100 Peaks of Taiwan

Selection of best hiking peaks From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Baiyue (Chinese: 臺灣百岳; pinyin: Táiwān bǎiyuè) is a list of one hundred mountain peaks in Taiwan. They were chosen by a group of prominent Taiwanese hikers from mountain peaks known at the time to be over 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in height.[a] The selection criteria included uniqueness, danger, height, beauty and prominence. Preference was also given to peaks already named and those with triangulation points.[1][2] As such, "Top" does not refer strictly to the highest peaks by elevation, but rather peaks most worth hiking. The list was intended to promote enthusiasm for high-altitude hiking in Taiwan.[3] In the resulting list of one hundred peaks, 69 peaks were in the Central Mountain Range, the largest of Taiwan's five principal mountain ranges, while 19 were in the Xueshan Range, and 12 were in the Yushan Range.[4] The Alishan Range and Coastal Mountain Range, being below 3,000m, have no peaks in the list of Baiyue.

History

Taiwan has one of the highest densities of tall mountains in the world.[citation needed] To promote mountain hiking, the Taiwan Alpine Association began developing a list of top 100 peaks for Taiwan. Wen-An Lin, after a 1971 crossing of the Central Mountain Range, set about drawing up the list. Significant contributions in sourcing photos and materials were made by the following: Ruan Rongzhu, Winston Shieh, Yang Zhang Bilian, and the Chinese Mountain Association. After extensive consultation with Ching-Chang Tsai, Tian-Cheng Hsing, Tung-San Ting and other prominent hikers of the day, the list of Baiyue was finalized.[1]

Upon completion of the list, hiking the Baiyue immediately became one of the primary goals of avid hikers in Taiwan.[1][2][5][6][7] Finishing the Baiyue is no easy task, however. For aspiring Baiyue hikers, the Five Greats, Three Spires, and One Ogre (Hanzi: 五嶽三尖一奇), whose unique beauty best represents the grandeur of Taiwan's high mountains, became a popular starting point. Other popular sets of peaks include the Harsh Ten and Four Beauties (Hanzi: 十峻四秀). Many begin with the more easily accessible peaks in the Hehuanshan area.

There are actually over 260 mountain peaks over 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in Taiwan, many of which were not listed in the Baiyue, but nonetheless impressive. Therefore, some criticism remains over the inclusion of certain mountain peaks on the list, and the exclusion of others, such as Chushan in the Dongjunshan Chain, and Mutelebushan near Xueshan's North Peak. Some have argued that these peaks should be in the Baiyue, while peaks such as Jupenshan, Lushan, Nanhubeishan, Shenmazhenshan, Jianshan, and Bulakesangshan, should be taken off the list. Also, when resurveying was carried out long after the Baiyue list was completed, it was found that Liushunshan and Lushan were under 3,000m. However, as the Baiyue already enjoyed such widespread acceptance, they were not removed from the list and remain there to this day.

100 Minor Peaks of Taiwan

Further information (in Chinese): 100 Minor Peaks of Taiwan [zh]

Later, a separate list of 100 smaller peaks lower in altitude and closer to urban areas (Chinese: 郊山)[8] was published by the Executive Yuan Sports Affairs Council in 2003, suitable for people of all physical abilities, to encourage more people to connect with nature.[9]

Complete listing of Baiyue

The following is a complete listing of the 100 Taiwanese mountain peaks commonly known as the Baiyue:

