1076 Viola
Nysian asteroid
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1076 Viola /ˈvaɪ.ələ/,[16] provisional designation 1926 TE, is a Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 October 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[17] The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Viola.[3]
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | K. Reinmuth |
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
| Discovery date | 5 October 1926 |
| Designations | |
| (1076) Viola | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈvaɪ.ələ/[2] |
Named after | Viola (flowering plant)[3] |
| 1926 TE | |
| main-belt · (inner) Nysa[4] · background[5] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 90.48 yr (33,048 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.8323 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.1164 AU |
| 2.4744 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1447 |
| 3.89 yr (1,422 days) | |
| 70.608° | |
| 0° 15m 11.52s / day | |
| Inclination | 3.3195° |
| 143.71° | |
| 304.08° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 21.412±7.130 km[6] 21.43±6.81 km[7] 22.0±2.2 km[8] 22.273±0.069 km[9] 22.298±0.117 km[10] 22.63±2.7 km[11] 23.57±7.70 km[12] 24±2 km[13] 26.39±0.61 km[14] |
| 7.336 h[15] | |
| 0.032±0.002[14] 0.0375±0.0535[6] 0.04±0.01[8][13] 0.04±0.02[12] 0.04±0.05[7] 0.041±0.004[10] 0.0415±0.012[11] 0.0428±0.0046[9] | |
| Tholen = F[1] SMASS = C[1][4] B–V = 0.629[1] U–B = 0.250[1] | |
| 12.21[12] · 12.30[1][4][6][7][8][9][11][13][14] | |
Orbit and classification
Viola is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements.[5] The asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Nysa family (405),[4] the largest asteroid family of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after 44 Nysa, is located near the Kirkwood gap (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt.
Viola orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,422 days; semi-major axis of 2.47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in January 1951, or more than 24 years after its official discovery observation.[17]
Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Viola is a rare F-type asteroid, while in the SMASS taxonomy, it is classified as a common, carbonaceous C-type.[1][4]
Rotation period
In the 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of Viola was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.336 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.12 magnitude (U=3).[15] A tentative period of 14.4 hours was measured by French amateur astronomer René Roy in January 2009, but later retracted from the LCDB (U=n.a.).[4][18]
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Viola measures between 21.412 and 26.39 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.032 and 0.0428.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0415 and a diameter of 22.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.30.[4][11]
Naming
This minor planet was named after Viola, a genus of flowering plants within the violet family. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).[3]
Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[19]
