12th federal electoral district of Michoacán
Defunct federal electoral district of Mexico
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 12th federal electoral district of Michoacán (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 12 de Michoacán) is a defunct federal electoral district of the Mexican state of Michoacán.
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During its existence, the 12th district returned one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. From 1979 onwards, votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.[1][2]
Suspended in 1930,[a] it was re-established as part of the 1977 political reforms.[6] The restored 12th district was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election and it elected its final deputy in the 2021 mid-terms. It was dissolved by the National Electoral Institute (INE) in its 2023 redistricting process because the state's population no longer warranted 12 districts.[7]
District territory
| 1974 | 1978 | 1996 | 2005 | 2017 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michoacán | 9 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 |
| Chamber of Deputies | 196 | 300 | ||||
| Sources: [6][7][8][9] | ||||||
2017–2022
- In its final form, the 12th district covered 11 municipalities in the south-west of the state:[10]
- The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations were gathered together and tallied, was the city of Apatzingán de la Constitución.[9]
2005–2017
- Under the 2005 districting plan, Michoacán lost its 13th district. Between 2005 and 2017, the 12th district had the same configuration as under the 2017 scheme.[11][12]
1996–2005
- Under the 1996 districting scheme, the district's head town was at Apatzingán but its configuration was different:[13][12]
- Aguililla, Apatzingán, Buenavista and Tancítaro, as in the later plans, plus Gabriel Zamora, La Huacana, Múgica, Nuevo Urecho and Parácuaro.
1978–1996
- The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under the reforms, Michoacán's allocation rose from 9 to 13.[8] The 12th district's head town was at Los Reyes and it comprised 11 municipalities:[14]
Deputies returned to Congress
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| Election | Deputy | Party | Term | Legislature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1916 | José Silva Herrera[15][16] | 1916–1917 | Constituent Congress of Querétaro | |
| 1917 | José Silva Herrera[17] | 1917–1918 | 27th Congress | |
| 1918 | José Silva Herrera[18] | 1918–1920 | 28th Congress | |
| 1920 | Rafael M. González[19] | 1920–1922 | 29th Congress | |
| 1922 | Alfredo Álvarez Treviño[20] | 1922–1924 | 30th Congress | |
| 1924 | Alfredo Álvarez Treviño[21] | 1924–1926 | 31st Congress | |
| 1926 | Silviano Hurtado[22] | 1926–1928 | 32nd Congress | |
| 1928 | Silviano Hurtado[23] | 1928–1930 | 33rd Congress | |
| The 12th district was suspended between 1930 and 1979 | ||||
| 1979 | Abimael López Castillo[24] |  |
1979–1982 | 51st Congress |
| 1982 | José Cervantes Acosta[25] | |
1982–1985 | 52nd Congress |
| 1985 | Leonel Villalobos Chávez[26] | |
1985–1988 | 53rd Congress |
| 1988 | Isidro Aguilera Ortiz[27] |  |
1988–1991 | 54th Congress |
| 1991 | Medardo Méndez Alfaro[28] | |
1991–1994 | 55th Congress |
| 1994 | Víctor Silva Tejeda[29] | |
1994–1997 | 56th Congress |
| 1997 | Lázaro Cárdenas Batel[30] |  |
1997–2000 | 57th Congress |
| 2000 | Cuauhtémoc Montero Esquivel[31] | |
2000–2003 | 58th Congress |
| 2003 | Inelvo Moreno Álvarez[32] | |
2003–2006 | 59th Congress |
| 2006 | Irineo Mendoza Mendoza[33] | |
2006–2009 | 60th Congress |
| 2009 | José María Valencia Barajas[34] | |
2009–2012 | 61st Congress |
| 2012 | Salvador Ortiz García[35] | |
2012–2015 | 62nd Congress |
| 2015 | Omar Noé Bernardino Vargas[36] |  |
2015–2018 | 63rd Congress |
| 2018 | Francisco Javier Huacus Esquivel[37] |  |
2018–2021 | 64th Congress |
| 2021 | Francisco Javier Huacus Esquivel[38][b] | |
2021–2024 | 65th Congress |
Presidential elections
| Election | District won by | Party or coalition | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018[40] | Andrés Manuel López Obrador |   Juntos Haremos Historia |
55.2241 |
Notes
- An amendment to Article 52 of the Constitution in 1928 changed the original provision of "one deputy per 60,000 inhabitants" to "one deputy per 100,000";[3][4] as a result, the size of the Chamber of Deputies fell from 281 in the 1928 election to 171 in 1934.[5]