More information #, Mountain Peak ...
#
Mountain Peak
[10]
Elevation
[10]		DifficultyLocationNational parkListingPicture
1Yushan[i] (玉山)3952 m
12966 ft		 ANantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi CountyYushanFive Greats #1[b]
Three Highs #1[c]
2Xueshan[ii] (雪山)3886 m
12749 ft		 AMiaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaFive Greats #2[b]
Three Highs #2[c]
3Yushan East Peak (玉山東峰)3869 m
12694 ft		 C+Nantou County, Kaohsiung CityYushanHarsh Ten #1[d]
4Yushan North Peak (玉山北峰)3858 m
12657 ft		 BNantou CountyYushanEight Beauties #1[e]
5Yushan South Peak (玉山南峰)3844 m
12612 ft		 C+Kaohsiung CityYushanHarsh Ten #2[d]
6Xiuguluanshan[iii] (秀姑巒山)3825 m
12549 ft		 BHualien County, Nantou CountyYushanFive Greats #3[b]
7Mabolasishan[iv] (馬博拉斯山)3785 m
12418 ft		 C+ Hualien County, Nantou CountyYushanHarsh Ten #3[d]
8Nanhudashan (南湖大山)3742 m
12277 ft		 BTaichung CityTarokoFive Greats #4[b]
9Dongxiaonanshan (東小南山)3711 m
12175 ft		 CKaohsiung CityYushanFlat Nine #1[f]
10Central Range Point (中央尖山)3705 m
12156 ft		 C+ Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoThree Spires #1[g]
11Xueshan North Peak[v] (雪山北峰)3703 m
12149 ft		 C+ Miaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaGentle Ten #2[h]
12Guanshan[vi] (關山)3668 m
12034 ft		 CTaitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanHarsh Ten #4[d]
13Dashuikushan (大水堀山)3642 m
11949 ft		 BHualien County, Nantou CountyYushanGentle Ten #1[h]
14Nanhushan East Peak[vii] (南湖大山東峰)3632 m
11916 ft		 BTaichung City, Hualien County, Yilan CountyTarokoRocky Ten #1[i]
15Dongjundashan[viii] (東郡大山)3619 m
11873 ft		 C+ Nantou CountyMajestic Ten #1[j]
16Qilaishan North Peak (奇萊山北峰)3607 m
11834 ft		 BHualien CountyTarokoHarsh Ten #5[d]
One Ogre[k]
17Xiangyangshan[ix] (向陽山)3603 m
11821 ft		 AKaohsiung City, Taitung CountyYushanEight Beauties #2[e]
18Dajianshan[x](大劍山)3594 m
11791 ft		 BTaichung CityShei-PaHarsh Ten #6[d]
19Yunfeng[xi] (雲峰)3564 m
11693 ft		 CKaohsiung CityYushanLofty Nine #1[l]
20Qilaishan[xii] (奇萊山)3560 m
11680 ft		 BHualien County, Nantou CountyTarokoLofty Nine #2[l]
21Malijiananshan[xiii] (馬利加南山)3546 m
11634 ft		 C+ Nantou County, Hualien CountyYushanRocky Ten #2[i]
22Nanhubeishan[xiv] (南湖北山)3536 m
11601 ft		 BYilan County, Taichung CityTarokoMajestic Ten #2[j]
23Daxueshan (大雪山)3530 m
11581 ft		 CMiaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaMajestic Ten #3[j]
24Pintianshan[xv](品田山)3524 m
11562 ft		 BHsinchu County, Taichung CityShei-PaHarsh Ten #7[d]
Four Beauties #1[m]
25Yushan West Peak[xvi] (玉山西峰)3518 m
11542 ft		 AChiayi County, Nantou CountyYushanVerdant Ten #4[n]
26Touyingshan (頭鷹山)3510 m
11516 ft		 CTaichung City, Miaoli CountyShei-PaLofty Nine #3[l]
27Sanchashan[xvii] (三叉山)3496 m
11470 ft		 AHualien County, Taitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanMajestic Ten #3[j]
28Dabajianshan[xviii] (大霸尖山)3492 m
11457 ft		 AHsinchu County, Miaoli CountyShei-PaThree Spires #2[g]
29Nanhushan South Peak (南湖大山南峰)3475 m
11401 ft		 CTaichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoRocky Ten #5[i]
30Dongluandashan (東巒大山)3468 m
11378 ft		 C+ Nantou CountyEight Beauties #3[e]
