) and 20:36, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
:-) Actually, I disagree. A collection inherently implies diversity, so to say that it includes one's "favorite genus of butterfly" suggests that it is a genus with only one species/individual, it calls attention to the singular nature of that genus. A collector would be more likely to call attention to their "favorite genus of butterflies" in all its diverse beauty. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 13:45, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
Usage varies, is all I think we can say, and there may be dialect differences, where "dialect" is taken broadly. Thus I hear the birders I sometimes go birdwatching with using the singular where I would use the plural: many of them say "There are a lot of swan on the water today" when I would say "There are a lot of swans on the water today". The singular here emphasizes the kind rather than the number of individuals, or so it seems to me; it's stressing what kind the birds on the water are, rather than their number. Peter coxhead (talk) 14:46, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
Yeah, I've read several kinda-sorta treatises on this with regard to fish versus fishes, with the idea being that the singular-form mass noun indicates a quantity ("I ate too much fish last night") or a generality ("all the fish are dying out in the lake"), while the pluralizable count noun indicates types ("there are 27 different fishes in the lake's ecosystem", "I have four fishes, amounting to 32 fish, in my aquarium"). In reality, I can't find any evidence anyone takes this idea seriously, outside a handful of specialist publications, and rarely even then. I virtually guarantee that you'll never in your life hear someone say "I eat at least 3 different fishes when I go out for sushi", and only a total prat would write something like "there are 27 different fishes in the lake's ecosystem" instead of "there are 27 different fish species ...". We can't depend on people internalizing largely fictional distinctions like this that make doofuses giggle to themselves about show clever and learned they are. Thus my "let the language do what it normally does" position. People are naturally inclined to use the plural with a genus with more than one species, and to use the singular with a monophyletic one. It's simpler to observe this than to try to force them to do something different on the basis of alleged specialized practice that we don't really have consistent evidence of anyway.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  09:33, 8 December 2016 (UTC)
SMcCandlish, which sense of prat do you mean?
—Wavelength (talk) 16:50, 8 December 2016 (UTC)
Didn't realize they were so many! The usage I'm most familiar with derives from English, Etymology 2, noun 3, and is a minced version of a similar-sounding word that starts with "t". >;-)  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  18:34, 8 December 2016 (UTC)
I don't know if it help here, but I sometimes notice that others use a plural for math. In US English, math is a collective noun, and used in the singular form. It seems that in other English speaking countries that this isn't true. It might be that some of the other collective/non-collective distinctions also are different between different English speaking countries. Gah4 (talk) 10:23, 8 December 2016 (UTC)
That just coincidentally looks like pluralization. It's actually a difference in dialectal abbreviation of the same word, mathematics, much like the difference between TV and telly for television.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  10:58, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

We've had four opinions, three in favor of plural and one for singular. Searches of Wikipedia and Google for "is a genus of (butterfly/butterflies) (moth/moths) (bat/bats) (etc.)" show that the plural is more common but not overwhelmingly so.

We can (a) let it go and continue to let people do as they wish and be inconsistent like the rest of the world, (b) be prescriptive and settle on plural following the majority, (c) make it another VAR thing where what was written first shouldn't be changed without good reason, or, I'm open to other suggestions.

I suspect we'll compromise on (a), though I'm a prescriptive sort and would prefer (b). Is there a need for any further discussion? Thank you.  SchreiberBike | ⌨  23:15, 10 December 2016 (UTC)

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