(523692) 2014 EZ51
Trans-Neptunian object
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(523692) 2014 EZ51 (provisional designation 2014 EZ51) is a large trans-Neptunian object in the scattered disc, approximately 600 kilometres (400 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 2010, by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States.[1]
2014 EZ51 imaged by the Dark Energy Survey in March 2017 | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Pan-STARRS 1 |
| Discovery site | Haleakala Obs. |
| Discovery date | 18 April 2010 |
| Designations | |
| (523692) 2014 EZ51 | |
| TNO[2][3] · SDO[4] · distant[1] | |
| Orbital characteristics[2] | |
| Epoch 5 May 2025 (JD 2460800.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 2[2] · 2[1] | |
| Observation arc | 14.22 yr (5,193 d) |
| Aphelion | 63.732 AU |
| Perihelion | 39.972 AU |
| 51.852 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.2291 |
| 373.4 yr (136,380 d) | |
| 270.38° | |
| 0° 0m 9.36s / day | |
| Inclination | 10.288° |
| 27.634° | |
| 332.68° | |
| Known satellites | 0 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| 3.200±0.002 h[6]:â4â | |
| 0.13 (assumed)[3] | |
| 3.86[1][2] | |
2014 EZ51 has not yet been imaged by high-resolution telescopes, so it has no known moons.[7] The Hubble Space Telescope is planned to image 2014 EZ51 in 2026, which should determine if it has significantly sized moons.[7]
Orbit and classification
2014 EZ51 orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.4â64.4 AU once every 379 years and 3 months (138,537 days; semi-major axis of 52.4 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Haleakala in April 2010.[1]
Numbering and naming
This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 2018 (M.P.C. 111779).[8] As of January 2026[update], it has not been named.[1]
Physical characteristics
According to Michael Brown and Johnston's Archive, 2014 EZ51 could measure somewhere around 620 kilometers in diameter, based on an absolute magnitude of 3.86 and an assumed albedo of 0.13.[3] On 25 February 2019, a stellar occultation by 2014 EZ51 was observed in New Zealand. From these observations, a lower limit of 575 km was placed on its mean diameter.[5]
In 2023, a study on photometric observations of trans-Neptunian objects by the Kepler space telescope found that 2014 EZ51 rotates with a period of 3.2 hours and exhibits a light curve amplitude of 0.145±0.026 magnitudes, which indicates its shape must be elongated.[6]:â4, 10â