31Wumingshan[xix] (無明山)3451 m
11322 ft		 C+ Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoHarsh Ten #8[d]
32Babashan[xx] (å·´å·´å±±)3449 m
11316 ft		 CTaichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoLittle Eight #1[o]
33Maxishan[xxi] (馬西山)3443 m
11296 ft		 C+ Hualien CountyYushanMajestic Ten #5[j]
34Hehuanshan North Peak (合歡山北峰)3422 m
11227 ft		 ANantou County, Hualien CountyTarokoMajestic Ten #6[j]
35Hehuanshan East Peak (合歡山東峰)3421 m
11224 ft		 ANantou County, Hualien CountyTarokoLofty Nine #4[l]
36Xiaobajianshan (小霸尖山)3418 m
11214 ft		 BMiaoli CountyShei-PaCraggy Eight #2[p]
37Hehuanshan Main Peak (合歡山主峰)3417 m
11211 ft		 ANantou CountyTarokoGentle Ten #3[h]
38South Yushan (南玉山)3383 m
11099 ft		 CKaohsiung CityYushanGentle Ten #4[h]
39Bilushan[xxii] (畢綠山)3371 m
11060 ft		 AHualien County, Nantou CountyTarokoNarrow Eight #3[q]
40Zhuoshedashan (桌社大山)3369 m
11053 ft		 CNantou CountyLofty Nine #5[l]
41Qilaishan South Peak (奇萊山南峰)3358 m
11017 ft		 ANantou CountyMajestic Ten #7[j]
42Nanshuangtoushan (南雙頭山)3356 m
11010 ft		 CHualien County, Kaohsiung CityYushanLofty Nine #6[l]
43Nenggaoshan South Peak (能高山南峰)3349 m
10988 ft		 CNantou County, Hualien CountyHarsh Ten #9[d]
44Zhijiayangdashan (佳陽山)3345 m
10974 ft		 ATaichung CityShei-PaEight Beauties #4[e]
45Baigudashan[xxiii] (白姑大山)3342 m
10965 ft		 BNantou County, Taichung CityVerdant Ten #7[n]
46Batongguanshan (八通關山)3335 m
10942 ft		 ANantou CountyYushanCraggy Eight #3[p]
47Xinkangshan[xxiv] (新康山)3331 m
10928 ft		 CHualien CountyYushanHarsh Ten #10[d]
48Dandashan (丹大山)3325 m
10909 ft		 CNantou County, Hualien CountyNine Walls #3[r]
49Taoshan (桃山)3325 m
10909 ft		 AHsinchu County, Taichung CityShei-PaEight Beauties #5[e]
Four Beauties #2[m]
50Jiayangshan[xxv] (佳陽山)3314 m
10873 ft		 BTaichung CityShei-PaCraggy Eight #4[p]
51Huoshishan (火石山)3310 m
10860 ft		 CMiaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaCraggy Eight #5[p]
52Chiyoushan[xxvi] (池有山)3303 m
10837 ft		 AHsinchu County, Taichung CityShei-PaSimple Six #1[s]
Four Beauties #3[m]
53Yizeshan[xxvii] (伊澤山)3297 m
10817 ft		 AMiaoli County, Hsinchu CountyShei-PaSimple Six #2[s]
54Beinanzhushan (卑南主山)3295 m
10810 ft		 CKaohsiung City, Taitung CountyMajestic Ten #8[j]
55Ganzhuowanshan (干卓萬山)3284 m
10774 ft		 CNantou CountyNarrow Eight #4[q]
56Taroko Mountain (太魯閣大山)3283 m
10771 ft		 C+ Hualien CountyTarokoMajestic Ten #9[j]
57Lulushan[xxviii] (轆轆山)3279 m
10758 ft		 CKaohsiung CityYushanCraggy Eight #7[p]
58Kaxipananshan (喀西帕南山)3276 m
10748 ft		 C+ Hualien CountyYushanRemote Nine #4[t]
59Neilingershan (內嶺爾山)3275 m
10745 ft		 CHualien CountyMajestic Ten #10[j]
60Lingmingshan (鈴鳴山)3272 m
10735 ft		 BTaichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoEight Beauties #6[e]
61Jundashan (郡大山)3265 m
10712 ft		 ANantou CountyYushanEight Beauties #7[e]
62Nenggaoshan[xxix] (能高山)3262 m
10702 ft		 CNantou County, Hualien CountyLofty Nine #7[l]
Three Highs #3[c]
63Wandongshan West Peak[xxx] (萬東山西峰)3258 m
10689 ft		 CNantou CountyRemote Nine #5[t]
64Jianshan[xxxi] (劍山)3253 m
10673 ft		 CTaichung CityShei-PaNine Walls #5[r]
65Pingfengshan (屏風山)3250 m
10663 ft		 BHualien CountyTarokoNine Walls #6[r]
66Xiaoguanshan (小關山)3249 m
10659 ft		 CKaohsiung City, Taitung CountyLofty Nine #8[l]
67Yixiqingmazhishan (義西請馬至山)3245 m
10646 ft		 C+ Hualien County, Nantou CountySteep Seven #4[u]
68Mushan[xxxii] (牧山)3241 m
10633 ft		 CNantou CountySimple Six #5[s]
69Yushan Front Peak (玉山前鋒)3239 m
10627 ft		 AChiayi County, Nantou CountyYushanSimple Six #5[s]
70Shimenshan (石門山)3237 m
10620 ft		 AHualien County, Nantou CountyTarokoLittle Eight #2[o]
71Wushuangshan[xxxiii] (無雙山)3231 m
10600 ft		 C+ Nantou CountyNine Walls #7[r]
72Taguanshan[xxxiv] (塔關山)3222 m
10571 ft		 ATaitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanSteep Seven #5[u]
73Mabishanshan[xxxv] (馬比杉山)3211 m
10535 ft		 CYilan County, Hualien CountyTarokoFlat Nine #7[f]
74Dafenjianshan[xxxvi] (達芬尖山)3208 m
10525 ft		 CNantou County, Kaohsiung City, Hualien CountyYushanThree Spires #3[g]
75Xueshan East Peak[xxxvii] (雪山東峰)3201 m
10502 ft		 ATaichung CityShei-PaLittle Eight #3[o]
76Nanhuashan[xxxviii] (南華山)3184 m
10446 ft		 ANantou County, Hualien CountyNarrow Eight #6[q]
77Guanshanlingshan (關山嶺山)3176 m
10420 ft		 ATaitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanNarrow Eight #7[q]
78Hainuonanshan (海諾南山)3174 m
10413 ft		 CTaitung County, Kaohsiung CityGentle Ten #6[h]
79Zhongxueshan (中雪山)3173 m
10410 ft		 AMiaoli CountyShei-PaVerdant Ten #8[n]
80Shuanshan (閂山)3168 m
10394 ft		 ATaichung CityTarokoEight Beauties #8[e]
81Ganshufeng (甘薯峰)[xxxix]3158 m
10361 ft		 C+ Hualien County, Taichung CityTarokoLittle Eight #6[o]
82Hehuanshan West Peak (西合歡山)3145 m
10318 ft		 ANantou CountyTarokoVerdant Ten #9[n]
83Shenmazhenshan (審馬陣山)[xl]3141 m
10305 ft		 AYilan County, Taichung CityTarokoContiguous Six #1[v]
84Kalayeshan (喀拉業山)[xli]3133 m
10279 ft		 AHsinchu County, Yilan CountyShei-PaContiguous Six #2[v]
Four Beauties #4[m]
85Kuhanuoxinshan (庫哈諾辛山)3115 m
10220 ft		 AKaohsiung CityYushanRemote Nine #8[t]
86Jialishan (加利山)[xlii]3112 m
10210 ft		 AMiaoli CountyShei-PaContiguous Six #3[v]
87Baishishan (白石山)3110 m
10203 ft		 CNantou County, Hualien CountySteep Seven #6[u]
88Panshishan (磐石山)[xliii]3106 m
10190 ft		 CHualien CountyTarokoRemote Nine #9[t]
89Patuolushan (帕托魯山)3101 m
10174 ft		 CHualien CountyTarokoGentle Ten #8[h]
90Beidawushan[xliv] (北大武山)3092 m
10144 ft		 APingtung County, Taitung CountyFive Greats #5[b]
91Xiluandashan[xlv] (西巒大山)3081 m
10108 ft		 ANantou CountySteep Seven #7[u]
92Tafenshan (塔芬山)3070 m
10072 ft		 CHualien County, Kaohsiung CityYushanCraggy Eight #8[p]
93Liwuzhushan (立霧主山)[xlvi]3069 m
10069 ft		 CHualien CountyTarokoRocky Ten #9[i]
94Andongjunshan (安東軍山)[xlvii]3068 m
10066 ft		 CHualien County, Nantou CountyGentle Ten #9[h]
95Guangtoushan (光頭山)[xlviii]3060 m
10039 ft		 CNantou County, Hualien CountyFlat Nine #8[f]
96Yangtoushan (羊頭山)3035 m
9957 ft		 AHualien CountyTarokoNarrow Eight #8[q]
97Bulakesangshan (布拉克桑山)[xlix]3026 m
9928 ft		 CTaitung County, Hualien CountyNine Walls #9[r]
98Jupenshan (駒盆山)[l]3022 m
9915 ft		 C+ Nantou CountyYushanContiguous Six #4[v]
99Liushunshan (六順山)2999 m
9839 ft		 BNantou County, Hualien CountyFlat Nine #9[f]
100Lushan (鹿山)2981 m
9780 ft		 CKaohsiung CityYushanContiguous Six #6[v]
Close

Notes

Designated lists

  1. [a]
    The original criteria of height was 10,000 Japanese feet, or 3,030 meters.
  2. [b]
    The Five Greats (五嶽) are the highest in their region, and they include famous mountains such as Yushan and Xueshan. They are a must for all Baiyue hikers.[11]
  3. [c]
    During the Japanese rule in Taiwan, the Three Highs (三高) had the character of "high" (Kanji: 高) in their names, which are rarely used today.
  4. [d]
    The Harsh Ten (十峻) are prominent, steep peaks not included in the Five Greats, Three Spires, and One Ogre.[11]
  5. [e]
    The Eight Beauties (八秀) were chosen for their beautiful landscapes, gentle slope, meadows of short bamboo and lack of rock scrambling.[11]
  6. [f]
    The Flat Nine (九平) are wide, flat peaks without large rocks or trees, only short bamboo. Comfortable, easy walking.[11][12]
  7. [g]
    The Three Spires (三尖) are famous for their beauty and conical shape, and have character "Spire" (尖) in their names.[11]
  8. [h]
    The Gentle Ten (十潤) have an overall smooth profile, with gentle slopes and little climbing or scrambling needed.[11]
  9. [i]
    The Rocky Ten (十巖) have rocky peaks that require scrambling or climbing to summit.[11]
  10. [j]
    The Majestic Ten (十崇) were chosen for their size and prominence, wide peaks, gentle slope and serene nature.[11]
  11. [k]
    Qilaishan North Peak, the One Ogre (一奇 or 一怪), is located along the northern end of the Central Mountain Range's central spine. The ascent is steep and difficult in parts, and the dark fragmented slate covering the western face has earned it the nickname "Black Qilai". Some sources spell Qilai "Chilai".
  12. [l]
    The Lofty Nine (九峨) are tall conspicuous peaks, catching the eye more than neighboring peaks.[11]
  13. [m]
    The Four Beauties are also known as the Wuling Sixiu[13] due to their proximity to Wuling Farm. Each of these four peaks has its own unique characteristics. The "Four Beauties" initially chosen by Tian-Cheng Hsing were Chiyoushan, Taoshan, Shilunshan and Kalayeshan, while Pintianshan was listed as one of the Harsh Ten. However, since Shilunshan was not a Baiyue, hikers began recognizing Pintianshan as one of the Four Beauties instead.[14]
  14. [n]
    The Verdant Ten have trails that wind through lush green forests of tall, twisting trees and bamboo.[11]
  15. [o]
    The Little Eight are small peaks with gentle slopes that can be easily reached as part of a longer trip.[11]
  16. [p]
    The Craggy Eight (八銳) jut out from the surrounding terrain and are surrounded by cliffs and difficult terrain.[11]
  17. [q]
    The Narrow Eight have long narrow ridgelines with cliffs or steep slopes on both sides.[11]
  18. [r]
    These mountains rise up like a wall, wide and flat, blocking the view of a large area like a screen.[11]
  19. [s]
    The Simple Six trails are offshoots from another main trail, short in distance and not very strenuous. They are easy side trips when hiking the parent trail.[11]
  20. [t]
    The Remote Nine are on distant offshoots of their mountain range and are not easily combined with other peaks into a single journey.[11]
  21. [u]
    Steep mountains with cliffs and loose rocks.[11]
  22. [v]
    The Contiguous Six (六肩稜) are near other high peaks, and can be reached along a ridge that extends down from the higher peak. They have fairly level trails, the peaks are named and there is some sort of survey marker.[11]

Alternative names and other remarks

  1. [i]
    Formerly known as Niitakayama, Mt. Morrison; This mountain is the highest point of Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County.
  2. [ii]
    Formerly known as Tsugitakayama, Mt. Sylvia; Highest point of Miaoli County, Taichung City.
  3. [iii]
    Other names: Mahudas Shan, the highest point of Central Mountain Range
  4. [iv]
    Other names: Ulamun Shan, the 2nd highest point of Central Mountain Range
  5. [v]
    Other names: Yuliyulishan
  6. [vi]
    Highest point of Taitung County
  7. [vii]
    Highest point of Yilan County
  8. [viii]
    Other names: Kayixishan
  9. [ix]
    Other names: Hongyeshan
  10. [x]
    Other names: Baduowanuominshan
  11. [xi]
    Other names: Cloud Peak
  12. [xii]
    Other names: Qilaishan Main Peak
  13. [xiii]
    Other names: Tabilashan
  14. [xiv]
    Other names: Bayoushan
  15. [xv]
    Other names: Boqinxilunshan
  16. [xvi]
    Other names: Tiancuifeng
  17. [xvii]
    Other names: Xiaxueshashan
  18. [xviii]
    Other names: Jiutongshan; Highest point of Hsinchu County
  19. [xix]
    Other names: Qusheshan, Gaotianshan
  20. [xx]
    Other names: Nanhunanshan
  21. [xxi]
    Other names: Lagashan, Bainanshan
  22. [xxii]
    Other names: Lagashan
  23. [xxiii]
    Other names: Baigoudashan
  24. [xxiv]
    Other names: Xinguanshan
  25. [xxv]
    Other names: Adubanshan
  26. [xxvi]
    Other names: Yuluofushan
  27. [xxvii]
    Other names: Jiangzeshan
  28. [xxviii]
    Other names: Majiangzhizishan
  29. [xxix]
    Formerly known as: Noutakayama
  30. [xxx]
    Other names: Huoshan
  31. [xxxi]
    Other names: Xiaojianshan
  32. [xxxii]
    Other names: Ganzhuowanshan Southeast Peak
  33. [xxxiii]
    Other names: Maxirouganshan
  34. [xxxiv]
    Other names: Daguanshan
  35. [xxxv]
    Other names: Mameishan
  36. [xxxvi]
    Other names: Jianshan
  37. [xxxvii]
    Other names: Mingjianshan
  38. [xxxviii]
    Other names: Nenggaoshan North Peak
  39. [xxxix]
    Other names: Central Range Point, Yam Peak
  40. [xl]
    Other names: Yezhenjialuosuishan
  41. [xli]
    Other names: Jialiupingshan
  42. [xlii]
    Other names: Maibalabianshan
  43. [xliii]
    Other names: Shanyuanshan
  44. [xliv]
    Other names: Dawushan; Highest point in Pingtung County
  45. [xlv]
    Other names: Luandashan
  46. [xlvi]
    Other names: Tatsukiri Shan
  47. [xlvii]
    Other names: Andongjunshan
  48. [xlviii]
    Other names: Zhiyaganshan
  49. [xlix]
    Other names: Wulagusanshan
  50. [l]
    Other names: Penjushan, Umabungu Shan

References

See also

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